Jump to content

請

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 请
請 U+8ACB, 請
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8ACB
← 諊
[U+8ACA] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 諌 →
[U+8ACC]
請 U+FABB, 請
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FABB
← 諸
[U+FABA] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 謁 →
[U+FABC]

Translingual

[edit]
Stroke order
(Chinese)
Stroke order
(Japan)

Han character

[edit]

請 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+8, 15 strokes, cangjie input 卜口手一月 (YRQMB), four-corner 05627, composition ⿰訁青 or ⿰訁靑)

Derived characters

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1167, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35640
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1632, character 28
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3981, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+8ACB

Chinese

[edit]

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character 請
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Chu slip and silk script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (生) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
猜 *sʰlɯː
輤 *sʰleːns
綪 *sʰleːns, *ʔsreːŋ
倩 *sʰleːns, *sʰleŋs
棈 *sʰleːns
蒨 *sʰeːns
篟 *sʰeːns
生 *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs
牲 *sreŋ
笙 *sreŋ
甥 *sreŋ
鉎 *sreŋ, *sleːŋ
珄 *sreŋ
鼪 *sreŋ, *sreŋs
猩 *sreŋ, *seːŋ
狌 *sreŋ
眚 *sreŋʔ
貹 *sreŋs
崝 *zreːŋ
精 *ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs
菁 *ʔsleŋ
鶄 *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ
蜻 *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ
鼱 *ʔsleŋ
婧 *ʔsleŋ, *zleŋs, *zleŋʔ
睛 *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleŋʔ
箐 *ʔsleŋ
聙 *ʔsleŋ
旌 *ʔsleŋ
清 *sʰleŋ
圊 *sʰleŋ
請 *sʰleŋʔ, *zleŋs, *zleŋ
凊 *sʰleŋs
䝼 *zleŋs, *zleŋ
靚 *zleŋs
情 *zleŋ
晴 *zleŋ
夝 *zleŋ
靜 *zleŋʔ
靖 *zleŋʔ
睲 *seŋʔ, *seːŋs
惺 *seŋʔ, *seːŋ
性 *sleŋs
姓 *sleŋs
靗 *l̥ʰeŋs
鯖 *ʔljeŋ, *sʰleːŋ
青 *sʰleːŋ
靘 *sʰleːŋ, *sʰleːŋs
掅 *sʰleːŋs
胜 *sleːŋ
曐 *sleːŋ
星 *sleːŋ
鮏 *sleːŋ
腥 *seːŋ, *seːŋs
鯹 *seːŋ
醒 *seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs
篂 *seːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sʰleŋʔ, *zleŋs, *zleŋ) : semantic 言 (“say”) + phonetic 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ).

Pronunciation 1

[edit]
trad. 請
simp. 请
2nd round simp. 𰵕
Note:
  • ceng2 - vernacular;
  • cing2 - literary.
Note:
  • tiang2 - vernacular;
  • ten2 - literary.
Note:
  • chhiáⁿ - vernacular (“to invite; to hire; to treat to a meal; please; to enshrine and worship; goodbye”);
  • chhéng - literary.
Rime
Character 請
Reading # 2/3
Initial (聲) 清 (14)
Final (韻) 清 (121)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 七靜切
Baxter tshjengX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡sʰiᴇŋX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡sʰiɛŋX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡sʰiæŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/t͡sʰiajŋX/
Li
Rong 		/t͡sʰiɛŋX/
Wang
Li 		/t͡sʰĭɛŋX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/t͡sʰi̯ɛŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		qǐng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		cing2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 請
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		qǐng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tshjengX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[tsʰ]eŋʔ/
English request

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 請
Reading # 1/3
No. 11340
Phonetic
component 		生
Rime
group 		耕
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		請
Old
Chinese 		/*sʰleŋʔ/

Definitions

[edit]

請

  1. to ask; to ask for; to request
    請幾日假／请几日假 [Cantonese]  ―  ceng2 gei2 jat6 gaa3 [Jyutping]  ―  to request several days off (請假／请假)
    請你不要把我當傻子。 [MSC, trad.]
    请你不要把我当傻子。 [MSC, simp.]
    Qǐng nǐ bùyào bǎ wǒ dànɡ shǎzi. [Pinyin]
    Please don't treat me like a fool.
    我請他幫我買東西。 [MSC, trad.]
    我请他帮我买东西。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ qǐng tā bāng wǒ mǎi dōngxi. [Pinyin]
    I asked him to buy something for me.
    1. kindly allow me to...
  2. to ask
  3. to greet; to ask how someone is
    請安／请安  ―  qǐng'ān  ―  to pay respect (to someone senior)
  4. to invite; to treat (to a meal, etc.)
    不請自來／不请自来  ―  bùqǐngzìlái  ―  to turn up without being invited
    如果你得閒，我想請你飲茶。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    如果你得闲，我想请你饮茶。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    jyu4 gwo2 nei5 dak1 haan4, ngo5 soeng2 ceng2 nei5 jam2 caa4. [Jyutping]
    If you are free, I would like to ask you out for yum cha.
  5. to hire
    請工人／请工人  ―  qǐng gōngrén  ―  hire workers.
    佢冇錢請律師。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    佢冇钱请律师。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    keoi5 mou5 cin4-2 ceng2 leot6 si1. [Jyutping]
    He does not have the money to hire a lawyer.
  6. to carry or bring (a sacred or respectable thing)
    請神／请神  ―  qǐng shén  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    展護衛，請聖旨！ [MSC, trad.]
    展护卫，请圣旨！ [MSC, simp.]
    Zhǎn hùwèi, qǐng shèngzhǐ! [Pinyin]
    Royal Guard Zhan, bring out the royal edict!
  7. please; kindly
    請稍候。／请稍候。  ―  Qǐng shāohòu.  ―  Just a moment, please
    請坐／请坐 [Cantonese]  ―  ceng2 co5 [Jyutping]  ―  Please be seated.
  8. (dated) to buy holy sacrificial objects (such as joss sticks, candles, paper horses, etc.)
  9. (Mainland China Hokkien) to enshrine and worship; to consecrate
  10. (Mainland China Hokkien) goodbye; see you later
  11. (Internet slang, interjection) Used to form a retort.
    (Can we add an example for this sense?)
  12. a surname
Synonyms
[edit]
  • (to ask for):
  • (to invite):
  • (to hire):
  • (to enshrine and worship):

Compounds

[edit]

Pronunciation 2

[edit]
trad. 請
simp. 请
Rime
Character 請
Reading # 1/3
Initial (聲) 從 (15)
Final (韻) 清 (121)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 疾盈切
Baxter dzjeng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/d͡ziᴇŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/d͡ziɛŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/d͡ziæŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/d͡ziajŋ/
Li
Rong 		/d͡ziɛŋ/
Wang
Li 		/d͡zĭɛŋ/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/d͡zʱi̯ɛŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		qíng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		cing4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 請
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		qíng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ dzjeng ›
Old
Chinese 		/*m-tsʰeŋ/
English request, invite

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 請
Reading # 3/3
No. 11350
Phonetic
component 		生
Rime
group 		耕
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		情
Old
Chinese 		/*zleŋ/

Definitions

[edit]

請

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

[edit]

Pronunciation 3

[edit]
trad. 請
simp. 请

Definitions

[edit]

請

  1. Only used in 請室／请室 (qīngshì).

Pronunciation 4

[edit]
trad. 請
simp. 请
Rime
Character 請
Reading # 3/3
Initial (聲) 從 (15)
Final (韻) 清 (121)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 疾政切
Baxter dzjengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/d͡ziᴇŋH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/d͡ziɛŋH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/d͡ziæŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/d͡ziajŋH/
Li
Rong 		/d͡ziɛŋH/
Wang
Li 		/d͡zĭɛŋH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/d͡zʱi̯ɛŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jìng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zing6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 請
Reading # 2/3
No. 11346
Phonetic
component 		生
Rime
group 		耕
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		淨
Old
Chinese 		/*zleŋs/

Definitions

[edit]

請

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Further reading

[edit]

Japanese

[edit]
Shinjitai 請
Kyūjitai
[1][2][3]
請󠄁
請+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
請󠄃
請+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.
Stroke order (Japan)
15 strokes

Kanji

[edit]
請

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. beg; ask
  2. ask; request
  3. entertain sincerely
  4. (普(ふ)請(しん)) donate to constructing a temple or a shrine
  5. receive

Readings

[edit]

From Middle Chinese 請 (MC tshjengX); compare Mandarin 請 / 请 (qǐng):

  • Go-on: しょう (shō)←しやう (syau, historical)
  • Kan-on: せい (sei, Jōyō)
  • Tō-on: しん (shin, Jōyō †)

From Middle Chinese 請 (MC dzjeng); compare Mandarin 請 / 请 (qíng):

From native Japanese roots:

Compounds

[edit]

Usage notes

[edit]

The stroke order in Japanese differs slightly from Chinese, as shown.

Etymology

[edit]
Kanji in this term
請
しょう
Grade: S
goon

From Middle Chinese 請 (MC tshjengX).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

請(しょう) • (shō) ←しやう (syau)?

  1. request

References

[edit]
  1. ^ “請”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024
  2. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1979 (paper), page 1041 (digital)
  3. ^ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 1128 (paper), page 577 (digital)
  4. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]

請 (eumhun 청할 청 (cheonghal cheong))

  1. hanja form? of 청 (“to ask; to beg; to request”)

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

請: Hán Việt readings: thỉnh, tình, tính
請: Nôm readings: thảnh, thín, thinh

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=請&oldid=81918029"