你
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Translingual
[edit]| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Traditional | 儞 |
|---|---|
| Shinjitai (extended) |
你 |
| Simplified | 你 |
Han character
[edit]你 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人弓火 (ONF), four-corner 27290 or 27292, composition ⿰亻尔 or ⿰亻尓)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 100, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 471
- Dae Jaweon: page 205, character 4
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 137, character 5
- Unihan data for U+4F60
Chinese
[edit]| trad. | 你/妳* | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 你 | |
| alternative forms | ||
Glyph origin
[edit]| Historical forms of the character 你 |
|---|
Transcribed ancient scripts  L14036  L14037  L14038  L14039 |
|
References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *nɯʔ) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 尔 (OC *njelʔ). Alternatively, Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 人 (“person”) + 尔 (“you”)
Etymology 1
[edit]Colloquial form of 爾 (OC *njelʔ, “you”) attested since the Tang dynasty. Ultimately from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *na-ŋ (“you”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nyi3
- (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): nì
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ни (ni, II)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): n3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): ni2
- Northern Min (KCR): nì
- Eastern Min (BUC): nī
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 1ni / 2ni / 3ni
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): nyi3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄋㄧˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: nǐ
- Wade–Giles: ni3
- Yale: nǐ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nii
- Palladius: ни (ni)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ni²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: nyi3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ni
- Sinological IPA (key): /nʲi⁵³/
- (Xi'an)
- Guanzhong Pinyin: nì
- Sinological IPA (key): /ni⁵³/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ни (ni, II)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ni⁵¹/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: nei5
- Yale: néih
- Cantonese Pinyin: nei5
- Guangdong Romanization: néi5
- Sinological IPA (key): /nei̯¹³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: nei1 / nei4
- Sinological IPA (key): /ⁿdei³³/, /ⁿdei²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note:
- nei1 - vernacular;
- nei4 - literary.
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: n3
- Sinological IPA (key): /n̩²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngì / ǹ / ǹg / nì
- Hakka Romanization System: ngiˇ / nˇ / ngˇ / niˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngi2 / n2 / ng2 / ni2
- Sinological IPA: /ŋi¹¹/, /n¹¹/, /ŋ̍¹¹/, /ni¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngì / ǹ
- Hakka Romanization System: ngiˇ / nˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngi2 / n2
- Sinological IPA: /ŋi¹¹/, /n¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: ngi
- Sinological IPA: /ŋi⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
Note:
- Meixian:
- ngi2/n2 - vernacular;
- ni1 - literary.
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: ni2
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /ni⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: nì
- Sinological IPA (key): /ni⁴²/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: nī
- Sinological IPA (key): /nˡi³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yilan, Hsinchu, Philippines, Singapore)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lí
- Tâi-lô: lí
- Phofsit Daibuun: lie
- IPA (Philippines): /li⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Tainan, Yilan): /li⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /li⁴¹/
- IPA (Singapore): /li⁴²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Tong'an, Zhao'an, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Hsinchu, Singapore)
- (Hokkien: Taipei, Magong, Singapore, Penang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lú
- Tâi-lô: lú
- Phofsit Daibuun: luo
- IPA (Taipei): /lu⁵³/
- IPA (Penang): /lu⁴⁴⁵/
- IPA (Singapore): /lu⁴²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yilan, Hsinchu, Philippines, Singapore)
Note:
- lí/lír/lú - vernacular (common substitute for 汝);
- ní - literary.
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*nɯʔ/
Definitions
[edit]你
- you (the person spoken to or written to)
Usage notes
[edit]In traditional Chinese, 你 may be used to specifically refer to a male person, while 妳 can be used for a female person. In simplified Chinese, only 你 is standard.
Synonyms
[edit]Dialectal synonyms of 你 (“you (singular)”) [map]
Compounds
[edit]- 一場官司一場火，任你好漢沒處躲 / 一场官司一场火，任你好汉没处躲
- 不是你死，就是我活
- 不是我，便是你
- 不瞞你說 / 不瞒你说
- 不說話，沒人當你是啞吧 / 不说话，没人当你是哑吧
- 你三我四
- 你丟我撿 / 你丢我捡
- 你个
- 你來我往 / 你来我往
- 你個 / 你个
- 你們 / 你们
- 你儂 / 你侬 (nǐnóng)
- 你儂我儂 / 你侬我侬 (nǐnóngwǒnóng)
- 你儜 / 你佇
- 你咱
- 你好 (nǐ hǎo)
- 你娘
- 你媽的 / 你妈的 (nǐmāde)
- 你家
- 你家的
- 你懣 / 你懑
- 你我 (nǐwǒ)
- 你推我擠 / 你推我挤
- 你推我讓 / 你推我让
- 你敦
- 你有千條妙計，我有一定之規 / 你有千条妙计，我有一定之规
- 你東我西 / 你东我西
- 你死我活 (nǐsǐwǒhuó)
- 你每 (nǐměi)
- 你爭我奪 / 你争我夺
- 你生
- 你知我見 / 你知我见
- 你等 (nǐděng)
- 你箇 / 你个
- 你老 (nǐlǎo)
- 你老子
- 你誇我逞 / 你夸我逞
- 你謙我讓 / 你谦我让
- 你追我趕 / 你追我赶
- 你那
- 你長我短 / 你长我短
- 你門 / 你门
- 天知地知，你知我知 (tiān zhī dì zhī, nǐ zhī wǒ zhī)
- 有你沒我 / 有你没我
- 有你的 (yǒu nǐ de)
- 管你
- 肏你八輩子祖宗 / 肏你八辈子祖宗 (cào nǐ bā bèizi zǔzōng)
- 肏你媽 / 肏你妈 (cào nǐ mā)
- 肏你媽屄 / 肏你妈屄 (càonǐmābī)
- 肏你媽的屄 / 肏你妈的屄
- 肏你祖宗十八代 (cào nǐ zǔzōng shíbā dài)
- 迷你 (mínǐ)
- 迷你型計算機 / 迷你型计算机
- 迷你玫瑰
- 迷你盆景
- 迷你裙 (mínǐqún)
- 迷你豬 / 迷你猪
- 迷你電腦 / 迷你电脑
- 閻王叫你三更死，誰敢留人到五更 / 阎王叫你三更死，谁敢留人到五更 (Yánwáng jiào nǐ sāngēng sǐ, shéi gǎn liú rén dào wǔgēng)
See also
[edit]| Standard Mandarin Chinese personal pronouns | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Person | Singular | Plural | |
| 1st | — | 我 (wǒ) | 我們／我们 (wǒmen) |
| inclusive | 咱們／咱们 (zánmen) | ||
| 2nd | male/indefinite | 你 (nǐ) | 你們／你们 (nǐmen) |
| female | 妳／你 (nǐ) | 妳們／你们 (nǐmen) | |
| deity | 祢 (nǐ) | 祢們／祢们 (nǐmen) | |
| polite | 您 (nín) | 你們／你们 (nǐmen) 您們／您们 (nínmen) | |
| 3rd | male/indefinite | 他 (tā) | 他們／他们 (tāmen) |
| female | 她 (tā) | 她們／她们 (tāmen) | |
| deity | 祂 (tā) | 祂們／祂们 (tāmen) | |
| animal | 牠／它 (tā) | 牠們／它们 (tāmen) | |
| inanimate | 它 (tā) | 它們／它们 (tāmen) | |
Etymology 2
[edit]Contraction of 你嘅 (ngi2 gê4, “your”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Definitions
[edit]你
References
[edit]- “你”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Southern Min
- “Entry #2881”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
Japanese
[edit]| 你 | |
| 儞 |
Kanji
[edit]你
(Hyōgai kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 儞)
- Extended shinjitai form of 儞: you
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: に (ni)
- Kan-on: じ (ji)
- Kun: なんじ (nanji, 你)←なんぢ (nandi, 你, historical)、しかり (shikari, 你り)、その (sono, 你の)、のみ (nomi, 你)
Usage notes
[edit]This character is not used in modern Japanese. It may appear as a 略字 (ryakuji, “abbreviated character”) for 爾, itself only used in historical texts and not used in modern Japanese.
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]你 (eum 니 (ni))
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]你: Hán Việt readings: nhĩ, nễ
你: Nôm readings: né, nể, nẻ, nệ
References
[edit]Categories:
- CJK Unified Ideographs block
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- Beginning Mandarin
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- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading じ
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- Japanese kanji with kun reading しか・り
- Japanese kanji with kun reading そ・の
- Japanese kanji with kun reading のみ
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