奶
See also: 嬭
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Translingual
[edit]| Stroke order | |||
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Han character
[edit]奶 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 女弓竹尸 (VNHS), four-corner 47427, composition ⿰女乃)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 255, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6043
- Dae Jaweon: page 518, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1024, character 6
- Unihan data for U+5976
Chinese
[edit]Glyph origin
[edit]Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *rneːlʔ) : semantic 女 + phonetic 乃 (OC *nɯːʔ).
Etymology 1
[edit]| trad. | 奶/妳*/嬭 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 奶 | |
| alternative forms | 𬂌 Eastern Min | |
Unknown.
Similar words in the area include Proto-Hmong-Mien *niaʔ²ᴰ (“mother”), Tibetan ཨ་ནེ (a ne), ནེ་ནེ (ne ne, “paternal aunt”), Khmer ញី (ñii, “female”). It may be comparable with Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nja-n (“breast; milk; suck”), whence Nuosu ꑍ (nyip, “liquid milk”), ꀉꆂ (ax nie, “breast; milk”).
It is unknown how the Min forms relate to forms in other dialects. See this article for a discussion of the Min Nan etymon. For similar nasalisations in Min, compare 耳 (ěr).
Colloquial words in different Min dialects show considerable variation – most have an n- initial, but finals and tones differ greatly. Some propose that this is substrate influence, passed on from the maternal Baiyue lineages since the intermarriages between southward-migrating Han Chinese and native non-Han women. Other southern dialects also show remnants of this native word: Hakka [Meixian] nɛn5, Cantonese [Guangzhou] nin1 (𢆡). Compare Thai นม (nom, “breast; breastmilk”), Zhuang noemz (“breast; breastmilk”).
The long-recognised Sino-Tibetan etymon in Chinese is 乳 (OC *njoʔ); see there for more.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nai3
- (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): nài
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): нэ (ne, II)
- Cantonese (Jyutping): naai5 / naai5-1
- Gan (Wiktionary): lai3 / lai1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): nai2
- Northern Min (KCR): nâing / nǎi / na̿i
- Eastern Min (BUC): nĕng / nèng / nā̤ / nāi
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6na
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): lai3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄋㄞˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: nǎi
- Wade–Giles: nai3
- Yale: nǎi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nae
- Palladius: най (naj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /naɪ̯²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: nai3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: laai
- Sinological IPA (key): /nai⁵³/
- (Xi'an)
- Guanzhong Pinyin: nài
- Sinological IPA (key): /næ⁵³/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: нэ (ne, II)
- Sinological IPA (key): /nɛ⁵¹/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: naai5 / naai5-1
- Yale: náaih / nāai
- Cantonese Pinyin: naai5 / naai5-1
- Guangdong Romanization: nai5 / nai5-1
- Sinological IPA (key): /naːi̯¹³/, /naːi̯¹³⁻⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: lai3 / lai1
- Sinological IPA (key): /lai²¹³/, /lai⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
Note: lai1 - only used in 奶子 (“paternal grandmother”).
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: nen / nâi
- Hakka Romanization System: nen / naiˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: nen4 / nai1
- Sinological IPA: /nen⁵⁵/, /nai̯²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
Note:
- Sixian:
- nen - colloquial;
- nâi - literary.
- Meixian:
- nên4 - colloquial;
- nai1 - literary.
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: nai2
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /nai⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: nâing / nǎi / na̿i
- Sinological IPA (key): /naiŋ³³/, /nai²¹/, /nai³³/
- (Jian'ou)
Note: nâing - colloquial.
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: nĕng / nèng / nā̤ / nāi
- Sinological IPA (key): /nˡɛiŋ⁵⁵/, /nˡɛiŋ⁵³/, /nˡɛ³³/, /nˡai³³/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- nĕng - colloquial (“breast”);
- nèng - colloquial (“breastmilk”);
- nā̤ - colloquial;
- nāi - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Tainan, Magong, Singapore)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ni
- Tâi-lô: ni
- Phofsit Daibuun: ny
- IPA (Singapore): /ni⁴⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Tainan): /nĩ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Hsinchu)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lin
- Tâi-lô: lin
- Phofsit Daibuun: lyn
- IPA (Quanzhou, Lukang): /lin³³/
- IPA (Kinmen): /lin⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Yilan, Taichung, Penang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: leng
- Tâi-lô: ling
- Phofsit Daibuun: lefng
- IPA (Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Yilan): /liɪŋ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Penang): /leŋ³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nee
- Tâi-lô: nee
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /nɛ̃⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Singapore)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ne
- Tâi-lô: ne
- Phofsit Daibuun: nef
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /nẽ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /nẽ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Singapore): /ne⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Tainan, Magong, Singapore)
Note:
- ni/lin/leng - colloquial (“breast; milk; milk-like beverage; rubber; handle”);
- nee/ne - colloquial (“breast; milk”);
- nái - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: ni6 / ni1 / nai2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nĭ / ni / nái
- Sinological IPA (key): /ni³⁵/, /ni³³/, /nai⁵²/
Note:
- ni6 - colloquial;
- ni1 - colloquial;
- nai2 - literary.
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: nejX, nreaX
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*rneːlʔ/
Definitions
[edit]奶
- breast
- milk; breast milk
- to nurse
- to breastfeed; to suckle
- (in compounds) infant; infantile; milk (teeth, name, etc.)
- (regional) mother
- (regional) grandmother
- 奶奶 ― nǎinǎi ― paternal grandmother
Synonyms
[edit]- (grandmother):
- (breast):
- (milk):
Compounds
[edit]- 下奶
- 二奶 (èrnǎi)
- 人奶 (rénnǎi)
- 催奶 (cuīnǎi)
- 全脂奶粉
- 吃奶 (chīnǎi)
- 吃奶勁兒 / 吃奶劲儿
- 吃奶氣力 / 吃奶气力
- 吃奶腔
- 大奶奶
- 奶公
- 奶口
- 奶名 (nǎimíng)
- 奶品 (nǎipǐn)
- 奶哥哥
- 奶嘴 (nǎizuǐ)
- 奶奶
- 奶姆
- 奶娃
- 奶娘 (nǎiniáng)
- 奶媽 / 奶妈 (nǎimā)
- 奶嬤嬤 / 奶嬷嬷
- 奶子 (nǎizi)
- 奶子府
- 奶子酒 (nǎizijiǔ)
- 奶房
- 奶捲 / 奶卷
- 奶昔 (nǎixī)
- 奶母 (leng-bú)
- 奶毛 (nǎimáo)
- 奶水 (nǎishuǐ)
- 奶油 (nǎiyóu)
- 奶烏他 / 奶乌他
- 奶爸 (nǎibà)
- 奶牙 (nǎiyá)
- 奶牛 (nǎiniú)
- 奶瓶 (nǎipíng)
- 奶白
- 奶皮 (nǎipí)
- 奶積 / 奶积
- 奶粉 (nǎifěn)
- 奶精 (nǎijīng)
- 奶糕
- 奶罩 (nǎizhào)
- 奶聲奶氣 / 奶声奶气 (nǎishēngnǎiqì)
- 奶胖
- 奶腔
- 奶腥
- 奶膀子 (nǎipāngzi)
- 奶茶 (nǎichá)
- 奶豆腐
- 奶酒 (nǎijiǔ)
- 奶酪 (nǎilào)
- 奶頭 / 奶头 (nǎitóu)
- 奶食
- 奶餅 / 奶饼
- 姑奶奶 (gūnǎinai)
- 姨奶
- 姨奶奶
- 嬰兒奶粉 / 婴儿奶粉
- 孫少奶奶 / 孙少奶奶
- 小奶奶
- 小奶狗 (xiǎonǎigǒu)
- 少奶
- 少奶奶 (shàonǎinai)
- 師奶 / 师奶 (shīnǎi)
- 忌奶
- 戀奶 / 恋奶
- 摘奶
- 斷奶 / 断奶 (duànnǎi)
- 洋奶
- 淡奶 (dànnǎi)
- 漾奶 (yàngnǎi)
- 牛奶 (niúnǎi)
- 牛奶柿
- 牛奶糖 (niúnǎitáng)
- 珍奶 (zhēnnǎi)
- 產奶 / 产奶
- 瞎奶
- 羊奶 (yángnǎi)
- 老奶奶 (lǎonǎinai)
- 肨奶 (hàng-leng)
- 脫脂奶粉 / 脱脂奶粉
- 舅奶奶
- 芋奶
- 花奶奶
- 親奶奶 / 亲奶奶
- 豆奶 (dòunǎi)
- 郎奶
- 酸奶 (suānnǎi)
- 酸奶子
- 酸牛奶 (suānniúnǎi)
- 食奶
- 飼料奶粉 / 饲料奶粉
- 馬奶子 / 马奶子
- 馬奶酒 / 马奶酒 (mǎnǎijiǔ)
- 鮮奶 / 鲜奶 (xiānnǎi)
- 鮮奶油 / 鲜奶油 (xiānnǎiyóu)
- 黃奶 / 黄奶
Etymology 2
[edit]| trad. | 奶 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 奶 | |
| alternative forms | 乃 奈 | |
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): nái / nai
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nái
- Tâi-lô: nái
- Phofsit Daibuun: nae
- IPA (Xiamen): /nãi⁵³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nai
- Tâi-lô: nai
- Phofsit Daibuun: nay
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /nãi⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
Definitions
[edit]奶
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]| For pronunciation and definitions of 奶 – see 𦧺 (“to lick; to suck up to; to brownnose”). (This character is a variant form of 𦧺). |
References
[edit]- “奶”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]奶
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Readings
[edit]Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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