Wiktionary:About Chinese/Mandarin/Xi'an
Xi'anese (西安話／西安话 (Xǐ'ngǎnhuā)) is the representative variety of Guanzhong Mandarin (關中話／关中话 (Guǎnbvěnghuā)). Xi'an has served as the capital of many historical Chinese dynasties, including the Han and the Tang. Guanzhong Mandarin varieties tend to be, in general, quite similar, though some features, such as the -o rimes and tone sandhi, may vary from place to place. A more conservative variety of Xi'anese is adopted on Wiktionary.
Romanization
[edit]A modified version of Hanyu Pinyin, based on that seen in 關中方言大詞典, is used on Wiktionary. All pinyin rules apply.
Initials
[edit]| Pinyin | IPA | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| b | /p/ | 班別布 |
| p | /pʰ/ | 拍平普 |
| m | /m/ | 麥民墓 |
| f | /f/ | 書刷肥 |
| v | /v/ | 入軟問 |
| bv | /pf/ | 捉准住 |
| pf | /pfʰ/ | 出從喘 |
| d | /t/ | 多笛墊 |
| t | /tʰ/ | 脫提碳 |
| n | /n/ | 捏拿女 |
| l | /l/ | 六老摞 |
| z | /ts/ | 爭賊坐 |
| c | /tsʰ/ | 粗饞草 |
| s | /s/ | 蘇傘是 |
| zh | /tʂ/ | 織整趙 |
| ch | /tʂʰ/ | 吃扯纏 |
| sh | /ʂ/ | 說手剩 |
| r | /ʐ/ | 人惹肉 |
| j | /tɕ/ | 腳攪賤 |
| q | /tɕʰ/ | 七柒淺 |
| x | /ɕ/ | 吸斜選 |
| g | /k/ | 隔敢跪 |
| k | /kʰ/ | 哭捆靠 |
| ng | /ŋ/ | 恩俺按 |
| h | /x/ | 喝很厚 |
Finals
[edit]| -i- | -u- | -ü- | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| i /z̩/ 次 |
i /ʐ̩/ 知 |
i /i/ 以 |
u /u/ 五 |
ü /y/ 玉 | |
| a | a /a/ 八 |
ia /ia/ 家 |
ua /ua/ 瓜 |
||
| o | o /o/ 佛 |
uo /uo/ 活 |
üo /yo/ 學／学 | ||
| e | e /ɤ/ 個／个 |
ie /iɛ/ 夜 |
ue /ɯ/ 核 |
üe /yɛ/ 月 | |
| er | er /ər/ 二 |
||||
| ai | ai /æ/ 開／开 |
iai /iæ/ 界 |
uai /uæ/ 壞／坏 |
||
| ei | ei /ei/ 白 |
uei/ui /uei/ 國／国 | |||
| ao | ao /au/ 好 |
iao /iau/ 要 |
|||
| ou | ou /ɤu/ 狗 |
iou/iu /iɤu/ 九 |
|||
| an | an /ã/ 安 |
ian /iã/ 尖 |
uan /uã/ 灣／湾 |
üan /yã/ 遠／远 | |
| en | en /ẽ/ 仁 |
in /iẽ/ 欣 |
uen/un /uẽ/ 村 |
ün /yẽ/ 軍／军 | |
| ang | ang /aŋ/ 望 |
iang /iaŋ/ 陽／阳 |
uang /uaŋ/ 黃／黄 |
||
| eng | eng /əŋ/ 正 |
ing /iŋ/ 英 |
ueng/ong /uəŋ/ 龍／龙 |
iong /yoŋ/ 窮／穷 | |
Tones
[edit]| Tone | Tone numerals | Traditional category | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| ǎ (T1) | 21 | dark level (陰平) | 媽 |
| á (T2) | 24 | light level (陽平) | 麻 |
| à (T3) | 53 | rising (上) | 馬 |
| ā (T4) | 55 | departing (去) | 罵 |
| a (T0) | — | toneless | 𠺝 |
Input format
[edit]In the pronunciation section of each entry, under the {{zh-pron}} template, use the |m-x= parameter to indicate the pronunciation of the entry in the romanization as described above. Use / without spaces to separate alternate readings.
Use a number after the syllable to indicate the phonetic tone under tone sandhi.
|m-x=fǐ2jǐ
- Mandarin
- (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): fǐjǐ
- Mandarin
- (Xi'an)
- Guanzhong Pinyin: fǐjǐ [Phonetic: fíjǐ]
- Sinological IPA (key): /fi²¹⁻²⁴ t͡ɕi²¹/
- (Xi'an)
|m-x=Xǐ'ngǎn
- Mandarin
- (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): Xǐ'ngǎn
- Mandarin
- (Xi'an)
- Guanzhong Pinyin: Xǐ'ngǎn
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi²¹ ŋã²¹/
- (Xi'an)