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班

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
班 U+73ED, 班
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-73ED
← 珬
[U+73EC] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 珮 →
[U+73EE]

Translingual

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Stroke order
10 strokes

Han character

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班 (Kangxi radical 96, 玉+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 一土戈中土 (MGILG), four-corner 11114, composition ⿲𤣩刂王 or ⿴玨刂)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 731, character 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20976
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1142, character 29
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1113, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+73ED

Chinese

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trad. 班
simp. # 班
alternative forms 𤤻
𤦦
𣪂
𤼬

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 班
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (班) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
班 *praːn
斑 *praːn

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 珏 (“pieces of jade”) + 刀 (“knife”) – to cut jade to pieces with knife. The pieces of jade appear as a more conservative version 玨. The knife in the middle is well visibile in the conservative variant 𤤻. Unrelated to 师.

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(b/p)ral (“to leave, depart, separate”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan བྲལ་བ (bral ba, “to be separated”), འཕྲལ་བ ('phral ba, “to cause to be separated, to separate”), Miju phɑ̆l⁵³ (“to pull (weeds)”), phɹɯl⁵⁵ lɑ³⁵ (“to collapse”), Thulung phal si- (“to collapse”), Burmese ပြား (pra:, “various”), Jingpho pə³¹-ran³¹.

Karlgren (1933) grouped 班 (OC *praːn), 半 (OC *paːns), and 釆 (OC *brens) into one word family.

Schuessler (2007) also pointed to Austroasiatic comparanda semantically closer to Chinese; such as Khmer រាល (riəl, “to spread, extend, distribute”) and Khmer ព្រាល (priəl, “to spread”) with causative prefix *p-.

Possibly the same etymon as 斑 (OC *praːn, “variegated, spotted, striped”), which may be cognate to 羆 (OC *pral, “brown bear”) (Zhang, 2019).

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 班
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 刪 (69)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 布還切
Baxter paen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/pˠan/
Pan
Wuyun 		/pᵚan/
Shao
Rongfen 		/pɐn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/paɨn/
Li
Rong 		/pan/
Wang
Li 		/pan/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/pan/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		bān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		baan1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 班
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		bān
Middle
Chinese 		‹ pæn ›
Old
Chinese 		/*pˁ<r>an/
English divide, distribute

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 班
Reading # 1/1
No. 224
Phonetic
component 		班
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		班
Old
Chinese 		/*praːn/

Definitions

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班

  1. group; party; class
    培訓班／培训班  ―  péixùnbān  ―  training course
    你邊班㗎？／你边班㗎？ [Cantonese]  ―  nei5 bin1 baan1 gaa3? [Jyutping]  ―  Which class are you in?
    我們班有三十個同學。 [MSC, trad.]
    我们班有三十个同学。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒmen bān yǒu sānshí ge tóngxué. [Pinyin]
    There are thirty students in our class.
  2. (military) squad
  3. shift; work shift
    上班  ―  shàngbān  ―  to go to work
    晚班  ―  wǎnbān  ―  night shift
  4. (dated) opera troupe
    徽班  ―  Huī bān  ―  Anhui troupe
    班本  ―  bānběn  ―  opera script
  5. (literary) to divide; to distribute
  6. (literary) to spread out
  7. (literary) to rank; to arrange
  8. (literary) rank; grade
  9. (literary) equal; in the same rank
  10. (alt. form 頒／颁) (literary) to promulgate; to issue
  11. Classifier for a group of people.
    有班中學生喺球場度打緊波。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    有班中学生喺球场度打紧波。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    jau5 baan1 zung1 hok6 saang1 hai2 kau4 coeng4 dou6 daa2 gan2 bo1. [Jyutping]
    A group of secondary school students are playing ball games in the playground.
  12. Classifier for scheduled forms of transportation, such as flights and trains.
    下一班車什麼時候到？ [MSC, trad.]
    下一班车什么时候到？ [MSC, simp.]
    Xià yī bān chē shénme shíhou dào? [Pinyin]
    What time is the next bus?
  13. (in compounds, of transport) regular; scheduled
    班船  ―  bānchuán  ―  scheduled ferry
  14. (Cantonese) Classifier for classes.
    我哋一級有五班。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    我哋一级有五班。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    ngo5 dei6 jat1 kap1 jau5 ng5 baan1. [Jyutping]
    We have five classes in each year.
  15. (Cantonese, figurative) league; rank; level; ability; competence
    夠班／够班 [Cantonese]  ―  gau3 baan1 [Jyutping]  ―  to be qualified (literally, “to have enough competence”)
    高班 [Cantonese]  ―  gou1 baan1 [Jyutping]  ―  of high competence
    佢嘅能力同其他人比仲係爭幾班。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    佢嘅能力同其他人比仲系争几班。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    keoi5 ge3 nang4 lik6 tung4 kei4 taa1 jan4 bei2 zung6 hai6 zaang1 gei2 baan1. [Jyutping]
    His ability is still several leagues behind others.
  16. (Cantonese) to gather; to assemble
  17. (literary) to withdraw
    班師／班师  ―  bānshī  ―  to withdraw troops
  18. Alternative form of 斑 (bān, “spotted; striped”)
  19. a surname
    班固  ―  Bān Gù  ―  Ban Gu (historian)

Usage notes

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Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (班):
  • → Japanese: 班(はん) (han)
  • → Korean: 반(班) (ban)
  • → Vietnamese: ban (班)

References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai 班
Kyūjitai
[1]
班󠄁
班+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
班󠄃
班+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

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班

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. group, party, section

Readings

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Pronunciation

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Suffix

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班(はん) • (-han) 

  1. group, party
  2. (military) section

References

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  1. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1431 (paper), page 766 (digital)
  2. ^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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班 (eumhun 나눌 반 (nanul ban))

  1. hanja form? of 반 (“group; class”)

Tày

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Adjective

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班 (ban)

  1. Nôm form of ban (“well-developed”).
    姪姪如𱜢𫇥曾班
    Chỏi chỏi như nậu boóc dằng ban
    Colorful like flowers that have not yet bloomed

References

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  • Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎[2] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

Vietnamese

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Han character

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班: Hán Nôm readings: ban, băn

Noun

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班 chữ Hán form of ban (“see below for definitions”).

  1. (historical) branch of administration in the feudal court (of which there are two types: the civil administrators and the martial office holders)
  2. group (of people doing the same work); band; board; squad; committee
  3. shift; work period
  4. (only in compounds) time period; section of the day
  5. (dated) (college-level) subject; (academic) department
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