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別

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 别
別 U+5225, 別
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5225
← 判
[U+5224] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 刦 →
[U+5226]

Translingual

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Han character

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Stroke order
7 strokes

別 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 口尸中弓 (RSLN), four-corner 62200, composition ⿰𠮠刂)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 138, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1924
  • Dae Jaweon: page 312, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 328, character 13
  • Unihan data for U+5225

Chinese

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trad. 別/别*
simp. 别*
alternative forms 𠛰
𠔁 ancient

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 別
Shang Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Qin slip script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (别) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
捌 *preːd, *praːd
哵 *preːd
別 *pred, *bred
莂 *pred

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 冎 (“bone”) + 刂 (“knife”), hence 𠛰 – to cut up bone and flesh. Later, the character was stylized as 別. See also 另.

Etymology 1

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *brat (“cut apart, cut open”). Cognate to 八 (OC *preːd, “to divide; to differentiate”), 列 (OC *red), 裂 (OC *red).

Mei (2008) proposes that the intransitive sense "to leave, to part" (with voiced initial *b- in Middle Chinese) is primary and that the transitive sense "to discriminate, to discriminate" (with voiceless initial *p-) is derived from the intransitive sense with the Old Chinese causative prefix *s-, resulting in a devoicing effect: *s-b- > *s-p- > *p-; compare 黑 (OC *s-mək, “black”) from 墨 (OC *mək, “ink”). On the other hand, Sagart and Baxter (2012) consider the intransitive sense to be derived from the transitive sense (*pret) by prefixation of *N-, resulting in a voicing effect: *N-p- > *N-b- > *b-; compare 敗 (OC *N-pˤrat-s, “to suffer defeat”) from 敗 (OC *pˤrat-s, “to defeat”).

Pronunciation

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Note: bie̿ - “other”.
Note:
  • bĕk - vernacular (“other; different”);
  • biék - “to distinguish”;
  • biĕk - literary (“to leave; another”).
Note:
  • pa̍t - vernacular (“other”);
  • pia̍t - literary (“to separate; to leave; surname in Mainland”);
  • piat - literary (“to distinguish; to interpret; surname in Taiwan”).
Note:
  • biêg8 - Chaozhou;
  • biag8 - Shantou;
  • bag8 - “other”.
Note:
  • 5beq - vernacular;
  • 5biq - literary.
    Rime
    Character 別 別
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Initial (聲) 並 (3) 幫 (1)
    Final (韻) 薛 (83) 薛 (83)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open Open
    Division (等) III III
    Fanqie 皮列切 方别切
    Baxter bjet pjet
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/bˠiᴇt̚/ /pˠiᴇt̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/bᵚiɛt̚/ /pᵚiɛt̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/biæt̚/ /piæt̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/biat̚/ /piat̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/bjɛt̚/ /pjɛt̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/bĭɛt̚/ /pĭɛt̚/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/bʱi̯ɛt̚/ /pi̯ɛt̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		bié bie
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		bit6 bit3
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 別 別
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		bié bié
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ bjet › ‹ pjet ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*N-pret/ /*pret/
    English be separated (intr.) separate (tr.)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 別 別
    Reading # 2/2 1/2
    No. 821 820
    Phonetic
    component         		别 别
    Rime
    group         		月 月
    Rime
    subdivision         		2 2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		别 䇷
    Old
    Chinese         		/*bred/ /*pred/

    Definitions

    [edit]

    別

    1. (literary) to divide; to separate
    2. to distinguish; to differentiate; to discriminate
      區別／区别  ―  qūbié  ―  difference; to distinguish
    3. distinction; difference; contrast
      天壤之別／天壤之别  ―  tiānrǎngzhībié  ―  a world of difference
    4. group; class; kind
      性別／性别  ―  xìngbié  ―  sex; gender
      派別／派别  ―  pàibié  ―  sect
    5. to leave; to part
      永別／永别  ―  yǒngbié  ―  to part forever
      不辭而別／不辞而别  ―  bùcí'érbié  ―  to leave without saying goodbye
      久別重逢／久别重逢  ―  jiǔ bié chóngféng  ―  to meet after a long separation
    6. (Wu, dialectal Mandarin) to turn; to change
      恐怕有人聽見，把頭別轉來望著門外。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
      恐怕有人听见，把头别转来望著门外。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
      From: Wu Jingzi, The Scholars, 1750 CE
      Kǒngpà yǒurén tīngjiàn, bǎ tóu bié zhuǎnlái wàng zhe ménwài. [Pinyin]
      Worrying if someone might be listening, he turned his head and went towards the door.
    7. to pin; to clip
    8. to stick something in; to bolt
    9. (Southern Min) to interpret (one's fortune); to predicate
      See also: 逼
      別籤詩／别签诗 [Hokkien]  ―  piat chhiam-si [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  to interpret lottery poetry (poetry associated with fortune sticks)
    10. another; other
      別人／别人  ―  biérén  ―  other people
      你以為你還有別的選擇嗎？ [MSC, trad.]
      你以为你还有别的选择吗？ [MSC, simp.]
      Nǐ yǐwéi nǐ hái yǒu bié de xuǎnzé ma? [Pinyin]
      You think you have other options?
    11. special; unique; peculiar; particular
      別致／别致  ―  biézhì  ―  distinctive; novel
    12. misspelled; erroneous
      別字／别字  ―  biézì  ―  incorrectly written or mispronounced character
    13. by oneself; on one's own; separately
      別樹一幟／别树一帜  ―  biéshùyīzhì  ―  to have a distinct style of one's own
    14. a surname

    Compounds

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    Descendants

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    Sino-Xenic (別):
    • → Korean: 별(別) (byeol)
    • → Vietnamese: biệt (別)

    Etymology 2

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    Yang (2017) and Liu (2021) suggest the sense "do not" is a contraction of 不要 (bùyào). Thus, it is a doublet of 別要／别要, and 嫑 (báo).

    Pronunciation

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    Definitions

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    別

    1. had better not; do not; don't
      別去！／别去！  ―  Bié qù!  ―  Don't go!
      我的事你別管。／我的事你别管。  ―  Wǒ de shì nǐ bié guǎn.  ―  Stay out of my business.
      別忘了在你的信上貼張郵票。 [MSC, trad.]
      别忘了在你的信上贴张邮票。 [MSC, simp.]
      Bié wàng le zài nǐ de xìn shàng tiē zhāng yóupiào. [Pinyin]
      Don't forget to put a stamp on your letter.
    2. particle used with 是 after it to express supposition, often an imagined unfavourable scenario
    Synonyms
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    Dialectal synonyms of 別 (“do not”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 勿, 莫1, 毋, 無
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 別, 不要, 勿, 別要 chiefly Hong Kong
    Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 別, 別價
    Taiwan 別, 不要
    Harbin 別
    Malaysia 不要
    Singapore 不要
    Jilu Mandarin Jinan 別, 別價, 甭價, 不要
    Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 別
    Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 嫑, 甭1, 休
    Wanrong 嫑, 不要
    Xi'an 嫑, 不敢
    Xining 嫑
    Xuzhou 嫑, 休
    Lanyin Mandarin Lanzhou 不要
    Ürümqi 嫑
    Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 莫1, 不要, 嫑
    Wuhan 莫1, 不
    Guiyang 不要
    Guilin 莫1
    Liuzhou 莫1, 莫要
    Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) 莫1
    Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 不要
    Yangzhou 莫1, 不要
    Hefei 別, 不要
    Cantonese Guangzhou 咪, 咪個, 唔好
    Hong Kong 咪, 唔好, 冇
    Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 唔好
    Macau 唔要
    Foshan (Shunde) 咪
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 咪
    Zhuhai (Doumen) 唔好
    Taishan 唔好
    Kaiping (Chikan) 唔好
    Dongguan 咪, 唔好
    Shaoguan 咪
    Yunfu 咪, 唔好
    Yangjiang 莫1, 無好
    Xinyi 毛
    Lianjiang 冇
    Nanning 冇要
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 咪
    Singapore (Guangfu) 咪, 唔好
    Gan Nanchang 莫1
    Lichuan 毋要, 不要
    Pingxiang 不要
    Hakka Meixian 莫1, 毋愛, 毋好
    Xingning 毋愛
    Huidong (Daling) 毋好
    Shaoguan (Qujiang) 毋好
    Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 毋好
    Changting 毋要
    Liancheng 毋要
    Ninghua 毋要
    Yudu 毋要, 毋敢
    Ruijin 毋要
    Shicheng 毋要
    Shangyou (Shexi) 毋要
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 毋好
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 毋好
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 毋好
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 毋好
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 毋好
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 毋好
    Hong Kong 毋好
    Sabah (Longchuan) 毋愛
    Senai (Huiyang) 毋好
    Kuching (Hepo) 唔愛
    Huizhou Jixi 不要, 嫑
    Shexian 不要, 嫑
    Huangshan (Tunxi) 不要, 嫑
    Jin Taiyuan 不要, 不敢
    Xinzhou 不要, 嫑, 播
    Northern Min Jian'ou 伓敢, 伓讓, 毋
    Pucheng (Shibei) 伓敢
    Eastern Min Fuzhou 伓通, 毋
    Fuqing 伓通
    Matsu 毋
    Southern Min Xiamen 毋通, 毋愛, 莫2, 𱰠, 莫用, 汰
    Quanzhou 毋通, 毋愛, 甭2, 莫用, 汰
    Zhangzhou 毋通, 莫2, 甭2, 𱰠, 莫用, 汰
    Zhao'an 孬
    Taipei 莫2
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 莫去
    Kaohsiung 莫2
    Yilan 毋通, 莫2
    Changhua (Lukang) 莫2
    Tainan 莫2, 甭2
    Penang (Hokkien) 莫2, 毋通, 甭2
    Singapore (Hokkien) 莫2, 毋通, 甭2
    Manila (Hokkien) 毋通, 甭2
    Pingnan (Shangdu) 別
    Chaozhou 孬, 莫2
    Shantou 孬, 莫2
    Shantou (Chaoyang) 莫2
    Jieyang 孬, 莫2
    Haifeng 莫2
    Ho Chi Minh City (Teochew) 孬
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 孬
    Penang (Teochew) 莫2
    Singapore (Teochew) 莫2, 孬
    Leizhou 無地
    Haikou 無用, 莫2, 無莫
    Qionghai 無用
    Singapore (Hainanese) 無用
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 冇要
    Wu Shanghai 勿要, 𧟰
    Shanghai (Chongming) 拗
    Suzhou 𧟰
    Wuxi 𧟰
    Nantong (Haimen) 拗, 拗要, 弗要
    Danyang 弗要, 𫸻
    Hangzhou 嫑
    Hangzhou (Yuhang) 弗要, 消, 𧟰
    Ningbo 莫, 甮
    Wenzhou 𧟰
    Lishui ⿰毋樂
    Qingyuan ⿰否樂
    Jinhua 𫸻, 弗要, 弗用
    Xiang Changsha 莫1, 不要
    Loudi 不要, 莫1
    Shuangfeng 莫1
    Quanzhou 別

    Etymology 3

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    For pronunciation and definitions of 別 – see 彆 (“to make someone change their opinion; to dissuade”).
    (This character is a variant form of 彆).

    Etymology 4

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    For pronunciation and definitions of 別 – see 捌 (“(Min) to know; to recognise; to be familiar with”).
    (This character is a variant form of 捌).

    References

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    Japanese

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    Kanji

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    別

    (Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

    Readings

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    Compounds

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    Etymology 1

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    Kanji in this term
    別
    べつ
    Grade: 4
    kan'yōon

    Pronunciation

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    Adjective

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    別(べつ) • (betsu) -na (adnominal 別(べつ)な (betsu na), adverbial 別(べつ)に (betsu ni))

    1. different, separate, another
    Inflection
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    Inflection of 別
    Stem forms
    Imperfective (未然形) 別だろ べつだろ betsu daro
    Continuative (連用形) 別で べつで betsu de
    Terminal (終止形) 別だ べつだ betsu da
    Attributive (連体形) 別な べつな betsu na
    Hypothetical (仮定形) 別なら べつなら betsu nara
    Imperative (命令形) 別であれ べつであれ betsu de are
    Key constructions
    Informal negative 別ではない
    別じゃない         		べつではない
    べつじゃない         		betsu de wa nai
    betsu ja nai
    Informal past 別だった べつだった betsu datta
    Informal negative past 別ではなかった
    別じゃなかった         		べつではなかった
    べつじゃなかった         		betsu de wa nakatta
    betsu ja nakatta
    Formal 別です べつです betsu desu
    Formal negative 別ではありません
    別じゃありません         		べつではありません
    べつじゃありません         		betsu de wa arimasen
    betsu ja arimasen
    Formal past 別でした べつでした betsu deshita
    Formal negative past 別ではありませんでした
    別じゃありませんでした         		べつではありませんでした
    べつじゃありませんでした         		betsu de wa arimasen deshita
    betsu ja arimasen deshita
    Conjunctive 別で べつで betsu de
    Conditional 別なら（ば） べつなら（ば） betsu nara (ba)
    Provisional 別だったら べつだったら betsu dattara
    Volitional 別だろう べつだろう betsu darō
    Adverbial 別に べつに betsu ni
    Degree 別さ べつさ betsusa
    Classical conjugation of "別なり" (ナリ活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
    Stem forms
    Irrealis (未然形) 別なら べつなら betunara
    Continuative (連用形) 別に[1]
    別なり[2]    		 べつに
    べつなり    		 betuni
    betunari
    Terminal (終止形) 別なり べつなり betunari
    Attributive (連体形) 別なる べつなる betunaru
    Realis (已然形) 別なれ べつなれ betunare
    Imperative (命令形) 別なれ べつなれ betunare
    Key constructions
    Negative 別ならず べつならず betunarazu
    Contrasting conjunction 別なれど べつなれど betunaredo
    Causal conjunction 別なれば べつなれば betunareba
    Conditional conjunction 別ならば べつならば betunaraba
    Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 別なりき べつなりき betunariki
    Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 別なりけり べつなりけり betunarikeri
    Adverbial 別に べつに betuni
    [1]Without auxiliary verb.
    [2]With auxiliary verb.

    Noun

    [edit]

    別(べつ) • (betsu) 

    1. difference
      男女(だんじょ)の別(べつ)
      danjo no betsu
      difference between the sexes
    2. another
      別(べつ)の人(ひと)にも言(い)われた
      betsu no hito ni mo iwareta
      was told such by someone else too
    3. exception
      日本(にほん)は別(べつ)として
      Nihon wa betsu to shite
      setting aside Japan
      事実(じじつ)かどうかは別(べつ)にして
      jijitsu ka dō ka wa betsu nishite
      setting aside whether it is the truth or not

    Suffix

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    別(べつ) • (-betsu) 

    1. separated by
      ジャンル別(べつ)の映画(えいが)
      janru-betsu no eiga
      movies by genre

    Etymology 2

    [edit]
    Kanji in this term
    別
    べち
    Grade: 4
    goon

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Adjective

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    別(べち) • (bechi) †-nari

    1. different, separate, another
    Inflection
    [edit]
    Classical conjugation of "別なり" (ナリ活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
    Stem forms
    Irrealis (未然形) 別なら べちなら betinara
    Continuative (連用形) 別に[1]
    別なり[2]    		 べちに
    べちなり    		 betini
    betinari
    Terminal (終止形) 別なり べちなり betinari
    Attributive (連体形) 別なる べちなる betinaru
    Realis (已然形) 別なれ べちなれ betinare
    Imperative (命令形) 別なれ べちなれ betinare
    Key constructions
    Negative 別ならず べちならず betinarazu
    Contrasting conjunction 別なれど べちなれど betinaredo
    Causal conjunction 別なれば べちなれば betinareba
    Conditional conjunction 別ならば べちならば betinaraba
    Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 別なりき べちなりき betinariki
    Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 別なりけり べちなりけり betinarikeri
    Adverbial 別に べちに betini
    [1]Without auxiliary verb.
    [2]With auxiliary verb.

    Noun

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    別(べち) • (bechi) 

    1. difference

    Etymology 3

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    Kanji in this term
    別
    べつ
    Grade: 4
    (ateji)
    kun'yomi

    From Ainu ペッ (pet, “water, river”). The kanji spelling is an example of ateji.

    Pronunciation

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    Affix

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    別(べつ) • (betsu) 

    1. used in toponyms of Hokkaido

    Derived terms

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    References

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    1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean

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    Hanja

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    別 (eumhun 다를 별 (dareul byeol))

    1. hanja form? of 별 (“difference”)

    Compounds

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    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    別: Hán Nôm readings: biệt, biết, bét, bết, bệt, bịt, bẹt, bít

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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