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望

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 朢
望 U+671B, 望
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-671B
← 朚
[U+671A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 朜 →
[U+671C]

望 U+FA93, 望
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA93
← 朗
[U+FA92] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 杖 →
[U+FA94]
望 U+2F8D9, 望
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8D9
← 朗
[U+2F8D8] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 朡 →
[U+2F8DA]

Translingual

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Stroke order
11 strokes
Stroke order (Japan)
11 strokes
Japanese 望
Simplified 望
Traditional 望

Alternative forms

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Note that in simplified Chinese and Vietnamese scripts, 亡 is written with an upward hook. In Hong Kong and Taiwan (traditional Chinese script), 月 is written like 夕 with an extra slash below while 王 is written as 𡈼. In Mainland China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, the bottom component is written 王. Note that the standard Kangxi form is written ⿱⿰亡月𡈼.

Han character

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望 (Kangxi radical 74, 月+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 卜月竹土 (YBHG) or 卜月一土 (YBMG), four-corner 07104, composition ⿱⿰亡月王(GJKV) or ⿱⿰亡𱼀𡈼(HT))

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 505, character 29
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14368
  • Dae Jaweon: page 884, character 23
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2080, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+671B

Chinese

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trad. 望
simp. # 望
alternative forms
朢／望
𣈂
𦣠
𥩿
𣍢
朢／望
𣈂
𦣠
𥩿
𣍢
𥪛
𢾘
𭱗
 

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 望
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (亡) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
忙 *maːŋ
芒 *maːŋ, *maŋ
茫 *maːŋ
恾 *maːŋ
吂 *maːŋ, *maːŋs
汒 *maːŋ, *maŋs
朚 *maːŋ, *hmaːŋ, *maŋ, *mraːŋ, *mraːŋs
邙 *maːŋ, *maŋ
杗 *maːŋ, *maŋ
荒 *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋs
肓 *hmaːŋ
衁 *hmaːŋ
巟 *hmaːŋ
詤 *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋʔ, *hmaŋʔ
慌 *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋʔ
謊 *hmaːŋʔ
喪 *smaːŋs, *smaːŋ
亡 *maŋ
望 *maŋ, *maŋs
莣 *maŋ
朢 *maŋ, *maŋs
鋩 *maŋ
硭 *maŋ
忘 *maŋ, *maŋs
网 *mlaŋʔ
罔 *mlaŋʔ
蛧 *maŋʔ
網 *mlaŋʔ
輞 *maŋʔ
棢 *maŋʔ
惘 *maŋʔ
菵 *maŋʔ
誷 *maŋʔ
魍 *maŋʔ
妄 *maŋs
盲 *mraːŋ
蝱 *mraːŋ
虻 *mraːŋ
氓 *mraːŋ
甿 *mraːŋ

Originally written 𦣠, an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 臣 (“eye”) + 𡈼 (“person standing on the ground”) – a person standing up and looking off into the distance. Later 月 (“moon”) was added to produce 朢.

The 臣 component is now written 亡, making the current form a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *maŋ, *maŋs) : phonetic 亡 (OC *maŋ) + semantic 月 + semantic 𡈼.

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mraŋ (“to see”). Cognate with Burmese မြင် (mrang).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • mong4 - vernacular;
  • vong4 - literary.
Note:
  • bāng - vernacular;
  • bōng - literary.
Note: bhuang6 - “fame, 15th day in a lunar month”.
Note:
  • 3maan - vernacular;
  • 3hhuaan - literary.
Rime
Character 望 望
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 明 (4) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 陽 (106) 陽 (106)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed Closed
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 武方切 巫放切
Baxter mjang mjangH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/mʉɐŋ/ /mʉɐŋH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/mʷiɐŋ/ /mʷiɐŋH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/miuɑŋ/ /miuɑŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/muaŋ/ /muaŋH/
Li
Rong 		/miuaŋ/ /miuaŋH/
Wang
Li 		/mĭwaŋ/ /mĭwaŋH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/miwaŋ/ /miwaŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		wáng wàng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		mong4 mong6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 望 望
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		wàng wàng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ mjang › ‹ mjangH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*maŋ/ /*maŋ-s/
English look at from a distance look at from a distance

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 望 望
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 12667 12686
Phonetic
component 		亡 亡
Rime
group 		陽 陽
Rime
subdivision 		0 0
Corresponding
MC rime 		亡 妄
Old
Chinese 		/*maŋ/ /*maŋs/

Definitions

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望

  1. to see; to watch (especially from a distance)
    眺望  ―  tiàowàng  ―  to watch from a vantage point
  2. (chiefly dialectal) to look; to look at
    東張西望／东张西望  ―  dōngzhāngxīwàng  ―  to look around
    我望嚟望去都望唔到喎！ [Cantonese, trad.]
    我望嚟望去都望唔到㖞！ [Cantonese, simp.]
    ngo5 mong6 lai4 mong6 heoi3 dou1 mong6 m4 dou3-2 wo3! [Jyutping]
    I kept looking but I still can't see it!
    望下嗰度！ [Cantonese]  ―  mong6 haa5 go2 dou6! [Jyutping]  ―  Look over there!
    望左 [Cantonese]  ―  mong6 zo2 [Jyutping]  ―  look left (found on roads in Hong Kong)
  3. to gaze at; to stare at
  4. (figurative) to observe; to watch
    觀望／观望  ―  guānwàng  ―  to observe without taking action
  5. to hope; to expect
    希望  ―  xīwàng  ―  to hope; to wish; to desire
    願望／愿望  ―  yuànwàng  ―  wish; desire
  6. fame; reputation
    名望  ―  míngwàng  ―  fame
    威望  ―  wēiwàng  ―  prestige
  7. location; locality
    郡望  ―  jùnwàng  ―  ancestral home; place of origin (of one's lineage)
    地望  ―  dìwàng  ―  geographical location; geography
  8. (Chinese astronomy) the day or night of the full moon
    朔望月  ―  shuòwàngyuè  ―  synodic month
  9. (Mandarin, Wu) towards
    alt. forms: 往
    望前頭跑／望前头跑 [Shanghainese]  ―  6maon 6zhi-deu6 6bau [Wugniu]  ―  Run (towards) forward.

Usage notes

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The preposition "towards" is commonly written as 往 in Mandarin. Sometimes written as 往 for Wu usage.

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 看 (“to look”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 視, 見, 看
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 看
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 看, 瞧, 瞅
Taiwan 看
Harbin 看, 瞧
Malaysia 看
Singapore 看
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 看
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 看
Central Plains Mandarin Wanrong 看
Xi'an 看
Xining 看
Xuzhou 看, 望
Lanyin Mandarin Ürümqi 看
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 看, 𧢭
Wuhan 看, 睄, 瞄
Guiyang 看, 望
Guilin 看
Liuzhou 看
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 看, 瞧
Yangzhou 看, 望, 瞧
Hefei 看, 望
Cantonese Guangzhou 睇, 望
Hong Kong 睇, 望
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 睇
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 睇
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 睇
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 睇
Macau 睇
Macau (Tanka) 睇
Guangzhou (Panyu) 睇
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 睇
Guangzhou (Conghua) 睇
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 睇
Foshan 睇
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 睇
Foshan (Shunde) 睇
Foshan (Sanshui) 睇
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 睇
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 看
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 睇
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 睇
Zhuhai (Doumen) 睇
Jiangmen (Baisha) 睇
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 睇
Taishan 睇, 望
Kaiping (Chikan) 睇
Enping (Niujiang) 睇
Heshan (Yayao) 睇
Dongguan 睇
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 睇
Qingyuan 睇
Fogang 睇
Yingde (Hanguang) 睇
Yangshan 望
Lianshan (Butian) 看
Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) 望
Shaoguan 睇
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 睇
Renhua 睇
Lechang 睇
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 睇
Sihui 睇
Guangning 睇
Deqing 睇
Huaiji 望
Yunfu 睇
Xinxing 睇
Luoding 睇
Yunan (Pingtai) 睇
Yangjiang 看, 睇, 瞄
Xinyi 睇
Maoming (Xinpo) 睇
Lianjiang 睇
Nanning 睇
Nanning (Tanka) 睇, 望
Wuzhou 睇
Yulin 睇
Hepu (Lianzhou) 看
Guiping 睇
Mengshan (Xihe) 看
Guigang (Nanjiang) 睇
Beiliu (Tangliao) 睇
Baise 睇
Bobai 睇
Lingshan 看
Pubei 睇
Qinzhou 睇
Qinzhou (Changtan) 瞭, 瞫
Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) 看
Beihai 睇
Beihai (Yingpan) 看
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 睇
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 睇
Ningming 睇
Hengzhou 睇
Hezhou (Pumen, Babu) 睇
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 睇
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 睇
Penang (Guangfu) 睇
Singapore (Guangfu) 睇
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 睇
Móng Cái 睇
Gan Nanchang 看, 相, 望
Lichuan 看
Pingxiang 看
Hakka Meixian 看, 睞
Xingning 看
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 睇
Huiyang 看
Huidong (Daling) 看
Dongguan (Qingxi) 看
Boluo (Bendihua) 睇
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 看
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 看
Heyuan (Bendihua) 睇
Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua) 睇
Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua) 睇
Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua) 看, 睇
Wengyuan 看
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 看
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 看
Liannan 看
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 看
Jiexi 看
Luhe 看
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 䀴
Changting 䀴, 望
Wuping 看
Wuping (Yanqian) 看
Wuping (Pingyu) 看
Liancheng 䀴
Ninghua 䀴
Yudu 看, 望
Ningdu 看
Ruijin 看
Shicheng 看
Shangyou (Shexi) 看
Tonggu (Sandu) 看
Ganzhou (Panlong) 看
Dayu 看
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 看
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 看
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 看, 䀴
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 看, 䀴
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 䀴
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 䀴
Hong Kong 看
Yangxi (Tangkou) 看
Yangchun (Sanjia) 睇
Xinyi (Sihe) 睇
Xinyi (Qianpai) 睇, 看
Gaozhou (Xindong) 睇
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 睇, 看
Huazhou (Xin'an) 看
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 看
Lianjiang (Qingping) 看
Mengshan (Xihe) 看
Luchuan 看
Senai (Huiyang) 看
Kuching (Hepo) 看
Singapore (Dabu) 看
Huizhou Jixi 看, 望
Jin Taiyuan 看, 瞭
Xinzhou 看
Northern Min Jian'ou 覷
Jian'ou (Dikou) 覷
Songxi 䁐
Zhenghe 覷
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 覷
Jianyang 覷
Wuyishan 覷
Pucheng (Shibei) 覷
Eastern Min Fuzhou 看, 覷
Fuzhou (Changle) 覷
Lianjiang 覷
Fuqing 覷
Pingtan 覷
Yongtai 覷
Minqing 覷
Gutian 覷
Pingnan 看
Luoyuan 看
Fu'an 睨
Ningde 看
Xiapu 看
Zherong 看
Shouning 望
Zhouning 睨
Fuding 看
Matsu 看
Sitiawan (Gutian) 看
Southern Min Xiamen 看
Xiamen (Tong'an) 看
Quanzhou 看
Jinjiang 看
Nan'an 看
Shishi 看
Hui'an 看
Anxi 看
Yongchun 看
Dehua 看
Zhangzhou 看
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 看
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 看
Hua'an 看
Nanjing 看
Pinghe 看
Zhangpu 看
Yunxiao 看
Zhao'an 看, 睇
Dongshan 看
Taipei 看
New Taipei (Sanxia) 看
Kaohsiung 看
Tainan 看
Kinmen 看
Penghu (Magong) 看
Penang (Hokkien) 看
Singapore (Hokkien) 看
Manila (Hokkien) 看
Medan (Hokkien) 看
Longyan 䁐
Zhangping 看
Zhangping (Yongfu) 看
Datian 看
Pingnan (Shangdu) 看
Guilin (Biyange) 看
Chaozhou 睇
Raoping 睇
Shantou 睇
Shantou (Chenghai) 睇
Shantou (Chaoyang) 睇
Jieyang 睇
Lufeng 睇
Haifeng 睇
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 睇
Singapore (Teochew) 睇
Pontianak (Teochew) 睇
Leizhou 䁐, 𥆑
Wenchang 望, 䁐
Haikou 望, 䁐
Qionghai 望
Singapore (Hainanese) 望
Puxian Min Putian 看
Xianyou 看
Central Min Yong'an 䁐
Sanming (Sanyuan) 䁐
Sanming (Shaxian) 䁐
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 望, 覷
Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 睇
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 看
Shehua Fu'an 睇
Fuding 睇
Luoyuan 睇
Sanming 睇
Shunchang 睇
Hua'an 睇
Guixi (Zhangping) 睇
Cangnan 睇
Jingning (Hexi) 睇
Lishui 睇
Longyou 睇
Chaozhou 睇
Fengshun 睇
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 望
Yuanling (Shaojiwan) 望
Luxi (Baisha) 望
Wu Shanghai 看
Shanghai (Chongming) 看
Suzhou 看
Wuxi 看
Danyang 看, 望
Hangzhou 看
Ningbo 看, 相
Wenzhou 眙, 張
Lishui 望
Jinhua 望
Xiang Changsha 看
Loudi 相
Shuangfeng 看, 相

Compounds

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Descendants

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  • → Thai: มอง (mɔɔng, “watch, look”)

References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai 望
Kyūjitai
[1][2]
望󠄁
望+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
望󠄅
望+&#xE0105;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

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望

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. wish
  2. hope
  3. desire

Readings

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Compounds

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Proper noun

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望(のぞむ) • (Nozomu) 

  1. a male given name

Proper noun

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望(のぞみ) • (Nozomi) 

  1. a female given name

References

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  1. ^ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 659 (paper), page 342 (digital)
  2. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1092 (paper), page 597 (digital)

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 望 (MC mjangH). Recorded as Middle Korean 마ᇰ〯 (mǎng) (Yale: mǎng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

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  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ma̠(ː)ŋ]
  • Phonetic hangul: [망(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

望 (eumhun 바랄 망 (baral mang))

  1. Hanja form? of 망 (“to desire; to expect; to hope”).
  2. Hanja form? of 망 (“to gaze; to look”).
  3. Hanja form? of 망 (“to admire; to respect”).
  4. Hanja form? of 망 (“to peek; to peep”).

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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望: Hán Nôm readings: vọng

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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