靡

靡 U+9761, 靡 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9761 ← 靠 [U+9760] CJK Unified Ideographs 面 → [U+9762]

Translingual

Han character

靡 (Kangxi radical 175, 非+11, 19 strokes, cangjie input 戈金中一卜 (ICLMY) or 戈木中一卜 (IDLMY), four-corner 0021₁, composition ⿸麻非)

Derived characters

• 孊 㠧 戂 攠 灖 䃺 䊳 釄 䭩 劘 㸏 爢 蘼

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1383, character 2
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42612
• Dae Jaweon: page 1896, character 14
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4088, character 5
• Unihan data for U+9761

Chinese

trad.		靡
simp. #		靡

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (麻) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
麻	*mraːl
痲	*mraːl
犘	*mraːl
縻	*mral
醿	*mral
爢	*mral
蘼	*mral, *mralʔ, *mrɯl
靡	*mralʔ
摩	*maːl, *maːls
魔	*maːl
磨	*maːl, *maːls
劘	*maːl
麽	*maːl
麼	*maːlʔ
塺	*maːls, *mɯːl
麾	*hmral

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *mralʔ) : phonetic 麻 (OC *mraːl) + semantic 非 - to scatter.

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): mǐ (mi³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): mei⁵
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bí

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄧˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mǐ
    • Wade–Giles: mi³
    • Yale: mǐ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mii
    • Palladius: ми (mi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: mei⁵
    • Yale: méih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: mei⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: méi⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mei̯¹³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bí
    • Tâi-lô: bí
    • Phofsit Daibuun: bie
    • IPA (Xiamen): /bi⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /bi⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /bi⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /bi⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /bi⁴¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: mjeX

Rime
Character	靡
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	支 (13)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	文彼切
Baxter	mjeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mˠiᴇX/
Pan Wuyun	/mᵚiɛX/
Shao Rongfen	/miɛX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mjiə̆X/
Li Rong	/mjeX/
Wang Li	/mǐeX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/mie̯X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mei5

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*m(r)ajʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*mralʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	靡	靡	靡	靡
Reading #	2/5	3/5	4/5	5/5
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mǐ	mǐ	mǐ	mǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ mjeX ›	‹ mjeX ›	‹ mjeX ›	‹ mjeX ›
Old Chinese	/*m(r)ajʔ/	/*m(r)ajʔ/	/*m(r)ajʔ/	/*m(r)ajʔ/
English	squander	not have, not exist	fall over	small, tiny
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	靡
Reading #	1/1
No.	8701
Phonetic component	麻
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	靡
Old Chinese	/*mralʔ/

Definitions

靡

1. (literary) to fall down; to collapse; to be swept away

   • 吾視其轍亂，望其旗靡，故逐之。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     吾视其辙乱，望其旗靡，故逐之。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE

     Wú shì qí zhé luàn, wàng qí qí mǐ, gù zhú zhī. [Pinyin]

     But when I examined the enemy's wheel-tracks and found them cries-crossing and looked afar and saw his banners drooping, I advised pursuit.

2. (literary) extravagant; beautiful; splendid
3. (literary) delicate; minute
4. (literary) no; not

   • 侯服於周、天命靡常。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     侯服于周、天命靡常。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Hóu fú yú Zhōu, tiānmìng mǐ cháng. [Pinyin]

     They became subject to Zhou; the appointment of Heaven is not constant.

5. (literary) to not have; to be without

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): mí (mi²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧˊ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): mi²

• Cantonese (Jyutping): mei⁴
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bî

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mí
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄧˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mí
    • Wade–Giles: mi²
    • Yale: mí
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mi
    • Palladius: ми (mi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: mi²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: mi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: mei⁴
    • Yale: mèih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: mei⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: méi⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mei̯²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bî
    • Tâi-lô: bî
    • Phofsit Daibuun: bii
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /bi¹³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /bi²⁴/

---

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*m(r)aj/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	靡
Reading #	1/5
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mí
Middle Chinese	‹ mje ›
Old Chinese	/*m(r)aj/
English	to share with
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions

靡

1. extravagant; wasteful
2. to waste; to squander
3. ^† to extinguish; to eliminate
4. ^† to rotten; to damage
5. ^† to exhaust; to use up
6. ^† to divide; to disperse; to scatter
7. ^† to share

Compounds

• 之死靡他
• 之死靡它
• 低靡
• 侈靡
• 夷靡
• 奓靡
• 奢靡
• 妖靡
• 委靡
• 委靡不振
• 巨細靡遺 / 巨细靡遗 (jùxìmǐyí)
• 從風而靡 / 从风而靡
• 所向披靡
• 披靡 (pīmǐ)
• 旗靡
• 曼靡
• 望風披靡 / 望风披靡
• 望風而靡 / 望风而靡 (wàngfēng'érmǐ)
• 江靡
• 浮靡
• 淫靡 (yínmǐ)
• 猗猗靡靡
• 猗靡
• 當者披靡 / 当者披靡
• 禍福靡常 / 祸福靡常
• 綺靡 / 绮靡
• 胥靡 (xūmí)
• 與世靡爭 / 与世靡争
• 草靡風行 / 草靡风行
• 萍蹤靡定 / 萍踪靡定
• 華靡 / 华靡 (huámǐ)
• 萎靡
• 萎靡不振
• 誇多鬥靡 / 夸多斗靡
• 轍亂旗靡 / 辙乱旗靡 (zhéluànqímǐ)
• 迆靡
• 迤靡
• 阤靡
• 靃靡
• 靡密
• 靡愬
• 靡敝
• 靡散
• 靡曼 (mǐmàn)
• 靡有孑遺 / 靡有孑遗
• 靡然
• 靡然向風 / 靡然向风
• 靡然從風 / 靡然从风
• 靡然鄉風 / 靡然乡风
• 靡爛 / 靡烂
• 靡知所措
• 靡衣偷食
• 靡衣玉食
• 靡費 / 靡费 (mífèi)
• 靡追
• 靡靡 (mǐmǐ)
• 靡靡之樂 / 靡靡之乐 (mǐmǐzhīyuè)
• 靡靡之音 (mǐmǐzhīyīn)
• 靡顏膩理 / 靡颜腻理
• 靡麗 / 靡丽 (mǐlì)
• 頹靡 / 颓靡 (tuímǐ)
• 頹靡不振 / 颓靡不振
• 風行草靡 / 风行草靡
• 風靡 / 风靡 (fēngmǐ)
• 風靡一時 / 风靡一时 (fēngmǐyīshí)
• 風靡雲湧 / 风靡云涌
• 風靡雲蒸 / 风靡云蒸
• 飛靡 / 飞靡
• 鳳靡鸞吪 / 凤靡鸾吪
• 麗靡 / 丽靡

 

References

• “靡”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

靡

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. to wave; to stream; to flutter
2. extravagant; wasteful; to waste
3. to exhaust
4. to spread

Readings

(Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this pronunciation?)

• Go-on: み (mi)^{←み (mi, historical)}
• Kan-on: び (bi)^{←び (bi, historical)}
• On: ひ (hi)
• Kun: なびく (nabiku, 靡く)、なびかす (nabikasu, 靡かす)、ない (nai, 靡い)、なし (nashi, 靡し)

Compounds

• 靡(び)迤(い) (bī)
• 靡(び)貨(か) (bika)
• 靡(び)顔(がん) (bigan)
• 靡(び)傾(けい) (bikei)
• 靡(び)盬(こ) (biko)
• 靡(び)砕(さい) (bisai)
• 靡(び)財(ざい) (bizai)
• 靡(び)散(さん) (bisan)
• 靡(び)然(ぜん) (bizen)
• 靡(び)薄(はく) (bihaku)
• 靡(び)披(ひ) (bihi)
• 靡(び)費(ひ) (bihi)
• 靡(び)靡(び) (bibi)
• 靡(び)敝(へい), 靡(び)弊(へい) (bihei)
• 靡(び)幣(へい) (bihei)
• 靡(び)曼(まん), 靡(び)嫚(まん) (biman)
• 靡(び)濫(らん) (biran)
• 靡(び)爛(らん) (biran)
• 靡(び)麗(れい) (birei)
• 夷(い)靡(び) (ibi)
• 委(い)靡(び) (ibi)
• 猗(い)靡(び) (ibi)
• 萎(い)靡(び) (ibi)
• 陁(い)靡(び) (ibi)
• 阤(い)靡(び) (ibi)
• 淫(いん)靡(び) (inbi)
• 華(か)靡(び) (kabi)
• 綺(き)靡(び) (kibi)
• 旗(き)靡(び) (kibi)
• 軽(けい)靡(び) (keibi)
• 傾靡
• 妍靡
• 侈(し)靡(び) (shibi)
• 奢(しゃ)靡(び) (shabi)
• 従靡
• 胥(しょ)靡(び) (shobi)
• 靃(すい)靡(び) (suibi)
• 繊(せん)靡(び) (senbi)
• 頽靡
• 披(ひ)靡(び) (hibi)
• 微靡
• 浮(ふ)靡(び) (fubi)
• 風(ふう)靡(び) (fūbi)
• 沸(ふつ)靡(び) (futsubi)
• 曼靡
• 離靡
• 麗(れい)靡(び) (reibi)

 

References

• 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014) “靡”, in 字通 (Jitsū)‎^[2] (in Japanese), popular edition, Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

靡 (eum 미 (mi))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

靡: Hán Nôm readings: mị

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.