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From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
U+5DEB, 巫
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5DEB

[U+5DEA]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5DEC]

Translingual

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Han character

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(Kangxi radical 48, +4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 一人人 (MOO), four-corner 10108, composition )

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 325, character 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8728
  • Dae Jaweon: page 629, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 412, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+5DEB

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
alternative forms 𢀣
𢍮
𠮎

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Ancient script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Pictogram (象形) – originally two pieces of jade crossed over each other as used in ancient shamanistic practices focused around sacrifices.

As an alternative, according to Zou Jingheng (鄒景蘅), they represent two crossed over, hence two tools made of bamboo or yarrow stalks; the original meaning should be partly preserved in .

Etymology

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“shaman; witch”
This word initially referred to spirit medium/shaman of either sex, but eventually female when contrasted with (OC *ɡeːɡ, “male shaman”). Various hypotheses exist regarding its etymology (Schuessler, 2007):
  1. Cognate with (OC *maʔ, “to dance”), derived from the original form (OC *ma, “to dance; not to have”), perhaps due to the fact that shamans could engage in ritual dances.
  2. Cognate with (OC *mɯʔ, “female”).
  3. Cognate with འབའ་མོ ('ba' mo, sorceress), from Tibetan འབའ་པོ ('ba' po, magician, sorcerer).
  4. Cognate with (OC *ma, “to deceive”).
  5. Victor Mair (1990) and Jao Tsung-I (1990) proposed that this is a loanword from Old Persian 𐎶𐎦𐎢𐏁 (maguš) (more at Wikipedia: Magus). (Mair, 1990; Mair, 2012).
Thai หมอ (mɔ̌ɔ, doctor) < Proto-Tai *ʰmo:ᴬ (shaman) is generally assumed to be a Sino-Tibetan loan (Pittayaporn, 2014). More at Wu (shaman), Magi#In Chinese sources, magus.
“Malay”
Clipping of 巫來由巫来由 (wūláiyóu), a transcription of Malay Melayu.

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (4)
Final () (24)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter mju
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/mɨo/
Pan
Wuyun
/mio/
Shao
Rongfen
/mio/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/muə̆/
Li
Rong
/mio/
Wang
Li
/mĭu/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/mi̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
mou4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ mju ›
Old
Chinese
/*C.m(r)[o]/
English magician

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 13062
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ma/

Definitions

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  1. shaman; witch; sorcerer; wizard
  2. witch doctor
  3. (chiefly Malaysia, Singapore) Malay; Melayu; relating to ethnic Malays
      ―  tǒng  ―  United Malays National Organisation, UMNO
  4. a surname
      ―  Qǐxián  ―  Eric Moo (Malaysian Chinese singer-songwriter)

Descendants

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  • English: wu

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(Jinmeiyō kanji)

  1. shaman
  2. witch, sorcerer

Readings

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  • Go-on: (mu)
  • Kan-on: (bu)
  • Kan’yō-on: (fu)
  • Kun: みこ (miko, )かんなぎ (kannagi, )

Compounds

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Usage notes

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This is the only kanji added to the jinmeiyō kanji list on 7 January 2015 by the Japanese government; previously classified as hyōgaiji.

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
かんなぎ
Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling

/kamunaɡi//kaɴnaɡi/

From Old Japanese. Originally a compound of (kamu, god, spirit) +‎ 和ぎ (nagi, calming, calming down), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, continuative or stem form) of verb 和ぐ (nagu, to become calm, to become quiet).[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(かんなぎ) (kannagi

  1. (archaic) a medium or shaman, usually female, who acts as a medium between humans and the spirits or gods, helping to communicate between the two and to calm any supernatural or spiritual upset
    Synonyms: 巫女 (miko), 神子 (kanko)

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
こうなぎ
Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling

/kamunaɡi//kaũnaɡi//kaunaɡi//kɔːnaɡi//koːnaɡi/

Shift in pronunciation of the (kamu) element, similar to the pattern seen in terms such as 神戸 (Kōbe).[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(こうなぎ) (kōnagiかうなぎ (kaunagi)?

  1. (archaic, possibly obsolete) a medium or shaman, usually female, who acts as a medium between humans and the spirits or gods, helping to communicate between the two and to calm any supernatural or spiritual upset

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
みこ
Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
巫女みこ
[noun] An unmarried woman who serves at a Shintō shrine, helping to receive visitors and performing 神楽 (kagura) dances at ceremonies, among other responsibilities. A shrine maid.
[noun] An unmarried woman who serves a deity as a medium to convey oracles.
Alternative spellings
神子, 神巫,
(This term, , is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese (MC mju). Recorded as Middle Korean (mwu) (Yale: mwu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 무당 (mudang mu))

  1. hanja form? of (shaman; something related to shamanism)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Việt readings: vu

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.