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神

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

神 U+795E, 神
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-795E
← 祝
[U+795D] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 祟 →
[U+795F]

神 U+FA19, 神
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA19
← 礼
[U+FA18] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 祥 →
[U+FA1A]

Translingual

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Stroke order (Mainland China)
9 strokes

Han character

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神 (Kangxi radical 113, 示+5, 10 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 9 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 戈火中田中 (IFLWL), four-corner 35206, composition ⿰礻申(GHTJV) or ⿰示申(K or U+FA19))

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 842, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24673
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1261, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2392, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+795E

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 神
alternative forms 𥙍
𥛠
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (申) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
電 *l'iːns
胂 *l̥ʰin, *hlin
申 *hlin
伸 *hlin
呻 *hlin
紳 *hlin
眒 *hlin, *hlins
柛 *hlin
訷 *hlin
抻 *hlins
神 *hlin
朄 *lins

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *hlin) : semantic 示 (“god; deity”) + phonetic 申 (OC *hlin, “lightning”).

Originally 申 in the oracle bone script and in some bronze inscriptions. The ancients feared the unpredictable lightning and considered it to be divine or of divine origin. 示 was added for specialization.

Etymology 1

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Possibly Sino-Tibetan; compare Chepang ग्‍लीङ्‌ह (gliŋh, “spirit, mind, soul”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

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Note: sêng5 - Jieyang.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 神
Mandarin Beijing /ʂən³⁵/
Harbin /ʂən²⁴/
Tianjin /ʂən⁴⁵/
/sən⁴⁵/
Jinan /ʂẽ⁴²/
Qingdao /ʃə̃⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʂən⁴²/
Xi'an /ʂẽ²⁴/
Xining /ʂə̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /ʂəŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /ʂə̃n⁵³/
Ürümqi /ʂɤŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /sən²¹³/
Chengdu /sən³¹/
Guiyang /sen²¹/
Kunming /ʂə̃³¹/
Nanjing /ʂən²⁴/
Hefei /ʂən⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /səŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /ʂəŋ¹³/
Hohhot /sə̃ŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /zəŋ²³/
Suzhou /zən¹³/
Hangzhou /zen²¹³/
Wenzhou /zaŋ³¹/
Hui Shexian /ɕiʌ̃⁴⁴/
Tunxi /ɕian⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /ʂən¹³/
Xiangtan /ʂən¹²/
Gan Nanchang /sɨn⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /sən¹¹/
Taoyuan /ʃen¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /sɐn²¹/
Nanning /sɐn²¹/
Hong Kong /sɐn²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /sin³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /siŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /seiŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /siŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /tin³¹/
Rime
Character 神
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 船 (27)
Final (韻) 眞 (43)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 食鄰切
Baxter zyin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʑiɪn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʑin/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʑjen/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʑin/
Li
Rong 		/d͡ʑiĕn/
Wang
Li 		/d͡ʑĭĕn/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/d͡ʑʰi̯ĕn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shén
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		san4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 神
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		shén
Middle
Chinese 		‹ zyin ›
Old
Chinese 		/*Cə.li[n]/
English spirit

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 神
Reading # 1/1
No. 11245
Phonetic
component 		申
Rime
group 		眞
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		神
Old
Chinese 		/*hlin/

Definitions

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神

  1. (religion) god; deity; spirit
    神位  ―  shénwèi  ―  spirit tablet
    財神／财神  ―  cáishén  ―  god of wealth
    死神  ―  sǐshén  ―  god of death
    守護神／守护神  ―  shǒuhùshén  ―  tutelary deity
    無神論／无神论  ―  wúshénlùn  ―  atheism
    一神教  ―  yīshénjiào  ―  monotheism
    1. (Protestantism, specifically) God
  2. spirit; soul; mind
    耗神  ―  hàoshén  ―  to consume one's energy
  3. expression; countenance; appearance
    眼神  ―  yǎnshén  ―  expression in one's eyes
  4. supernatural; magic; psychic
    神巫  ―  shénwū  ―  wizard; sorcerer
  5. extraordinary; unbelievable; sublime
    神童  ―  shéntóng  ―  child prodigy
  6. (dialectal) smart; clever
    這小孩兒太神了。 [MSC, trad.]
    这小孩儿太神了。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè xiǎohái'ér tài shén le. [Pinyin]
    This kid is really smart.
  7. a surname, Shen
  8. (neologism, Internet slang) Sinophobe of Chinese nationality
Synonyms
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  • (god):
Terms for God in different branches of Christianity
Branch Words
Protestant 上帝, 神, 真神
Roman Catholic 天主, 僚氏 Hokkien, historical
Eastern Orthodox 上帝
Church of the East 阿羅訶, 天尊, 真主

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (神):
  • → Japanese: 神(しん) (shin)
  • → Korean: 신(神) (sin)
  • → Vietnamese: thần (神)

Others:

Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Definitions

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神

  1. Only used in 神荼 (Shēnshū).

References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai 神
Kyūjitai
[1]
神
&#xFA19;
or
神+&#xFE00;?
神󠄀
神+&#xE0100;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
神󠄃
神+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

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神

(Third grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 神)

Readings

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Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
神
かみ
Grade: 3
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
神 (kyūjitai)
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

⟨kami2⟩ → */kamɨ/ → /kami/

From Old Japanese, ultimately from Proto-Japonic *kamui.

Not related to 上 (kami1 → kami, “top, upper”) or 髪 (kami, “hair”).

Often appears in compounds as kamu- or kan-, indicating that kami is an unbound form deriving from */kamui/. Such apophony has occurred in other Japanese terms, such as 目 (me, ma-, “eye”) or 酒 (sake, saka-, “sake, liquor”). See also WT:AJPX#Standalone forms and combining forms.

Compare Korean 검 (geom, “god, spirit”) and Ainu カムイ (kamuy, “god”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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神(かみ) • (kami) 

  1. (Shinto) a spirit or an essence present in all things, the main subject of worship of Shinto
  2. (by extension, religion) a deity, god
  3. (by extension) thunder
  4. a Shinto shrine
  5. a person of outstanding talent or skill
  6. (Internet slang, attributive) something amazing; great; fantastic; awesome
    神(かみ)曲(きょく) ― kamikyoku ― amazing song
    神(かみ)ゲー ― kamigē ― amazing game
Quotations
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For quotations using this term, see Citations:神.

Derived terms
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Derived terms
Descendants
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Proper noun

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神(かみ) • (Kami) 

  1. (Christianity) God
Quotations
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For quotations using this term, see Citations:神.

See also
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
神
しん
Grade: 3
kan'on
Alternative spelling
神 (kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese 神 (MC zyin). Compare modern Mandarin 神 (shén).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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神(しん) • (shin) 

  1. (religion) a deity, god, kami
  2. a mysterious or incomprehensible force, compare English act of God
  3. a mind, soul, spirit
  4. Short for 神道 (shintō): Shinto
Derived terms
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Affix

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神(しん) • (shin) 

  1. deity, god, kami
  2. mysterious or incomprehensible force
  3. mind, soul, spirit
  4. Short for 神道 (shintō): Shinto
  5. Short for 神戸 (Kōbe, “Kōbe (a city in Japan)”).
    阪神(はんしん) (hanshin)
Derived terms
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Derived terms

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
神
じん
Grade: 3
goon
Alternative spelling
神 (kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese 神 (MC zyin).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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神(じん) • (jin) 

  1. (rare) Same as しん (shin) above

Affix

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神(じん) • (jin) 

  1. deity, god, kami
  2. mysterious or incomprehensible force
Derived terms
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Derived terms

Etymology 4

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Kanji in this term
神
み
Grade: 3
irregular
Alternative spellings
神 (kyūjitai)
霊

⟨mi1⟩ → */mʲi/ → /mi/

From Old Japanese.

Cognate with 御 (mi-), an honorific prefix originally used to refer to gods and other high-status objects.

Noun

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神(み) • (mi) 

  1. (rare) a god or spirit
Derived terms
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References

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  1. ^ “神”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 神 (MC zyin). Recorded as Middle Korean 신 (sin) (Yale: sin) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

神 (eumhun 귀신 신 (gwisin sin))

  1. hanja form? of 신 (“ghost; spirit; phantom; god”)

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Okinawan

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Kanji

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神

(Third grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 神)

Readings

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
神
かみ
Grade: 3
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
神 (kyūjitai)

From Proto-Ryukyuan *kami.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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神(かみ) (kami) 

  1. a spirit or an essence present in all things
  2. a god, deity

References

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Old Japanese

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Japonic *kamuy.

Can be parsed as a compound of bound apophonic 神 (kamu) +‎ い (i, emphatic nominative particle).

Noun

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神 (kami2) (kana かみ)

  1. a spirit or an essence present in all things
  2. a god, deity
  3. (by extension) an Emperor or Empress regnant of Japan
  4. an evil spirit, such as a snake or wild beast
Quotations
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For quotations using this term, see Citations:神.

Derived terms
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Derived terms
Descendants
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  • Japanese: 神 (kami)

Etymology 2

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Cognate with 御 (mi1-), an honorific prefix originally used to refer to gods and other high-status objects.

Alternative forms

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Noun

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神 (mi1) (kana み)

  1. (rare) a god or spirit
Derived terms
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Descendants
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Vietnamese

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Chữ Hán

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神: Hán Việt readings: thần[1][2][3]
神: Nôm readings: thần[1][2], thằn[1], thườn[3]

Noun

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神 • (thần)

  1. chữ Hán form of thần.
    1. deity
    2. heavenly beings
    3. mind; spirit; look; expression; mien

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
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