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食

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 飠, 饣, and 良
食 U+98DF, 食
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-98DF
← 飞
[U+98DE] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 飠 →
[U+98E0]
⾷ U+2FB7, ⾷
KANGXI RADICAL EAT
← ⾶
[U+2FB6] 		Kangxi Radicals ⾸ →
[U+2FB8]
⻝ U+2EDD, ⻝
CJK RADICAL EAT ONE
← ⻜
[U+2EDC] 		CJK Radicals Supplement ⻞ →
[U+2EDE]

Translingual

[edit]
Stroke order
9 strokes
Stroke order

Alternative forms

[edit]
  • (when used as a left Chinese radical) 𩙿飠／饣

Han character

[edit]
See images of
Radical 184 食

食 (Kangxi radical 184, 食+0, 9 strokes, cangjie input 人戈日女 (OIAV), four-corner 80732, composition ⿱人良(GJ) or ⿱亼艮(HKTV))

  1. Kangxi radical #184, ⾷.

Derived terms

[edit]

Further reading

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1415, character 29
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44014
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1939, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4440, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+98DF

Chinese

[edit]

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (食) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
飤 *ljɯɡs
食 *lɯɡs, *ɦljɯɡ
蝕 *ɦljɯɡ
飾 *hljɯɡ
飭 *l̥ʰɯɡ

Pictogram (象形) : a mouth (亼) over a bowl of rice on a stand. While the current form is 亼+艮, the lower part (bowl of rice on a stand) is the pictogram 皀 and is similar but unrelated 良 or 艮. This is more visible in the form 𠊊.

Shuowen: Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *lɯɡs, *ɦljɯɡ) : phonetic 亼 (OC *zub) + semantic 皀; see 𠊊.

Etymology 1

[edit]
trad. 食
simp. # 食
alternative forms
𠊊
𩚁
𩚀
𩚃
𠋑
𠊊
𩚁
𩚀
𩚃
𠋑
𨢁
 

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m/s/g-ljak.

Pronunciation

[edit]
Note:
  • sĭk - literary;
  • siĕk - vernacular.
Note:
  • si̍t - vernacular (Xiamen, Zhangzhou), literary (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taiwan);
  • se̍k - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 食
Mandarin Beijing /ʂʐ̩³⁵/
Harbin /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Tianjin /ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/
Jinan /ʂʐ̩⁴²/
Qingdao /ʃz̩⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʂʐ̩⁴²/
Xi'an /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Xining /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Yinchuan /ʂʐ̩¹³/
Lanzhou /ʂʐ̩⁵³/
Ürümqi /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
Wuhan /sz̩²¹³/
Chengdu /sz̩³¹/
Guiyang /sz̩²¹/
Kunming /ʂʐ̩³¹/
Nanjing /ʂʐ̩ʔ⁵/
Hefei /ʂəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /səʔ⁵⁴/
Pingyao /ʂʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /səʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /zəʔ¹/
Suzhou /zəʔ³/
Hangzhou /zəʔ²/
Wenzhou /zei²¹³/
Hui Shexian /ɕi²²/
Tunxi /ɕi¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Xiangtan /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /sɨʔ²/
Hakka Meixian /sət̚⁵/
Taoyuan /ʃït̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /sek̚²/
Nanning /sek̚²²/
Hong Kong /sik̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /sik̚⁵/
/t͡siaʔ⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /siʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /si⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡siaʔ⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /sek̚⁵/
/t͡sia³³/
Rime
Character 食
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 船 (27)
Final (韻) 職 (134)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 乗力切
Baxter zyik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʑɨk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʑɨk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʑiek̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʑik̚/
Li
Rong 		/d͡ʑiək̚/
Wang
Li 		/d͡ʑĭək̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/d͡ʑʰi̯ək̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shí
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		sik6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 食
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		shí
Middle
Chinese 		‹ zyik ›
Old
Chinese 		/*mə-lək/
English eat

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 食
Reading # 2/2
No. 11477
Phonetic
component 		食
Rime
group 		職
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese 		/*ɦljɯɡ/

Definitions

[edit]

食

  1. (literary or Cantonese, Hakka) to eat; to have a meal; to take in
    食之無味，棄之可惜 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
    食之无味，弃之可惜 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
    shí zhī wúwèi, qì zhī kěxī [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    你食咗飯未呀？ [Cantonese, trad.]
    你食咗饭未呀？ [Cantonese, simp.]
    nei5 sik6 zo2 faan6 mei6 aa3? [Jyutping]
    Have you eaten yet?
    中國人係揸筷子食飯嘅。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    中国人系揸筷子食饭嘅。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    zung1 gwok3 jan4 hai6 zaa1 faai3 zi2 sik6 faan6 ge3. [Jyutping]
    Chinese people use chopsticks to eat with.
    上星期日我同啲朋友一齊食晚飯。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    上星期日我同啲朋友一齐食晚饭。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    soeng6 sing1 kei4 jat6 ngo5 tung4 di1 pang4 jau5 jat1 cai4 sik6 maan5 faan6. [Jyutping]
    Last Sunday, I ate dinner together with my friends.
  2. (dialectal Cantonese, Hakka) to drink
  3. (Cantonese, Hakka) to take in; to inhale; to smoke
    食煙／食烟 [Cantonese]  ―  sik6 jin1 [Jyutping]  ―  to smoke
    食大麻 [Cantonese]  ―  sik6 daai6 maa4 [Jyutping]  ―  to smoke marijuana
  4. (Cantonese) to consume; to use up
    食電／食电 [Cantonese]  ―  sik6 din6 [Jyutping]  ―  to drain battery
  5. (Cantonese, figurative) to extract; to extort; to absorb; to swallow
    食錢／食钱 [Hong Kong Cantonese]  ―  sik6 cin4-2 [Jyutping]  ―  to swallow banknotes
  6. (Cantonese) to absorb; to get into; to enter; to be stuck inside
  7. (Cantonese, Hakka, board games) to capture
    玩盲棋嘅時候，車可以食馬、炮、士、象、卒。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    玩盲棋嘅时候，车可以食马、炮、士、象、卒。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    waan4-2 maang4 kei4-2 ge3 si4 hau6, geoi1 ho2 ji5 sik6 maa5, paau3, si6, zoeng6, zeot1. [Jyutping]
    When playing blind chess, a rook can capture knights, cannons, advisors, bishops or pawns.
  8. (Cantonese, mahjong) Short for 食糊 (“to win”).
  9. (Cantonese) to receive; to be affected by; to be on the receiving end
    硬食 [Cantonese]  ―  ngaang6 sik6 [Jyutping]  ―  to be forced to accept something
    食風／食风 [Cantonese]  ―  sik6 fung1 [Jyutping]  ―  being blown by wind
  10. (Cantonese) to hit on; to flirt
    食女 [Cantonese]  ―  sik6 neoi5-2 [Jyutping]  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  11. meal; food
  12. edible
    食鹽／食盐  ―  shíyán  ―  table salt
  13. Alternative form of 蝕 / 蚀 (shí, “to eat away; to erode”)
  14. eclipse
    alt. forms: 蝕 / 蚀
Usage notes
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  • When playing mahjong in Cantonese, a player may say this word as a call when winning from another player's discard.
Synonyms
[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 吃 (“to eat”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 食1
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 吃
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 吃
Taiwan 吃
Harbin 吃, 𠯪
Malaysia 吃
Singapore 吃
Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) 吃
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 吃
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 吃
Central Plains Mandarin Wanrong 吃
Xi'an 吃
Lanyin Mandarin Ürümqi 吃
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 吃
Chongqing 吃
Wuhan 吃
Guilin 吃, 𠯪 dated
Liuzhou 吃
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 吃
Yangzhou 吃
Hefei 吃
Cantonese Guangzhou 食1, 吃
Hong Kong 食1, 吃
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 吃
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 吃
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 食1
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 食1
Macau 食1
Guangzhou (Panyu) 食1
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 食1
Guangzhou (Conghua) 食1
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 食1
Foshan 食1
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 食1
Foshan (Shunde) 食1
Foshan (Sanshui) 食1
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 吃
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 吃
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 吃
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 吃
Zhuhai (Doumen) 吃
Jiangmen (Baisha) 食1
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 吃
Taishan 吃
Kaiping (Chikan) 吃
Enping (Niujiang) 吃
Heshan (Yayao) 食1
Dongguan 食1
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 食1
Shenzhen (Dapeng) 食1
Qingyuan 食1
Fogang 食1
Yingde (Hanguang) 食1
Yangshan 吃
Lianshan (Butian) 吃
Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) 吃
Shaoguan 食1
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 食1
Renhua 食1
Lechang 食1
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 吃
Sihui 吃
Guangning 吃
Deqing 吃
Huaiji 吃
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 吃
Yunfu 食1
Xinxing 吃
Luoding 食1
Yunan (Pingtai) 吃
Yangjiang 吃
Xinyi 食1
Maoming (Xinpo) 食1
Lianjiang 食1
Wuchuan (Wuyang) 吃
Nanning 食1
Wuzhou 食1
Yulin 吃
Hepu (Lianzhou) 吃
Hepu (Shatian) 吃
Guiping 食1
Mengshan (Xihe) 吃
Guigang (Nanjiang) 吃
Beiliu (Tangliao) 吃
Baise 吃
Bobai 吃
Lingshan 吃
Pubei 吃
Qinzhou 食1
Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) 吃
Beihai 食1
Beihai (Nankang) 食1
Beihai (Yingpan) 吃, 食1
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 食1
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 食1
Ningming 食1
Hengzhou 吃
Hezhou (Pumen, Babu) 吃
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 食1
Danzhou 吃
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 食1
Penang (Guangfu) 食1
Singapore (Guangfu) 食1
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 食1
Móng Cái 食1
Gan Nanchang 吃
Pingxiang 吃
Hakka Meixian 食1
Xingning 食1
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 食1
Huiyang 食1
Huidong (Daling) 食1
Dongguan (Qingxi) 食1
Boluo (Bendihua) 食1
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 食1
Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 食1
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 食1
Wuhua (Huacheng) 食1
Wuhua (Meilin) 食1
Heyuan (Bendihua) 食1
Zijin 食1
Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua) 食1
Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua) 食1
Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua) 食1
Wengyuan 食1
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 食1
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 食1
Liannan 食1
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 食1
Jiexi 食1
Luhe 食1
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 食1
Changting 食1
Wuping 食1
Wuping (Yanqian) 食1
Wuping (Pingyu) 食1
Liancheng 食1
Ninghua 食1
Yudu 食1
Ruijin 食1
Shicheng 食1
Shangyou (Shexi) 食1
Tonggu (Sandu) 食1
Ganzhou (Panlong) 食1
Dayu 食1
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 食1
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 食1
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 食1
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 食1
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 食1
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 食1
Hong Kong 食1
Yangxi (Tangkou) 食1
Yangchun (Sanjia) 食1
Xinyi (Sihe) 食1
Xinyi (Qianpai) 食1
Gaozhou (Xindong) 食1
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 食1
Huazhou (Xin'an) 食1
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 食1
Lianjiang (Qingping) 食1
Mengshan (Xihe) 食1
Luchuan 食1
Luchuan (Daqiao) 食1
Beiliu (Tang'an) 食1
Mashan (Pianlian) 食1
Senai (Huiyang) 食1
Kuching (Hepo) 食1
Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) 食1
Singapore (Meixian) 食1
Singapore (Dabu) 食1
Huizhou Jixi 吃
Jin Taiyuan 吃
Northern Min Jian'ou 饁
Songxi 饁
Zhenghe 饁
Jianyang 饁
Wuyishan 饁
Pucheng (Shibei) 饁
Eastern Min Fuzhou 食3
Fuzhou (Changle) 食3
Fuqing 食3
Yongtai 食3
Gutian 食3
Fu'an 食3
Ningde 食3
Shouning 食3
Zhouning 食3
Fuding 食3
Matsu 食3
Singapore (Fuqing) 食3
Sitiawan (Gutian) 食3
Southern Min Xiamen 食3, 捋 slang, 唵 childish
Quanzhou 食3, 煰, 捋 slang
Jinjiang 食3
Yongchun 食3
Zhangzhou 食3, 捋 slang, 唵 childish
Zhao'an 食3
Taipei 食3
New Taipei (Sanxia) 食3
Kaohsiung 食3
Yilan 食3
Changhua (Lukang) 食3
Taichung 食3
Tainan 食3
Hsinchu 食3
Kinmen 食3
Penghu (Magong) 食3
Penang (Hokkien) 食3
Singapore (Hokkien) 食3
Manila (Hokkien) 食3, 唵唵 childish
Medan (Hokkien) 食3
Longyan 食3
Zhangping 食3
Zhangping (Yongfu) 食3
Pingnan (Shangdu) 食3
Chaozhou 食3
Shantou 食3
Shantou (Chenghai) 食3
Shantou (Chaoyang) 食3
Jieyang 食3
Haifeng 食3
Bangkok (Teochew) 食3
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 食3
Singapore (Teochew) 食3
Batam (Teochew) 食3
Pontianak (Teochew) 食3
Wenchang 食3
Haikou 食3
Qionghai 食3
Singapore (Hainanese) 食3
Puxian Min Putian 食3
Xianyou 食3
Central Min Yong'an 饁
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 吃
Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 食3
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 吃
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 吃
Wu Shanghai 吃
Shanghai (Chongming) 吃
Suzhou 吃
Hangzhou 吃
Wenzhou 吃
Jinhua 吃
Xiang Changsha 吃
Loudi 吃
Shuangfeng 吃
Dialectal synonyms of 喝 (“to drink”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 飲
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 喝
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 喝
Taiwan 喝
Harbin 喝
Malaysia 喝
Singapore 喝
Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) 喝
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 喝
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 喝
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 喝
Wanrong 喝
Xi'an 喝
Xining 喝
Xuzhou 喝, 吃
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 喝
Lanzhou 喝
Ürümqi 喝
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 吃, 喝
Wuhan 喝, 呵, 汩
Guiyang 吃, 喝, 汩
Guilin 喝
Liuzhou 吃, 喝
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 吃, 喝
Yangzhou 吃, 喝
Hefei 喝
Cantonese Guangzhou 飲, 呷
Hong Kong 飲, 呷
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 飲
Macau 飲
Guangzhou (Panyu) 飲
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 飲
Guangzhou (Conghua) 飲
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 飲
Foshan 飲
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 飲
Foshan (Shunde) 飲
Foshan (Sanshui) 飲
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 飲
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 飲
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 飲
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 飲
Zhuhai (Doumen) 飲
Jiangmen (Baisha) 飲
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 飲
Taishan 飲
Kaiping (Chikan) 飲
Enping (Niujiang) 飲
Heshan (Yayao) 飲
Dongguan 飲, 食1, 呷
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 飲
Yangjiang 呷, 吃
Wuzhou 飲
Hepu (Lianzhou) 吃
Hepu (Shatian) 飲
Qinzhou 飲
Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) 飲
Beihai 食1
Beihai (Nankang) 飲
Beihai (Yingpan) 飲
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 飲
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 飲
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 飲, 食1
Danzhou 吃
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 飲
Penang (Guangfu) 飲
Singapore (Guangfu) 飲
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 飲
Móng Cái 飲
Gan Nanchang 吃
Lichuan 吃
Pingxiang 吃
Hakka Meixian 食1, 啉, 飲, 啜
Xingning 食1
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 飲
Huiyang 食1
Huidong (Daling) 食1
Dongguan (Qingxi) 食1
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 食1
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 食1, 飲
Wuhua (Huacheng) 食1
Wuhua (Meilin) 食1
Heyuan (Bendihua) 食1
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 食1
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 食1
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 飲
Jiexi 食1
Changting 食1
Wuping 食1
Wuping (Pingyu) 食1
Liancheng 食1
Ninghua 食1
Yudu 食1
Ruijin 食1
Shicheng 食1
Shangyou (Shexi) 食1
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 食1, 啉, 飲
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 食1, 啉, 飲
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 食1, 啉, 飲
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 食1, 啉, 飲
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 食1, 啉, 飲
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 啉, 食1
Hong Kong 食1
Luchuan 食1
Kuching (Hepo) 食1, 飲, 啉
Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) 食1
Huizhou Jixi 吃
Jin Taiyuan 喝
Xinzhou 喝
Northern Min Jian'ou 啜, 饁
Eastern Min Fuzhou 啜, 食3
Singapore (Fuqing) 食3
Sitiawan (Gutian) 食3
Southern Min Xiamen 啉, 食3, 哈 alcohol, 啜 usually soup
Xiamen (Tong'an) 啉
Quanzhou 啉, 食3, 哈 alcohol, 啜 usually soup
Jinjiang 啉
Zhangzhou 啉, 食3, 啜 usually soup
Zhao'an 食3, 啉
Taipei 啉
New Taipei (Sanxia) 啉
Kaohsiung 啉
Yilan 啉, 哈, 食3
Changhua (Lukang) 啉
Taichung 啉
Tainan 啉, 哈, 食3, 灌
Hsinchu 啉, 哈
Kinmen 啉
Penghu (Magong) 食3, 啉
Penang (Hokkien) 啉
Singapore (Hokkien) 啉
Manila (Hokkien) 啉
Medan (Hokkien) 啉
Chaozhou 食3, 啉
Shantou 食3, 啉
Shantou (Chenghai) 食3, 啉
Jieyang 食3, 啉
Haifeng 食3
Singapore (Teochew) 食3
Batam (Teochew) 食3
Pontianak (Teochew) 食3, 啉
Leizhou 啜, 食3
Wenchang 啜, 食3
Haikou 啜, 食3
Qionghai 啜, 食3
Singapore (Hainanese) 食3, 啜
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 飲
Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 飲
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 飲, 吃, 呷
Wu Shanghai 吃, 呷, 呼
Shanghai (Chongming) 吃
Suzhou 吃, 呷, 呼
Danyang 吃
Hangzhou 吃
Hangzhou (Yuhang) 吃
Ningbo 吃
Wenzhou 呷, 吃
Jinhua 吃, 呷
Xiang Changsha 吃
Loudi 吃
Shuangfeng 吃, 呵
Dialectal synonyms of 吃 (“(board games) to capture”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 吃
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 吃
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 吃
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 吃
Lanyin Mandarin Ürümqi 吃
Southwestern Mandarin Wuhan 吃
Liuzhou 吃
Cantonese Hong Kong 食1
Taishan 吃
Gan Pingxiang 吃
Hakka Meixian 食1
Guangzhou (Zhengguo, Zengcheng) 食1
Eastern Min Fuzhou 食3
Southern Min Xiamen 食3
Leizhou 食3
Wu Shanghai 吃

Compounds

[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]
trad. 食
simp. # 食
alternative forms 𠊊

The *s- causative of Etymology 1.

Pronunciation

[edit]
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 食
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		sì
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ziH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*s-m-lək-s/
English feed (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions

[edit]

食

  1. Original form of 飼／饲 (sì, “to feed; to make ... eat or cause ... to eat”).

Etymology 3

[edit]
trad. 食
simp. # 食
alternative forms 吃
𠋡 Eastern Min
呷 Min Nan
噍 Min Nan

Kwok (2018) reconstructs Proto-Southern Min *tsiaʔ⁸ and tentatively reconstructs Proto-Min *dziak (in Norman's system).

While often considered as the vernacular counterpart to etymology 1, it is unlikely to be related to etymology 1 (Norman, 1991; Klöter, 2005; Fuehrer and Yang, 2014). Schuessler (2007) suggests it derives from 嚼 (“to chew”) (probably based on Norman's unpublished manuscripts).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Definitions

[edit]

食

  1. (Coastal Min) to eat; to have a meal; to take in
    食飯／食饭 [Hokkien]  ―  chia̍h-pn̄g [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  to eat rice; to have a meal
    汝食飽未？／汝食饱未？ [Hokkien]  ―  Lí chia̍h pá bōe? [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  Have you eaten yet?
  2. (Coastal Min) to drink
    食茶 [Teochew]  ―  ziah8 tê5 [Peng'im]  ―  to drink tea
    食燒酒／食烧酒 [Hokkien]  ―  chia̍h sio-chiú [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  to drink rice wine
  3. (Coastal Min) to take in; to inhale; to smoke
    食薰 [Hokkien]  ―  chia̍h-hun [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  to inhale smoke; to smoke
  4. (Southern Min) to embezzle; to misappropriate (money)
    食鐳／食镭 [Hokkien]  ―  chia̍h-lui [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  to embezzle money
  5. (Eastern Min, Hokkien, Leizhou Min, board games) to capture
  6. (Southern Min) to consume; to use up
  7. (Hokkien) to suffer; to endure; to bear
  8. (Hokkien, mahjong) to chow
  9. (Hokkien, Leizhou Min) to dine at (a certain food establishment)
    食菜館／食菜馆 [Hokkien]  ―  chia̍h-chhài-koán [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  to dine at a restaurant
  10. (Southern Min) to rely on; to depend on
  11. (Hokkien, Leizhou Min) to engage in; to undertake; to do (for a living)
  12. (Southern Min) to live; to grow up
  13. (Mainland China Hokkien) to pick on; to bully; to push around
  14. (Mainland China Hokkien) to make a decision; to resolve to
  15. (Taiwanese Hokkien) to colour; to dye
  16. (Penang Hokkien, Teochew) cuisine
    Synonym: 菜 (cài)
    廣東食／广东食 [Teochew]  ―  [translit?] [Peng'im]  ―  Guangdong food
  17. (Leizhou Min) to be eaten away (by insects, etc.)
Usage notes
[edit]
  • When playing mahjong in Hokkien, a player may say this word as a call when forming a chowing another player's discard.
Synonyms
[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 吃 (“to eat”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 食1
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 吃
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 吃
Taiwan 吃
Harbin 吃, 𠯪
Malaysia 吃
Singapore 吃
Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) 吃
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 吃
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 吃
Central Plains Mandarin Wanrong 吃
Xi'an 吃
Lanyin Mandarin Ürümqi 吃
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 吃
Chongqing 吃
Wuhan 吃
Guilin 吃, 𠯪 dated
Liuzhou 吃
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 吃
Yangzhou 吃
Hefei 吃
Cantonese Guangzhou 食1, 吃
Hong Kong 食1, 吃
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 吃
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 吃
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 食1
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 食1
Macau 食1
Guangzhou (Panyu) 食1
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 食1
Guangzhou (Conghua) 食1
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 食1
Foshan 食1
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 食1
Foshan (Shunde) 食1
Foshan (Sanshui) 食1
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 吃
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 吃
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 吃
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 吃
Zhuhai (Doumen) 吃
Jiangmen (Baisha) 食1
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 吃
Taishan 吃
Kaiping (Chikan) 吃
Enping (Niujiang) 吃
Heshan (Yayao) 食1
Dongguan 食1
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 食1
Shenzhen (Dapeng) 食1
Qingyuan 食1
Fogang 食1
Yingde (Hanguang) 食1
Yangshan 吃
Lianshan (Butian) 吃
Lianzhou (Qingshui; Sihui) 吃
Shaoguan 食1
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 食1
Renhua 食1
Lechang 食1
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 吃
Sihui 吃
Guangning 吃
Deqing 吃
Huaiji 吃
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 吃
Yunfu 食1
Xinxing 吃
Luoding 食1
Yunan (Pingtai) 吃
Yangjiang 吃
Xinyi 食1
Maoming (Xinpo) 食1
Lianjiang 食1
Wuchuan (Wuyang) 吃
Nanning 食1
Wuzhou 食1
Yulin 吃
Hepu (Lianzhou) 吃
Hepu (Shatian) 吃
Guiping 食1
Mengshan (Xihe) 吃
Guigang (Nanjiang) 吃
Beiliu (Tangliao) 吃
Baise 吃
Bobai 吃
Lingshan 吃
Pubei 吃
Qinzhou 食1
Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) 吃
Beihai 食1
Beihai (Nankang) 食1
Beihai (Yingpan) 吃, 食1
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 食1
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 食1
Ningming 食1
Hengzhou 吃
Hezhou (Pumen, Babu) 吃
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 食1
Danzhou 吃
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 食1
Penang (Guangfu) 食1
Singapore (Guangfu) 食1
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 食1
Móng Cái 食1
Gan Nanchang 吃
Pingxiang 吃
Hakka Meixian 食1
Xingning 食1
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 食1
Huiyang 食1
Huidong (Daling) 食1
Dongguan (Qingxi) 食1
Boluo (Bendihua) 食1
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 食1
Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 食1
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 食1
Wuhua (Huacheng) 食1
Wuhua (Meilin) 食1
Heyuan (Bendihua) 食1
Zijin 食1
Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua) 食1
Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua) 食1
Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua) 食1
Wengyuan 食1
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 食1
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 食1
Liannan 食1
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 食1
Jiexi 食1
Luhe 食1
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 食1
Changting 食1
Wuping 食1
Wuping (Yanqian) 食1
Wuping (Pingyu) 食1
Liancheng 食1
Ninghua 食1
Yudu 食1
Ruijin 食1
Shicheng 食1
Shangyou (Shexi) 食1
Tonggu (Sandu) 食1
Ganzhou (Panlong) 食1
Dayu 食1
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 食1
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 食1
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 食1
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 食1
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 食1
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 食1
Hong Kong 食1
Yangxi (Tangkou) 食1
Yangchun (Sanjia) 食1
Xinyi (Sihe) 食1
Xinyi (Qianpai) 食1
Gaozhou (Xindong) 食1
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 食1
Huazhou (Xin'an) 食1
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 食1
Lianjiang (Qingping) 食1
Mengshan (Xihe) 食1
Luchuan 食1
Luchuan (Daqiao) 食1
Beiliu (Tang'an) 食1
Mashan (Pianlian) 食1
Senai (Huiyang) 食1
Kuching (Hepo) 食1
Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) 食1
Singapore (Meixian) 食1
Singapore (Dabu) 食1
Huizhou Jixi 吃
Jin Taiyuan 吃
Northern Min Jian'ou 饁
Songxi 饁
Zhenghe 饁
Jianyang 饁
Wuyishan 饁
Pucheng (Shibei) 饁
Eastern Min Fuzhou 食3
Fuzhou (Changle) 食3
Fuqing 食3
Yongtai 食3
Gutian 食3
Fu'an 食3
Ningde 食3
Shouning 食3
Zhouning 食3
Fuding 食3
Matsu 食3
Singapore (Fuqing) 食3
Sitiawan (Gutian) 食3
Southern Min Xiamen 食3, 捋 slang, 唵 childish
Quanzhou 食3, 煰, 捋 slang
Jinjiang 食3
Yongchun 食3
Zhangzhou 食3, 捋 slang, 唵 childish
Zhao'an 食3
Taipei 食3
New Taipei (Sanxia) 食3
Kaohsiung 食3
Yilan 食3
Changhua (Lukang) 食3
Taichung 食3
Tainan 食3
Hsinchu 食3
Kinmen 食3
Penghu (Magong) 食3
Penang (Hokkien) 食3
Singapore (Hokkien) 食3
Manila (Hokkien) 食3, 唵唵 childish
Medan (Hokkien) 食3
Longyan 食3
Zhangping 食3
Zhangping (Yongfu) 食3
Pingnan (Shangdu) 食3
Chaozhou 食3
Shantou 食3
Shantou (Chenghai) 食3
Shantou (Chaoyang) 食3
Jieyang 食3
Haifeng 食3
Bangkok (Teochew) 食3
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 食3
Singapore (Teochew) 食3
Batam (Teochew) 食3
Pontianak (Teochew) 食3
Wenchang 食3
Haikou 食3
Qionghai 食3
Singapore (Hainanese) 食3
Puxian Min Putian 食3
Xianyou 食3
Central Min Yong'an 饁
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 吃
Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 食3
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 吃
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 吃
Wu Shanghai 吃
Shanghai (Chongming) 吃
Suzhou 吃
Hangzhou 吃
Wenzhou 吃
Jinhua 吃
Xiang Changsha 吃
Loudi 吃
Shuangfeng 吃
Dialectal synonyms of 喝 (“to drink”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 飲
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 喝
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 喝
Taiwan 喝
Harbin 喝
Malaysia 喝
Singapore 喝
Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) 喝
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 喝
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 喝
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 喝
Wanrong 喝
Xi'an 喝
Xining 喝
Xuzhou 喝, 吃
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 喝
Lanzhou 喝
Ürümqi 喝
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 吃, 喝
Wuhan 喝, 呵, 汩
Guiyang 吃, 喝, 汩
Guilin 喝
Liuzhou 吃, 喝
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 吃, 喝
Yangzhou 吃, 喝
Hefei 喝
Cantonese Guangzhou 飲, 呷
Hong Kong 飲, 呷
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 飲
Macau 飲
Guangzhou (Panyu) 飲
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 飲
Guangzhou (Conghua) 飲
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 飲
Foshan 飲
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 飲
Foshan (Shunde) 飲
Foshan (Sanshui) 飲
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 飲
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 飲
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 飲
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 飲
Zhuhai (Doumen) 飲
Jiangmen (Baisha) 飲
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 飲
Taishan 飲
Kaiping (Chikan) 飲
Enping (Niujiang) 飲
Heshan (Yayao) 飲
Dongguan 飲, 食1, 呷
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 飲
Yangjiang 呷, 吃
Wuzhou 飲
Hepu (Lianzhou) 吃
Hepu (Shatian) 飲
Qinzhou 飲
Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) 飲
Beihai 食1
Beihai (Nankang) 飲
Beihai (Yingpan) 飲
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 飲
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 飲
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 飲, 食1
Danzhou 吃
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 飲
Penang (Guangfu) 飲
Singapore (Guangfu) 飲
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 飲
Móng Cái 飲
Gan Nanchang 吃
Lichuan 吃
Pingxiang 吃
Hakka Meixian 食1, 啉, 飲, 啜
Xingning 食1
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 飲
Huiyang 食1
Huidong (Daling) 食1
Dongguan (Qingxi) 食1
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 食1
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 食1, 飲
Wuhua (Huacheng) 食1
Wuhua (Meilin) 食1
Heyuan (Bendihua) 食1
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 食1
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 食1
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 飲
Jiexi 食1
Changting 食1
Wuping 食1
Wuping (Pingyu) 食1
Liancheng 食1
Ninghua 食1
Yudu 食1
Ruijin 食1
Shicheng 食1
Shangyou (Shexi) 食1
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 食1, 啉, 飲
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 食1, 啉, 飲
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 食1, 啉, 飲
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 食1, 啉, 飲
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 食1, 啉, 飲
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 啉, 食1
Hong Kong 食1
Luchuan 食1
Kuching (Hepo) 食1, 飲, 啉
Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) 食1
Huizhou Jixi 吃
Jin Taiyuan 喝
Xinzhou 喝
Northern Min Jian'ou 啜, 饁
Eastern Min Fuzhou 啜, 食3
Singapore (Fuqing) 食3
Sitiawan (Gutian) 食3
Southern Min Xiamen 啉, 食3, 哈 alcohol, 啜 usually soup
Xiamen (Tong'an) 啉
Quanzhou 啉, 食3, 哈 alcohol, 啜 usually soup
Jinjiang 啉
Zhangzhou 啉, 食3, 啜 usually soup
Zhao'an 食3, 啉
Taipei 啉
New Taipei (Sanxia) 啉
Kaohsiung 啉
Yilan 啉, 哈, 食3
Changhua (Lukang) 啉
Taichung 啉
Tainan 啉, 哈, 食3, 灌
Hsinchu 啉, 哈
Kinmen 啉
Penghu (Magong) 食3, 啉
Penang (Hokkien) 啉
Singapore (Hokkien) 啉
Manila (Hokkien) 啉
Medan (Hokkien) 啉
Chaozhou 食3, 啉
Shantou 食3, 啉
Shantou (Chenghai) 食3, 啉
Jieyang 食3, 啉
Haifeng 食3
Singapore (Teochew) 食3
Batam (Teochew) 食3
Pontianak (Teochew) 食3, 啉
Leizhou 啜, 食3
Wenchang 啜, 食3
Haikou 啜, 食3
Qionghai 啜, 食3
Singapore (Hainanese) 食3, 啜
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 飲
Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 飲
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 飲, 吃, 呷
Wu Shanghai 吃, 呷, 呼
Shanghai (Chongming) 吃
Suzhou 吃, 呷, 呼
Danyang 吃
Hangzhou 吃
Hangzhou (Yuhang) 吃
Ningbo 吃
Wenzhou 呷, 吃
Jinhua 吃, 呷
Xiang Changsha 吃
Loudi 吃
Shuangfeng 吃, 呵
Dialectal synonyms of 吃 (“(board games) to capture”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 吃
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 吃
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 吃
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 吃
Lanyin Mandarin Ürümqi 吃
Southwestern Mandarin Wuhan 吃
Liuzhou 吃
Cantonese Hong Kong 食1
Taishan 吃
Gan Pingxiang 吃
Hakka Meixian 食1
Guangzhou (Zhengguo, Zengcheng) 食1
Eastern Min Fuzhou 食3
Southern Min Xiamen 食3
Leizhou 食3
Wu Shanghai 吃
Dialectal synonyms of 吃 (“to chow (mahjong)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 吃
Singapore 吃
Cantonese Hong Kong 上
Southern Min Taipei 食3 GT
Singapore (Hokkien) 食3
Wu Ningbo 吃
Note GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

Compounds

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]
  • → Indonesian: ciak
  • → Thai: เจี๊ยะ (jía)

Etymology 4

[edit]
trad. 食
simp. # 食

From Proto-Min *jiap or *jiat (“to eat”). While sometimes considered as the vernacular counterpart to etymology 1, it may be from 饁 (*ɢrab, “to carry food to workers in the field”) (Norman, 1991; Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Definitions

[edit]

食

  1. (Inland Min) Alternative form of 饁 / 馌 (“to eat”)

Etymology 5

[edit]
trad. 食
simp. # 食

Pronunciation

[edit]
Rime
Character 食
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 之 (19)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 羊吏切
Baxter yiH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/jɨH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/jɨH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ieH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/jɨH/
Li
Rong 		/iəH/
Wang
Li 		/jĭəH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/iH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ji6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 食
Reading # 1/2
No. 11476
Phonetic
component 		食
Rime
group 		代
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		異
Old
Chinese 		/*lɯɡs/

Definitions

[edit]

食

  1. Used in an ancient personal name.
    酈食其／郦食其  ―  Lì Yìjī  ―  Li Yiji (an advisor to Liu Bang)

References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai 食
Kyūjitai
[1][2]
食󠄁
食+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
食󠄃
食+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

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食

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. to eat
  2. a meal

Readings

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From Middle Chinese 食 (MC zyik); compare Mandarin 食 (shí):

  • Go-on: じき (jiki, Jōyō †)
  • Kan-on: しょく (shoku, Jōyō)

From Middle Chinese 食 (MC ziH); compare Mandarin 食 (sì):

From Middle Chinese 食 (MC yiH); compare Mandarin 食 (yì):

From native Japanese roots:

Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
食
うか
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Unbound apophonic form 食 (uke).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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食(うか) • (uka) 

  1. food
  2. grain

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
食
うけ
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

uka + i → uke2 → uke. Bound apophonic form 食 (uka).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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食(うけ) • (uke) 

  1. food

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
食
け
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Cognate with 笥 (ke).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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食(け) • (ke) 

  1. food
    御(み)食(け)つ国(くに)
    mi ke tsu kuni
    the land of foods

Etymology 4

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Kanji in this term
食
しょく
Grade: 2
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 食 (MC zyik).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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食(しょく) • (shoku) 

  1. a meal
  2. foodstuff
Derived terms
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Derived terms

Etymology 5

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Kanji in this term
食
しょく
Grade: 2
kan'on
Alternative spelling
蝕

From Middle Chinese 蝕 (MC zyik, “to eat away at, to erode; to eclipse”), originally the same word in Old Chinese as 食 (MC zyik, “to eat”).

First attested in the 延喜式 (Engishiki) of 927.[5]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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食(しょく) • (shoku) 

  1. [from 927] 食, 蝕: (astronomy) eclipse (often, but not exclusively, of the sun or the moon)
    Synonyms: 日食 (nisshoku, “solar eclipse”), 月食 (gesshoku, “lunar eclipse”)
    • 2015, 田原真人, これだけ! 高校物理 波･音･光 波動編, 秀和システム, →ISBN, page 97:
      レーマーが木(もく)星(せい)の衛(えい)星(せい)の１(ひと)つであるイオの食(しょく)の周(しゅう)期(き)を測(そく)定(てい)したところ、一(いっ)定(てい)ではなく、地(ち)球(きゅう)の公(こう)転(てん)に伴(ともな)い変(へん)動(どう)することがわかりました。
      Rēmā ga Mokusei no eisei no hitotsu de aru Io no shoku no shūki o sokutei shita tokoro, ittei de wa naku, Chikyū no kōten ni tomonai hendō suru koto ga wakarimashita.
      When Rømer measured the period of the eclipses of Io, one of Jupiter's satellites, he discovered that it was not constant but fluctuated with the Earth's revolution.
Derived terms
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References

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  1. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 2332 (paper), page 1218 (digital)
  2. ^ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 1372 (paper), page 699 (digital)
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. ^ “蝕・食”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

Korean

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Etymology 1

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From Middle Chinese 食 (MC zyik).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

食 (eumhun 밥 식 (bap sik))
食 (eumhun 먹을 식 (meogeul sik))

  1. Hanja form? of 식 (“meal; food”).
  2. (literary) Hanja form? of 식 (“to eat”).

Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 2

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Related to Middle Chinese 飼 (MC ziH).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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食 (eumhun 먹이 사 (meogi sa))

  1. (literary) Hanja form? of 사 (“feed”).

Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 3

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From Middle Chinese 食 (MC yiH).

Historical readings

Hanja

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食 (eumhun 사람 이름 이 (saram ireum i))

  1. Hanja form? of 이 (“used in personal names”).

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [4]

Kunigami

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Kanji

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食

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Miyako

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Kanji

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食

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Okinawan

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Kanji

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食

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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食: Hán Việt readings: thực (乘(thừa)力(lực)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5], tự[3]
食: Nôm readings: thực[2][4][6], xực[1]

  1. Chữ Hán form of thực (“food; meal”).

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Bonet (1899).
  5. ^ Génibrel (1898).
  6. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

Yaeyama

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Kanji

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食

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Yonaguni

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Kanji

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食

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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