Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/m/s/g-ljak
Appearance
Proto-Sino-Tibetan
[edit]Etymology
[edit]- Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *liek (Coblin, 1986)
- Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *m-lyak ⪤ *s-lyak ⪤ *g-lyak (Matisoff, STEDT); *(m-)lyak ~ (s-)lyak (Benedict, 1972; Weidert, 1987; Coblin, 1986); *m-lyak ⪤ *s-lyak (LaPolla, 1987; Michailovsky, 1991)
Other cognate roots in STEDT:
- *m/s-laj ~ s-lej (“tongue”)
- *s-l(j)a (“tongue”)
- *s-ljam (“tongue, flame”)
- *s-ljaːw (“to lick, tongue”)
The words for "to lick" and "tongue" in many languages have similar shapes, compare:
- Indo-European
- Proto-Indo-European: *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s (“tongue”) (English tongue, Latin lingua; the change *dn̥- to l- occured in three branches: Lithuanian, Armenian, Latin)
- Proto-Indo-European: *leyǵʰ- (“to lick”) (English lick, Latin lingō)
- Hmong-Mien
- Proto-Hmong-Mien: *mblet (“tongue”) (Hmong RPA nplaig)
- Tai-Kadai
- Austroasiatic:
- Austronesian:
- Proto-Malayo-Polynesian: *dilaq (“tongue”) (Malay lidah)
- Malay: jilat/dilat ("to lick")
- Afroasiatic: *lis- ("tongue"), *lVḳ- ("to lick")
- Kartvelian:
- Proto-Kartvelian *loḳ- (“to lick”) (Georgian: ლოკვა (loḳva, “to lick”))
Verb
[edit]*g-ljak
- to lick
Noun
[edit]*g-ljak
Descendants
[edit]Descendants listed hereafter are mainly for words with the sense "to lick" only. Words with the sense "tongue" in daughter languages are mostly cognate to these and can be found at *m/s-laj ~ s-lej.
- Old Chinese:
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→ Japanese: 食 (しょく, shoku)
Korean: 식 (食, sik)
Vietnamese: thực (食)
- Modern Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Himalayish
- Tibeto-Kanauri
- Bodic
- Tibetan
- Written Tibetan: ལྡག་པ (ldag pa, “to lick”)
- Tibetan
- Bodic
- Tibeto-Kanauri
- Lolo-Burmese-Naxi
- Proto-Karen: *hlajᴮ (Luangthongkum, 2013)
- S'gaw Karen: လ့ၣ် (laỳ, “to lick; to lap”)
- Proto-Kuki-Chin: *liak
- Khomic
- Khumi Chin: bäleite (“to lick”)
- Khomic
See also
[edit]- *dz(j)a-k/n/t/s (“to eat”)