食う
Appearance
Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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食 |
く Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spellings |
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喰う 喫う (rare) |
Etymology
[edit]/kupu/ → */kuwu/ → /kuu/
From Old Japanese.[1]
The medial /w/ vanishes because Japanese does not have a /wu/ phoneme. It surfaces though in various conjugations, such as the negative form kuwanai or the passive form kuwareru.
Possibly cognate with 口 (kuchi, “mouth”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「食う」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
食う | くう | [kúꜜù] |
Imperative (命令形) | 食え | くえ | [kúꜜè] |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 食われる | くわれる | [kùwáréꜜrù] |
Causative | 食わせる | くわせる | [kùwáséꜜrù] |
Potential | 食える | くえる | [kùéꜜrù] |
Volitional | 食おう | くおー | [kùóꜜò] |
Negative | 食わない | くわない | [kùwáꜜnàì] |
Negative perfective | 食わなかった | くわなかった | [kùwáꜜnàkàttà] |
Formal | 食います | くいます | [kùímáꜜsù] |
Perfective | 食った | くった | [kúꜜttà] |
Conjunctive | 食って | くって | [kúꜜttè] |
Hypothetical conditional | 食えば | くえば | [kúꜜèbà] |
Verb
[edit]食う • (kuu) ←くふ (kufu)?transitive godan (stem 食い (kui), past 食った (kutta))
- to put something in one's mouth
- (colloquial) to eat, to devour
- to make a living, to live; to survive
- to tease, to taunt, to make light of, to make fun of; to torment
- to bite, to sting (of an insect, usually used in the passive)
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "食う" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 食わ | くわ | kuwa |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 食い | くい | kui |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 食う | くう | kuu |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 食う | くう | kuu |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 食え | くえ | kue |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 食え | くえ | kue |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 食われる | くわれる | kuwareru |
Causative | 食わせる 食わす |
くわせる くわす |
kuwaseru kuwasu |
Potential | 食える | くえる | kueru |
Volitional | 食おう | くおう | kuō |
Negative | 食わない | くわない | kuwanai |
Negative continuative | 食わず | くわず | kuwazu |
Formal | 食います | くいます | kuimasu |
Perfective | 食った | くった | kutta |
Conjunctive | 食って | くって | kutte |
Hypothetical conditional | 食えば | くえば | kueba |
Synonyms
[edit]- (to eat): 食べる (taberu), 食む (hamu); (honorific) 召し上がる (meshiagaru)
- (to tease, torment): 苛める (ijimeru), からかう (karakau)
- (insect bite): 刺す (sasu)
Derived terms
[edit]- 崩ゆ, 潰ゆ, 壊ゆ (kuyu): obsolete for 崩える, 潰える, 壊える
- 崩, 潰 (kue): erosion
- 崩える, 潰える, 壊える (kueru): to erode, to be eaten away, to fall apart, to break
- 桑 (kuwa): a mulberry
- 銜う, 啣える, 咥える (kuwau): obsolete for 銜える, 啣える, 咥える
- 加う (kuwau): obsolete for 加える
- 銜える, 啣える, 咥える (kuwaeru): to hold in one's mouth
- 加える (kuwaeru): to add something, to increase or develop something; to inflict
- 加わる (kuwawaru): to increase, to grow; to be added on to something else; to join in
- 蓼食う虫も好き好き (tade kuu mushi mo sukizuki): there's no accounting for taste
References
[edit]- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 食 read as く
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese transitive verbs
- Japanese godan verbs
- Japanese godan verbs ending with -u
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese colloquialisms
- Japanese terms with usage examples