exile

See also: Exile and exilé

English

Etymology

From Middle English exil, borrowed from Old French essil, exil, from Latin exsilium, exilium (“state of exile”), derived from exsul, exul (“exiled person”).

Pronunciation

• (UK, US) IPA^(key): /ˈɛɡˌzaɪl/, /ˈɛkˌsaɪl/
• (obsolete, for the verb) IPA^(key): /ɪɡˈzaɪl/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Hyphenation: ex‧ile

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

Noun

exile (countable and uncountable, plural exiles)

1. (uncountable) The state of being banished from one's home or country.

   Synonym: banishment

   He lived in exile.

   They chose exile rather than assimilation.

   • c. 1590–1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Two Gentlemen of Verona”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene iv]:

     Let them be recalled from their exile.

   • 2024 September 4, Vitali Vitaliev, “A salute to Ukraine's 'Second Army'”, in RAIL, number 1017, page 49:

     My son, a Canada-based IT professional who often travels to Ukraine, told me about the exhilarating atmosphere on those Ukraine-bound trains, bringing home hundreds of the unwilling refugees, mostly women and children (including the babies, born in exile on the way to meet their Ukrainian fighter fathers for the first time). The difference between Ukrainian refugees and other reluctant exiles is that Ukrainians are desperate to return.

2. (countable) Someone who is banished from his home or country.

   Synonym: expatriate

   She lived as an exile, and did her best to make the most out of such life.

   • c. 1588–1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Lamentable Tragedy of Titus Andronicus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:

     Thou art an exile, and thou must not stay.

   • 2024 September 4, Vitali Vitaliev, “A salute to Ukraine's 'Second Army'”, in RAIL, number 1017, page 49:

     My son, a Canada-based IT professional who often travels to Ukraine, told me about the exhilarating atmosphere on those Ukraine-bound trains, bringing home hundreds of the unwilling refugees, mostly women and children (including the babies, born in exile on the way to meet their Ukrainian fighter fathers for the first time). The difference between Ukrainian refugees and other reluctant exiles is that Ukrainians are desperate to return.

Derived terms

• exile of conscience
• government-in-exile
• internal exile
• self-exile
• tax exile

 

Translations

the state of being banished from one's home or country

• Albanian: mërgim (sq) m, internim (sq) m
• Arabic: نَفْي m (nafy), تَبْعِيد m (tabʕīd)
• Aramaic: גלותא f
• Armenian: աքսոր (hy) (akʻsor), աքսորում (hy) (akʻsorum)
• Asturian: exiliu m, estierru m, destierru m
• Azerbaijani: sürgün
• Bashkir: һөргөн (hörgön)
• Belarusian: выгна́нне n (vyhnánnje), засла́нне n (zaslánnje)
• Bulgarian: изгна́ние (bg) n (izgnánie), заточе́ние (bg) n (zatočénie)
• Catalan: exili (ca) m, bandejament m, desterrament m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 流亡 (zh) (liúwáng), 放逐 (zh) (fàngzhú), 流放 (zh) (liúfàng)

• Czech: vyhnanství n, exil (cs) m
• Danish: eksil n
• Dutch: ballingschap (nl) f, verbanning (nl) f
• Estonian: eksiil, maapagu
• Finnish: maanpako (fi), maanpakolaisuus (fi)
• French: exil (fr) m
• Galician: exilio m, desterro m
• Georgian: გაძევება (gaʒeveba), განდევნა (gandevna)
• German: Exil (de) n, Verbannung (de) f
• Greek: εξορία (el) f (exoría)

  Ancient: ἐξορία f (exoría)

• Hebrew: גָּלוּת (he) f (galút)
• Hindi: निर्वासन (hi) m (nirvāsan)
• Hungarian: száműzés (hu), száműzetés (hu)
• Icelandic: útlegð
• Indonesian: pengasingan (id), eksil
• Irish: deoraíocht f
• Italian: esilio (it) m
• Japanese: 亡命 (ja) (ぼうめい, bōmei), 追放 (ja) (ついほう, tsuihō)
• Kazakh: айдалу (aidalu), қуғын (quğyn), сүргін (sürgın)
• Korean: 망명(亡命) (ko) (mangmyeong), 추방(追放) (ko) (chubang)
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: sirgûn (ku) f

• Kyrgyz: сүргүн (ky) (sürgün)
• Latin: exsilium n, ablēgātiō f
• Latvian: trimda f, izraidījums m
• Lithuanian: tremtis f
• Macedonian: изгнанство n (izgnanstvo), прогонство n (progonstvo), егзил m (egzil)
• Malay: buangan (ms), eksil
• Maltese: eżilju m
• Manx: joarreeaght f, joarreeys m
• Maori: whakapakotanga
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: eksil n, utlendighet m or f

  Nynorsk: eksil n

• Occitan: exili (oc) m
• Old English: wræc n
• Persian: تبعید (fa) (tab'id)
• Polish: uchodźstwo n, wygnanie (pl) n, banicja (pl) f (historical), zesłanie (pl) n
• Portuguese: exílio (pt) m, desterro (pt) m
• Romanian: exil (ro) n, exilare (ro) f
• Russian: ссы́лка (ru) f (ssýlka), изгна́ние (ru) n (izgnánije)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: изгна̀нство n, про̀го̄нство n, ѐгзӣл m, ѝзгон m

  Roman: izgnànstvo n, prògōnstvo (sh) n, ègzīl (sh) m, ìzgon m

• Slovak: vyhnanstvo n, exil m
• Slovene: pregnanstvo n, izgnanstvo n, izgon (sl) m
• Spanish: exilio (es) m, destierro (es) m
• Swedish: exil (sv) c, landsflykt (sv) c
• Tajik: бадарға (badarġa), табъид (tabʾid)
• Tatar: сөрген (tt) (sörgen)
• Thai: การเนรเทศ (th) (gaan-nee-rá-têet)
• Tibetan: please add this translation if you can
• Turkish: sürgün (tr)
• Turkmen: sürgün
• Ukrainian: вигна́ння n (vyhnánnja), засла́ння n (zaslánnja), екзи́ль (uk) m (ekzýlʹ), екзи́л (uk) m (ekzýl)
• Uyghur: سۈرگۈن (sürgün)
• Uzbek: surgun (uz)
• Volapük: xil (vo)
• Welsh: alltudiaeth f

someone who is banished from one's home or country

• Albanian: internuar (sq) m, internuare f
• Armenian: աքսորյալ (hy) (akʻsoryal)
• Bashkir: һөрөлгән кеше (hörölgən keşe)
• Belarusian: выгна́ннік m (vyhnánnik), выгна́нніца f (vyhnánnica)
• Bulgarian: изгна́ник (bg) m (izgnánik), изгна́ница f (izgnánica), изгна́ничка f (izgnánička), зато́ченик (bg) m (zatóčenik), зато́ченица f (zatóčenica), зато́ченичка f (zatóčenička)
• Catalan: exiliat (ca) m, exiliada (ca) f, bandejat (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 流亡者 (zh) (liúwángzhe)

• Crimean Tatar: please add this translation if you can
• Czech: vyhnanec m, vyhnankyně f, exulant (cs) m, exulantka f
• Danish: udlændighed c, eksil c
• Dutch: banneling (nl) m
• Esperanto: please add this translation if you can
• Estonian: please add this translation if you can
• Finnish: maanpakolainen (fi)
• French: exilé (fr) m
• Georgian: please add this translation if you can
• German: Exilant (de) m, Exilantin (de) f, Verbannter m
• Greek: εξόριστος (el) m (exóristos)
• Hebrew: ^{(please verify)} גולה / גֻּלָּה m or f (gulá)
• Hungarian: száműzött (hu)
• Icelandic: útlagi m
• Irish: deoraí m
• Italian: esiliato (it), esule (it)
• Japanese: 亡命者 (ぼうめいしゃ, bōmeisha)
• Kazakh: қуғындалушы (quğyndaluşy)
• Korean: 망명자(亡命者) (mangmyeongja)
• Latin: exsul m or f
• Latvian: trimdinieks m, izraidītais m
• Lithuanian: please add this translation if you can
• Manx: eebyrtagh m, fogaragh m, skeayltagh m
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: landflyktig m, flyktning (no) m

  Nynorsk: landflyktig m, flyktning m

• Old English: wreċċa m
• Polish: wygnaniec (pl) m, wygnanka (pl) f, banita (pl) m (historical), banitka (pl) f (historical)
• Portuguese: exilado (pt) m
• Romanian: exilat (ro) m
• Russian: ссы́льный (ru) m (ssýlʹnyj), ссы́льная (ru) f (ssýlʹnaja), изгна́нник (ru) m (izgnánnik), изгна́нница (ru) f (izgnánnica)
• Scottish Gaelic: fògarrach m, deòradh m, eilthireach m
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Roman: ìzgnanīk m, ìzgnanica f, prògnanīk (sh) m, prògnanica (sh) f

• Slovak: vyhnanec m, vyhnankyňa f
• Spanish: exiliado (es) m, desterrado (es) m
• Swedish: landsflykting (sv) c
• Tibetan: བཙན་བྱོལ་བ (btsan byol ba)
• Turkish: please add this translation if you can
• Ukrainian: вигна́нець m (vyhnánecʹ), вигна́ниця f (vyhnánycja)
• Volapük: xiläb (vo)
• Welsh: alltud m or f
• West Frisian: balling ?

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Breton: ^{(please verify)} divroañ (br) ?
• Icelandic: ^{(please verify)} útlagi ?

Verb

exile (third-person singular simple present exiles, present participle exiling, simple past and past participle exiled)

1. (transitive) To send (someone or something) into exile.

   Synonyms: banish, forban, expatriate

   • c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene viii]:

     Calling home our exiled friends abroad.

   • 1832 December (indicated as 1833), Alfred Tennyson, “The Palace of Art”, in Poems, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, stanza LXVIII, page 87:

     She, mouldering with the dull earth's mouldering sod, / Inwrapt tenfold in slothful shame, / Lay there exiled from eternal God, / Lost to her place and name.

Translations

to send into exile

• Arabic: نَفَى (nafā)
• Asturian: exiliar, esterrar, desterrar
• Azerbaijani: sürgün etmək, sürmək (az), sürdürmək
• Belarusian: высыла́ць impf (vysylácʹ), вы́слаць pf (výslacʹ)
• Bulgarian: заточавам (bg) (zatočavam)
• Catalan: exiliar (ca), bandejar (ca), desterrar (ca)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: please add this translation if you can

• Dalmatian: esiljur
• Danish: forvise
• Dutch: verbannen (nl)
• Esperanto: ekzili
• Finnish: karkottaa (fi), ajaa maanpakoon
• French: exiler (fr)
• Galician: exiliar, desterrar (gl)
• German: ins Exil schicken, exilieren
• Greek: εξορίζω (el) (exorízo)

  Ancient: ἐξορίζω (exorízō)

• Hebrew: הגלה (higlá)
• Hungarian: száműz (hu)
• Irish: ionnarb, díbir
• Italian: esiliare (it)
• Latin: exsulo
• Latvian: izraidīt
• Luxembourgish: exiléieren
• Manx: eebyrt, eebree
• Maori: whakapako
• Norwegian: forvise
• Occitan: exiliar (oc), faidir, fòrabandir (oc)
• Polish: wygnać (pl), banitować (pl) impf (historical or literary)
• Portuguese: exilar (pt), desterrar (pt)
• Romanian: exila (ro)
• Russian: вы́сылать (ru) impf (výsylatʹ), вы́слать (ru) pf (výslatʹ)
• Spanish: exiliar (es), desterrar (es), proscribir (es), trasterrar (esp. Mexico)
• Swedish: landsförvisa (sv), exilera (sv)
• Tibetan: please add this translation if you can
• Ukrainian: висила́ти impf (vysyláty), ви́слати pf (výslaty)
• Welsh: alltudio

Anagrams

• Lexie, lexie

French

Verb

exile

1. inflection of exiler:
   1. first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive
   2. second-person singular imperative

Latin

Adjective

exīle

1. nominative/accusative/vocative neuter singular of exīlis

Portuguese

Verb

exile

1. inflection of exilar:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

Spanish

Verb

exile

1. inflection of exilar:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative
2. second-person singular voseo imperative of exir combined with le