食言

Chinese

		eat; food; to feed eat; food; to feed; animal feed	to speak; to say; talk to speak; to say; talk; word
trad. (食言)		食	言
simp. #(食言)		食	言

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shíyán

  (Zhuyin): ㄕˊ ㄧㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sik⁶ jin⁴
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): si̍t-giân / si̍t-gân

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ziah⁸ ngang⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shíyán
    • Zhuyin: ㄕˊ ㄧㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shíhyán
    • Wade–Giles: shih²-yen²
    • Yale: shŕ-yán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyryan
    • Palladius: шиянь (šijanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩³⁵ jɛn³⁵/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 食言 食鹽 / 食盐

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: sik⁶ jin⁴
    • Yale: sihk yìhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sik⁹ jin⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: xig⁶ yin⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɪk̚² jiːn²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: si̍t-giân
    • Tâi-lô: si̍t-giân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sidgieen
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /sit̚⁴⁻³² ɡiɛn²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /sit̚⁴⁻³² ɡiɛn²³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sit̚²⁴⁻² ɡiɛn²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: si̍t-gân
    • Tâi-lô: si̍t-gân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sidgaan
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /sit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ ɡan¹³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ziah⁸ ngang⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsia̍h ngâng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siaʔ⁴⁻² ŋaŋ⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: zyik ngjon

Rime
Character	食	言
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	船 (27)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	職 (134)	元 (65)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	乗力切	語軒切
Baxter	zyik	ngjon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʑɨk̚/	/ŋɨɐn/
Pan Wuyun	/ʑɨk̚/	/ŋiɐn/
Shao Rongfen	/ʑiek̚/	/ŋiɐn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʑik̚/	/ŋɨan/
Li Rong	/d͡ʑiək̚/	/ŋiɐn/
Wang Li	/d͡ʑĭək̚/	/ŋĭɐn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/d͡ʑʰi̯ək̚/	/ŋɨ̯ɐn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shí	yán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sik6	jin4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*mə-lək  ŋa[n]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɦljɯɡ  ŋan/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	食	言
Reading #	1/2	3/4
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shí	yán
Middle Chinese	‹ zyik ›	‹ ngjon ›
Old Chinese	/*mə-lək/	/*ŋa[n]/
English	eat	speak; speech
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	食	言
Reading #	2/2	1/1
No.	11477	14271
Phonetic component	食	言
Rime group	職	元
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime		言
Old Chinese	/*ɦljɯɡ/	/*ŋan/

Verb

食言

1. to go back on one's word; to break one's promise

   • 爾無不信，朕不食言。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     尔无不信，朕不食言。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Documents, circa 4^th – 3^rd century BCE

     Ěr wú bù xìn, zhèn bù shíyán. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Synonyms

• 失信 (shīxìn)

Derived terms

• 食言而肥 (shíyán'érféi)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (食言):

• → Japanese: 食(しょく)言(げん) (shokugen)
• → Korean: 식언(食言) (sigeon)