朕
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]朕 (Kangxi radical 74, 月+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 月廿大 (BTK), four-corner 78234, composition ⿰月关)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 505, character 19
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14361
- Dae Jaweon: page 884, character 12
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2071, character 5
- Unihan data for U+6715
Chinese
[edit]| trad. | 朕 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 朕 | |
| alternative forms | 𦩎 𣍹 𦨶 眹 “omen” | |
Glyph origin
[edit]| Historical forms of the character 朕 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Simplified from 𦩎 (舟 → 月 and 灷 → 关), corruption of an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 舟 (“boat”) + 丨 (“item”) + 廾 (“two hands”), seen in the oracle bone script and bronze inscriptions, originally meaning “to mend a boat”. It was later borrowed to be used as a first-person pronoun.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): zam6
- Eastern Min (BUC): dêng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6zen
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄣˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhèn
- Wade–Giles: chên4
- Yale: jèn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jenn
- Palladius: чжэнь (čžɛnʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂən⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zam6
- Yale: jahm
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzam6
- Guangdong Romanization: zem6
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɐm²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: dêng
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɛiŋ²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: drimX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*lrəmʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*l'ɯmʔ/
Definitions
[edit]朕
- (imperial) I; my (similar to the royal we; reserved for use by the emperor since the Qin Dynasty)
- 朕為始皇帝。後世以計數，二世三世至于萬世，傳之無窮。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
- Zhèn wèi Shǐhuángdì. Hòushì yǐ jìshù, èrshì sānshì zhìyú wànshì, chuán zhī wúqióng. [Pinyin]
- We ourselves shall be called First Emperor, and successive generations shall be numbered consecutively: Second, Third, and so on until for 1,000 or 10,000 generations, the succession passing down without end.
朕为始皇帝。后世以计数，二世三世至于万世，传之无穷。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 二世與趙高謀曰：「朕年少，初即位，黔首未集附。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
- Èrshì yǔ Zhào Gāo móu yuē: “Zhèn niánshào, chū jíwèi, qiánshǒu wèi jífù.” [Pinyin]
- Qin Er Shi discussed with Zhao Gao, "I am young and just ascended the throne. The mass has not submitted to my rule."
二世与赵高谋曰：「朕年少，初即位，黔首未集附。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 帝問曰：「朕應天受命，卿何以不樂？」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Liu Yiqing (editor), A New Account of the Tales of the World, 5th century CE
- Dì wèn yuē: “Zhèn yìngtiānshòumìng, qīng héyǐ bù yuè?” [Pinyin]
- King Wen of Wei asked,"I conform to the wish of Heaven and become the emperor. Why are you unhappy?"
帝问曰：「朕应天受命，卿何以不乐？」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (literary) omen; sign
- (Cantonese) Alternative form of 𠹻 (zam6, “classifier for smells”)
Usage notes
[edit]- In modern Chinese slang, sense 1 may sometimes be used ironically and humorously to refer to oneself.
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Japanese
[edit]| Shinjitai | 朕 | |
| Kyūjitai [1] |
朕󠄂 朕+ 󠄂?(Adobe-Japan1) |
|
| 朕󠄄 朕+ 󠄄?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. | ||
Kanji
[edit]朕
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: じん (jin)←じん (zin, historical)←ぢむ (dimu, ancient)
- Kan-on: ちん (chin, Jōyō)←ちん (tin, historical)←ちむ (timu, ancient)
- Kun: きざし (kizashi, 朕し)、わが (waga, 朕が)、われ (ware, 朕)、われ (ware, 朕れ)
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]- (imperial) I, me (similar to the royal we)
- 朕は国家なり
- Chin wa kokka nari
- I am the state.
- 1945 August 15, Emperor Shōwa, 大東亜戦争終結ノ詔書 [Gyokuon-hōsō]:
- 朕深ク世界ノ大勢ト帝國ノ現狀トニ鑑ミ非常ノ措置ヲ以テ時局ヲ收拾セムト欲シ茲ニ忠良ナル爾臣民ニ告ク
- Chin fukaku sekai no taisei to teikoku no genjō to ni kangami hijō no sochi o motte jikyoku o shūshū semu to hosshi koko ni chūryō naru nanji shinmin ni tsuku
- To our good and loyal subjects, after pondering deeply the general trends of the world and the actual conditions obtaining in our empire today, we have decided to effect a settlement of the present situation by resorting to an extraordinary measure.
- 朕深ク世界ノ大勢ト帝國ノ現狀トニ鑑ミ非常ノ措置ヲ以テ時局ヲ收拾セムト欲シ茲ニ忠良ナル爾臣民ニ告ク
- 朕は国家なり
Usage notes
[edit]After the Second World War, this pronoun has fallen out of use. Since then, the emperors of Japan refer to themselves with the pronoun 私 (watakushi).
References
[edit]- ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, , page 1091 (paper), page 596 (digital)
- ^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 朕 (MC drimX). Recorded as Middle Korean 띰〯 (Yale: ttǐm) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕi(ː)m]
- Phonetic hangul: [짐(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
[edit]
Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
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