頑

See also: 顽

頑 U+9811, 頑 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9811 ← 預 [U+9810] CJK Unified Ideographs 頒 → [U+9812]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

頑 (Kangxi radical 181, 頁+4, 13 strokes, cangjie input 一山一月金 (MUMBC), four-corner 1128₆, composition ⿰元頁)

Derived characters

• 㹕, 𤻆

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1401, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 43374
• Dae Jaweon: page 1917, character 11
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4359, character 8
• Unihan data for U+9811

Chinese

trad.		頑
simp.		顽

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 頑
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (元) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
冠	*kŋoːn, *kŋoːns
莞	*kŋoːn, *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋroːnʔ
脘	*ŋkoːnʔ
筦	*ŋkoːnʔ
梡	*ŋ̊ʰoːnʔ, *ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːnʔ
岏	*ŋoːn
刓	*ŋoːn
园	*ŋoːn
忨	*ŋoːn, *ŋoːns
蚖	*ŋoːn, *ŋon
黿	*ŋoːn, *ŋon
抏	*ŋoːn
玩	*ŋoːns
貦	*ŋoːns
翫	*ŋoːns
妧	*ŋoːns
完	*ɦŋoːn
捖	*ɦŋoːn
垸	*ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːns
綄	*ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋoːnʔ
院	*ɦŋoːn, *ɦŋons
皖	*ɦŋoːnʔ, *ɦŋroːnʔ
晥	*ɦŋoːnʔ
浣	*ɦŋoːnʔ
頑	*ŋroːn, *ŋroːn
睆	*ɦŋroːnʔ
鯇	*ɦŋroːnʔ
元	*ŋon
沅	*ŋon
芫	*ŋon
杬	*ŋon
邧	*ŋon, *ŋonʔ
阮	*ŋon, *ŋonʔ
俒	*ɦŋuːn, *ɦŋuːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋroːn, *ŋroːn) : phonetic 元 (OC *ŋon, “head”) + semantic 頁 (“head”).

As 元 came to be used to mean “original”, rather than “head”, this character was formed from the original meaning of 元 (“head”) + the semantic element 頁／页 to affirm the “head” meaning, but with the modification in meaning to “an intransigent head”; the head of a heady person.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): wán (wan²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄨㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): waan⁴
• Gan (Wiktionary): uan⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngòan
• Jin (Wiktionary): van¹
• Northern Min (KCR): ngṳīng
• Eastern Min (BUC): nguàng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): goân / oán

  (Teochew, Peng'im): nguang⁵ / nguêng⁵

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶woe

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: wán
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wán
    • Wade–Giles: wan²
    • Yale: wán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wan
    • Palladius: вань (vanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wän³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: waan⁴
    • Yale: wàahn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: waan⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: wan⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /waːn²¹/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: uan⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /uan³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngòan
    • Hakka Romanization System: nguan^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: nguan²
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋu̯an¹¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: van¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /væ̃¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ngṳīng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋyiŋ⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: nguàng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋuaŋ⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: goân
    • Tâi-lô: guân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: goaan
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /ɡuan²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡuan¹³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡuan²³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oán
    • Tâi-lô: uán
    • Phofsit Daibuun: oarn
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /uan⁵⁵⁴/

Note:

• goân - literary;
• oán - vernacular (俗).

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: nguang⁵ / nguêng⁵
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nguâng / nguêng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋuaŋ⁵⁵/, /ŋueŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

• nguang5 - Shantou;
• nguêng5 - Chaozhou.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶woe
    • MiniDict: woe^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhuoe
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦuø²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: ngwaen

Rime
Character	頑
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	刪 (70)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	五還切
Baxter	ngwaen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋˠuan/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋʷᵚan/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋuɐn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋwaɨn/
Li Rong	/ŋuan/
Wang Li	/ŋwan/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ŋwan/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngaan4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋroːn/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	頑	頑
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	16138	16139
Phonetic component	元	元
Rime group	元	元
Rime subdivision	3	3
Corresponding MC rime		𤸷
Old Chinese	/*ŋroːn/	/*ŋroːn/
Notes	宋跋本王韻吳鰥反

Definitions

頑

1. obstinate; stubborn; recalcitrant

   頑抗／顽抗  ―  wánkàng  ―  to stubbornly resist

   頑強／顽强  ―  wánqiáng  ―  staunch; tenacious

2. stupid; ignorant

   頑昧／顽昧  ―  wánmèi  ―  ignorant; benighted

   • 之子畯明，我鈍而頑。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     之子畯明，我钝而顽。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Han Yu, 祭穆員外文 (In memory of Official Mu)

     Zhī zǐ jùnmíng, wǒ dùn ér wán. [Pinyin]

     He is bright, while I am obtuse and ignorant.

3. naughty; mischievous

   頑皮／顽皮  ―  wánpí  ―  naughty; mischievous

Compounds

• 不是頑的／不是顽的
• 冥頑／冥顽 (míngwán)
• 冥頑不靈／冥顽不灵 (míngwánbùlíng)
• 刁頑／刁顽 (diāowán)
• 哀感頑豔／哀感顽艳
• 大頑／大顽
• 奸頑
• 小頑／小顽
• 廉頑立懦／廉顽立懦
• 性潑凶頑／性泼凶顽
• 愚頑／愚顽 (yúwán)
• 憨頑／憨顽
• 振警愚頑／振警愚顽
• 撒頑／撒顽
• 殷頑
• 淘氣憨頑／淘气憨顽
• 痴頑／痴顽
• 老頑固／老顽固 (lǎowángù)
• 老頑童／老顽童
• 荒功好頑／荒功好顽
• 蔽賢寵頑／蔽贤宠顽
• 負嵎頑抗／负嵎顽抗 (fùyúwánkàng)
• 負隅頑抗／负隅顽抗 (fùyúwánkàng)
• 貪頑／贪顽
• 賴肉頑皮／赖肉顽皮
• 賴骨頑皮／赖骨顽皮
• 頑健／顽健
• 頑劣／顽劣 (wánliè)
• 頑固／顽固 (wángù)
• 頑廉懦立／顽廉懦立
• 頑強／顽强 (wánqiáng)
• 頑強不屈／顽强不屈
• 頑意兒／顽意儿
• 頑抗／顽抗 (wánkàng)
• 頑敵／顽敌 (wándí)
• 頑梗／顽梗 (wángěng)
• 頑民／顽民
• 頑涎／顽涎
• 頑症／顽症 (wánzhèng)
• 頑疾／顽疾 (wánjí)
• 頑癬／顽癣 (wánxuǎn)
• 頑皮／顽皮 (wánpí)
• 頑皮賴骨／顽皮赖骨
• 頑石／顽石 (wánshí)
• 頑石點頭／顽石点头
• 頑童／顽童 (wántóng)
• 頑笑／顽笑
• 頑耍／顽耍 (wánshuǎ)
• 頑蒙／顽蒙
• 頑話／顽话
• 頑軀／顽躯
• 頑逆／顽逆
• 頑鈍／顽钝 (wándùn)
• 頑鹵／顽卤

 

Japanese

Kanji

頑

(Jōyō kanji)

1. stubborn

Readings

• Go-on: げん (gen)^{←げん (gen, historical)←ぐゑん (gwen, ancient)}
• Kan-on: がん (gan, Jōyō)^{←ぐわん (gwan, historical)}
• Kun: かたい (katai, 頑い)、かたくな (katakuna, 頑)、かたくな (katakuna, 頑な)

Compounds

• 頑(がん)火(か)輝(き)石(せき) (ganka kiseki)
• 頑(がん)強(きょう) (gankyō)
• 頑(がん)愚(ぐ) (gangu)
• 頑(がん)健(けん) (ganken)
• 頑(がん)固(こ) (ganko)
• 頑(がん)硬(こう) (gankō)
• 頑(がん)擴(こう) (gankō)
• 頑(がん)剛(ごう) (gangō)
• 頑(がん)質(しつ) (ganshitsu)
• 頑(がん)丈(じょう) (ganjō)
• 頑(がん)是(ぜ) (ganze)
• 頑(がん)癬(せん) (gansen)
• 頑(がん)然(ぜん) (ganzen)
• 頑(がん)童(どう) (gandō)
• 頑(がん)鈍(どん) (gandon)
• 頑(がん)物(ぶつ) (ganbutsu)
• 頑(がん)僻(へき) (ganheki)
• 頑(がん)昧(まい) (ganmai)
• 頑(がん)民(みん) (ganmin)
• 頑(がん)迷(めい) (ganmei)
• 頑(がん)冥(めい) (ganmei)
• 頑(がん)蒙(もう) (ganmō)
• 頑(がん)陋(ろう) (ganrō)

 

Derived terms

• 頑(がん)張(ば)る (ganbaru)
• 頑(がん)張(ば)って (ganbatte)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
頑
かたくな Grade: S
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 頑 – see the following entry.

【かたくな】 [adjective] stubborn Alternative spelling 頑な

(This term, 頑, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

頑 • (wan) (hangeul 완, revised wan, McCune–Reischauer wan, Yale wan)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

頑: Hán Nôm readings: ngoan, ngoãn

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.