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反

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
反 U+53CD, 反
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-53CD
← 双
[U+53CC] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 収 →
[U+53CE]

Translingual

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Stroke order (Mainland China)
4 strokes

Han character

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反 (Kangxi radical 29, 又+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 竹水 (HE), four-corner 71247 or 72247, composition ⿸𠂆又(G) or ⿸厂又(TJK))

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 165, character 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3127
  • Dae Jaweon: page 375, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 391, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+53CD

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (反) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
扳 *praːn, *pʰraːn
板 *praːnʔ
版 *praːnʔ
瓪 *praːnʔ, *paːnʔ
昄 *praːnʔ, *braːnʔ, *paːnʔ
鈑 *praːnʔ
蝂 *praːnʔ
眅 *pʰraːn, *pʰraːnʔ
阪 *braːnʔ, *panʔ
魬 *braːnʔ
粄 *paːnʔ
反 *panʔ, *pʰan
返 *panʔ
坂 *panʔ
畈 *pans
販 *pans
汳 *pʰans
飯 *bonʔ, *bons

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *panʔ, *pʰan) : semantic 又 (“hand”) + phonetic 厂 (OC *hŋaːnʔ, *hŋaːns). The character originally depicted the action of turning the palm of the hand, and by extension, it came to mean "to return" or "to reverse."[1]

References

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  1. ^ Digital Shinjigen 2017

Etymology 1

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trad. 反
simp. # 反
alternative forms 仮

STEDT compares it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *par (“to trade; to buy; to sell”), from which Tibetan ཕར (phar, “interest (on money); exchange”) is derived.

Cognate with 販 (OC *pans, “to trade”), which is an exoactive of 反 (OC *panʔ, *pʰan, “to return, lit. to make someone return”) (Schuessler, 2007).

番 (OC *pʰan, “a turn; a time”) is the iterative of 反 (OC *panʔ, *pʰan).

Pronunciation 1

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Note:
  • bēng - vernacular;
  • huāng - literary.
Note:
  • péng/púiⁿ/pán/páiⁿ - vernacular;
  • hoán - literary.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: boin2 / bain2 / huang2 / huêng2
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: póiⁿ / páiⁿ / huáng / huéng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /põĩ⁵²/, /pãĩ⁵²/, /huaŋ⁵²/, /hueŋ⁵²/
Note:
  • boin2 - vernacular (Chaozhou, Chenghai, Raoping);
  • bain2 - vernacular (Chaoyang, Jieyang, Shantou);
  • huang2/huêng2 - literary (huêng2 - Chaozhou).
Rime
Character 反
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 元 (66)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 府遠切
Baxter pjonX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/pʉɐnX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/pʷiɐnX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/piuɐnX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/puanX/
Li
Rong 		/piuɐnX/
Wang
Li 		/pĭwɐnX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/pi̯wɐnX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		fǎn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		faan2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 反 反
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		fǎn fǎn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ bænX › ‹ pjonX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[b]ˁranʔ/ /*Cə.panʔ/
English dignified, grand reverse (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 反
Reading # 1/2
No. 2968
Phonetic
component 		反
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		反
Old
Chinese 		/*panʔ/
Definitions
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反

  1. to turn over; to reverse
    反敗為勝／反败为胜  ―  fǎnbàiwéishèng  ―  to turn defeat into victory
    隻船反咗。／只船反咗。 [Cantonese]  ―  zek3 syun4 faan2 zo2. [Jyutping]  ―  The boat capsized.
  2. to return; to counter
    反攻  ―  fǎngōng  ―  to counterattack
    反問／反问  ―  fǎnwèn  ―  to ask a question in reply
  3. to rebel; to revolt
    造反  ―  zàofǎn  ―  to rebel
  4. to oppose
    反法西斯  ―  fǎnfǎxīsī  ―  antifascist
    反貪腐／反贪腐  ―  fǎn tānfǔ  ―  anti-corruption
  5. instead; on the contrary
  6. reverse
    你把衣服穿反了。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
    Nǐ bǎ yīfu chuān fǎn le. [Pinyin]
    You have put your clothes on inside out.
  7. to infer; to generalize
    舉一反三／举一反三  ―  jǔyīfǎnsān  ―  to infer other cases based on one instance
  8. (literary) to reflect (on one's actions)
  9. (obsolete) to revenge
  10. (chemistry) trans-
    順反異構／顺反异构  ―  shùn-fǎn yìgòu  ―  cis-trans isomerism
    反-2-丁烯  ―  fǎn-èr-dīngxī  ―  trans-2-butene
    Antonym: 順 / 顺 (shùn)
  11. (Southern Min) to leaf through; to scan
  12. Alternative form of 返 (fǎn, “to return; to give back”)
  13. Short for 反革命 (fǎngémìng, “counterrevolutionary”).
    肅反／肃反  ―  sùfǎn  ―  to eliminate counterrevolutionaries
  14. (phonetics) Synonym of 切 (qiè)
  15. a surname

Pronunciation 2

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Rime
Character 反
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 滂 (2)
Final (韻) 元 (66)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 孚袁切
Baxter phjon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/pʰʉɐn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/pʰʷiɐn/
Shao
Rongfen 		/pʰiuɐn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/pʰuan/
Li
Rong 		/pʰiuɐn/
Wang
Li 		/pʰĭwɐn/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/pʰi̯wɐn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		fān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		faan1
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 反
Reading # 2/2
No. 2974
Phonetic
component 		反
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		飜
Old
Chinese 		/*pʰan/
Definitions
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反

  1. to redress
  2. to pour
  3. (phonetics) Short for 反切 (fǎnqiè, “fanqie”).
  4. to flip over

Pronunciation 3

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Definitions
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反

  1. Used in 反反.
  2. Alternative form of 販 / 贩 (fàn)

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (反):
  • → Japanese: 反(はん) (han)
  • → Korean: 반(反) (ban)
  • → Vietnamese: phản (反)

Etymology 2

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trad. 反
simp. # 反

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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反

  1. (music) Cantonese opera gongche notation for the note fa (4).
    Synonym: 凡 (fán) (Kunqu)

Derived terms

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References

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Japanese

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See also 反する

Kanji

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反

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. anti-

Readings

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Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
反
はん
Grade: 3
kan'on

Prefix

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反(はん) • (han-) 

  1. anti-
Antonyms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
反
たん
Grade: 3
kan'yōon
For pronunciation and definitions of 反 – see the following entry.
【段たん】6
[noun] a unit of areal measure equivalent to 300 坪 (tsubo), now standardised at exactly 120000/121 square metres (around 991.7 m²)
(This term, 反, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

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Etymology 1

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From Middle Chinese 反 (MC pjonX).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

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  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [pa̠(ː)n]
  • Phonetic hangul: [반(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

反 (eumhun 되돌릴 반 (doedollil ban))

  1. hanja form? of 반 (“reverse; anti-”)

Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 2

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From Middle Chinese 反 (MC phjon).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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反 (eumhun 뒤집을 번 (dwijibeul beon))

  1. (literary) hanja form? of 번 (“to flip over”)

Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 3

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Related to Middle Chinese 販 (MC pjonH).

Hanja

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反 (eumhun 팔 판 (pal pan))

  1. Alternative form of 販 (“hanja form? of 판 (“to sell”)”)

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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反: Hán Nôm readings: phản, phiên

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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