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只

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 兄, 隻, 衹, and 祇
只 U+53EA, 只
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-53EA
← 叩
[U+53E9] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 叫 →
[U+53EB]

Translingual

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Stroke order

Han character

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只 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 口金 (RC), four-corner 60800, composition ⿱口八)

  1. Shuowen Jiezi radical №49

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 172, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3239
  • Dae Jaweon: page 383, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 570, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+53EA

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 只
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (只) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
只 *klje, *kljeʔ
胑 *klje
疻 *klje, *klji
軹 *kljeʔ
咫 *kljeʔ
枳 *kljeʔ, *kleʔ
抧 *kljeʔ
伿 *kljes, *les
齞 *ŋleːnʔ

Pictogram (象形) : airflow coming out of a mouth (口) – a modal particle. Compare 四 and 曰.

Etymology 1

[edit]
trad. 只/衹*/祇*/祗*
simp. 只
alternative forms 秖

Schuessler (2007) suggests that it is possibly Sino-Tibetan, relating it to Kamarupan ke, kʰe (“one”), which are perhaps related to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-kjaŋ (“single”), whence Tibetan རྐྱང (rkyang, “single”), Burmese ချင်း (hkyang:, “single”) and Burmese ချည်း (hkyany:, “alone,only, just”).

Pronunciation

[edit]
Rime
Character 只
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 章 (23)
Final (韻) 支 (11)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 章移切
Baxter tsye
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡ɕiᴇ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡ɕiɛ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡ɕjɛ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ciə̆/
Li
Rong 		/t͡ɕie/
Wang
Li 		/t͡ɕǐe/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/t͡ɕie̯/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhī
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zi1
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 只
Reading # 1/2
No. 17304
Phonetic
component 		只
Rime
group 		支
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		支
Old
Chinese 		/*klje/

Definitions

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只

  1. only; just; simply; merely
    我只去過一次。／我只去过一次。  ―  Wǒ zhǐ qù guò yī cì.  ―  I've only been there once.
    湯裡只放了一點兒胡椒粉。 [MSC, trad.]
    汤里只放了一点儿胡椒粉。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tāng lǐ zhǐ fàng le yīdiǎnr hújiāofěn. [Pinyin]
    There was just a hint of pepper in the soup.
    一日到夜只曉得吃、吃、吃，事體末一眼也勿會得做。 [Shanghainese, trad.]
    一日到夜只晓得吃、吃、吃，事体末一眼也勿会得做。 [Shanghainese, simp.]
    7iq-gniq-tau-ya 7tseq 5shiau-teq 7chiq 7chiq 7chiq 6zy-thi-meq 7iq-nge 6gha 8veq-ue-teq 5tsu [Wugniu]
    The only thing [you] do all day is eat, and yet you do nothing important.
  2. † originally; at first

Synonyms

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  • (only):

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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simp. and trad.
 只
alternative forms 茲／兹 Min
This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Related to 這／这 (zhè), 茲／兹 (zī)?”

Pronunciation

[edit]
Rime
Character 只
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 章 (23)
Final (韻) 支 (11)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 諸氏切
Baxter tsyeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡ɕiᴇX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡ɕiɛX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡ɕjɛX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ciə̆X/
Li
Rong 		/t͡ɕieX/
Wang
Li 		/t͡ɕǐeX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/t͡ɕie̯X/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zi2

Definitions

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只

  1. (literary or Min) this
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 這 (“this”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 此, 斯, 是, 之, 茲 anteclassical, 夫, 爾
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 這
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 這
Taiwan 這
Chengde 這
Chifeng 這
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 這
Heihe 這
Qiqihar 這
Jiamusi 這
Baicheng 這
Changchun 這
Tonghua 這
Shenyang 這
Jinzhou 這
Malaysia 這
Singapore 這
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 這
Tangshan 這
Cangzhou 這
Baoding 這
Shijiazhuang 這
Lijin 這
Jinan 這
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 這
Dandong 這
Yantai 這
Qingdao 這
Zhucheng 這
Central Plains Mandarin Lingbao 這
Jining 這
Linfen 這
Shangqiu 這
Yuanyang 這
Zhengzhou 這
Xinyang 這
Baihe 這
Xi'an 這
Baoji 這
Tianshui 這
Xining 這
Xuzhou 這
Pizhou 這
Lianyungang (Ganyu) 這
Donghai 這
Fuyang 這
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 這
Lanzhou 這
Dunhuang 這
Hami 這
Ürümqi 這
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 這
Nanchong 這
Dazhou 這
Hanyuan 這
Xichang 這
Zigong 這
Chongqing 這
Wuhan 這
Yichang 這
Tianmen 這
Guiyang 這
Zunyi 這
Bijie 這
Liping 這
Zhaotong 這
Dali 這
Kunming 這
Mengzi 這
Guilin 這
Liuzhou 這
Jishou 這
Changde 這
Hanzhong 這
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 這
Yangzhou 這
Baoying 這
Taizhou 這
Zhenjiang 這
Lianyungang 這
Huai'an (Huaiyin) 這
Lianshui 這
Xuyi 這
Nantong 這
Rugao 這
Yancheng 這
Funing 這
Sihong 這
Wuhu 這
Hefei 這
Hong'an 這
Cantonese Guangzhou 呢, 依
Hong Kong 呢, 依
Macau 呢
Taishan 該
Dongguan 呢
Yangjiang 果
Nanning 阿
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 呢
Singapore (Guangfu) 呢, 依
Gan Nanchang 箇
Nanchang (Wangcheng) 箇
Anyi 箇
Lushan 箇
Duchang 箇
Wuning (Quankou) 該
Poyang 箇
Yugan 該
Wannian 該
Yanshan (Hekou) 這
Yichun 箇
Yifeng 箇
Gao'an 箇
Fengxin 箇
Shanggao 里
Wanzai 箇
Fengcheng 該
Xinyu 該
Fuzhou (Shangdundu) 該
Fuzhou (Dongxiang) 箇
Nancheng 箇
Nanfeng 箇
Yihuang 箇
Lichuan 該
Chongren 該
Pingxiang 該
Ji'an 蓋
Taihe 箇
Xiajiang 該
Yingtan (Yujiang) 箇
Guixi 箇
Jianning 個
Jinxian 箇
Jinxi 箇
Le'an 該
Guangchang 改
Suichuan 底
Wan'an 介
Jing'an 箇
Zhangshu 該
Xingan 個
Fenyi 改
Hakka Changting 爾
Ninghua 只
Qingliu 這
Yudu 底
Ningdu 底
Ruijin 底
Shicheng 底
Xunwu 底
Huichang 底
Xingguo 界
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 這
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 這
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 這
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 這
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 這
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 這
Hong Kong 這
Huizhou Jixi 爾
Shexian 這
Wuyuan 伊
Jin Taiyuan 這
Yangyuan 這
Datong 這
Xinzhou 這
Lüliang (Lishi) 這
Changzhi 這
Linhe 這
Jining 這
Hohhot 這
Erenhot 這
Pingshan 這
Zhangjiakou 這
Handan 這
Suide 這
Northern Min Jian'ou 𱕇
Eastern Min Fuzhou 只, 者, 嚽
Fuzhou (Changle) 這
Lianjiang 這
Fuqing 者
Pingtan 這
Yongtai 這
Minqing 這
Gutian 這
Pingnan 這
Luoyuan 這
Fu'an 這
Ningde 這
Xiapu 這
Zherong 這
Shouning 這
Zhouning 這
Fuding 這
Singapore (Fuqing) 這
Southern Min Xiamen 這
Xiamen (Tong'an) 這
Quanzhou 只, 這
Jinjiang 這
Nan'an 這
Shishi 這
Hui'an 這
Anxi 這
Yongchun 這
Dehua 這
Zhangzhou 這
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 這
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 這
Hua'an 這
Nanjing 這
Pinghe 這
Zhangpu 這
Yunxiao 這
Zhao'an 只
Dongshan 這
Taipei 這
Kinmen 這
Penang (Hokkien) 這
Singapore (Hokkien) 這
Manila (Hokkien) 這
Longyan 迄好
Zhangping 這
Chaozhou 只
Shantou 只
Jieyang 只
Haifeng 只
Singapore (Teochew) 只
Batam (Teochew) 只
Wenchang 這
Haikou 這
Singapore (Hainanese) 這
Puxian Min Putian 只蜀
Xianyou 只蜀
Central Min Yong'an 這
Sanming (Shaxian) 這
Shaojiang Min Guangze 當
Jiangle 者
Mingxi 只
Shunchang 這
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 亞
Shehua Cangnan 這
Jingning (Hexi) 個
Wu Shanghai 搿, 迭 dated, 第 obsolete
Shanghai (Songjiang) 搿
Shanghai (Fengxian) 格
Shanghai (Jinshan) 格
Shanghai (Chongming) 吉, 講, 葛 also that
Suzhou 該, 搿
Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang) 個
Wuxi 意
Changshu 俚
Jiaxing 葛
Jiashan 葛
Pinghu 葛
Haining (Yanguan) 葛
Tongxiang 葛
Haiyan 葛
Changzhou 資
Danyang 格
Nanjing (Gaochun) 格
Huzhou 格
Changxing 格
Anji 格
Deqing 葛
Hangzhou 葛
Hangzhou (Yuhang) 葛
Hangzhou (Lin'an) 葛
Hangzhou (Fuyang) 葛
Tonglu 葛
Tonglu (Wusheng) 個個
Shaoxing 咸
Zhuji 咸
Shengzhou 咸
Xinchang 咸
Ningbo 葛
Ningbo (Zhenhai) 葛
Yuyao 耶
Cixi 葛
Taizhou (Huangyan) 葛
Tiantai 葛
Sanmen 葛
Wenling 葛, 格
Wenzhou 個
Yueqing 個
Yongjia (Fenglin) 個
Rui'an 個
Pingyang 個
Taishun 這
Wencheng 個
Lishui 已
Qingtian 已
Jinyun 已
Songyang (Xiping) 益
Yunhe 益
Qingyuan 這
Longquan 搭
Suichang 益
Jiangshan 益
Changshan 益
Kaihua 益
Longyou 個
Jinhua 等, 待
Yiwu 吾
Yongkang 個
Pujiang 這, 吉
Dongyang 個
Wuyi 愛個
Lanxi 個
Shangrao 這
Shangrao (Guangfeng) 伊
Yushan 伊
Xiang Changsha 咯
Shuangfeng 咯

Compounds

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Etymology 3

[edit]
simp. and trad.
 只

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

[edit]
Rime
Character 只
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 章 (23)
Final (韻) 支 (11)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 諸氏切
Baxter tsyeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡ɕiᴇX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡ɕiɛX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡ɕjɛX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ciə̆X/
Li
Rong 		/t͡ɕieX/
Wang
Li 		/t͡ɕǐeX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/t͡ɕie̯X/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zi2
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 只
Reading # 2/2
No. 17307
Phonetic
component 		只
Rime
group 		支
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		紙
Old
Chinese 		/*kljeʔ/

Definitions

[edit]

只

  1. † A modal particle.

Etymology 4

[edit]
simp. and trad.
 只

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

[edit]
Definitions
[edit]

只

  1. † to do

Etymology 5

[edit]
simp. and trad.
 只
This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Related to 著／着 (zhe)?”

Pronunciation

[edit]

Definitions

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只

  1. † Progressive particle, akin to 著／着 (zhe). [Yuan–Ming]

Etymology 6

[edit]
simp. and trad.
 只

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

[edit]
Rime
Character 只
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 章 (23)
Final (韻) 支 (11)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 諸氏切
Baxter tsyeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡ɕiᴇX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡ɕiɛX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡ɕjɛX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ciə̆X/
Li
Rong 		/t͡ɕieX/
Wang
Li 		/t͡ɕǐeX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/t͡ɕie̯X/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zi2
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 只
Reading # 2/2
No. 17307
Phonetic
component 		只
Rime
group 		支
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		紙
Old
Chinese 		/*kljeʔ/

Definitions

[edit]

只

  1. a surname

Etymology 7

[edit]
For pronunciation and definitions of 只 – see 隻 (“one bird; single; etc.”).
(This character is the simplified and variant traditional form of 隻).
Notes:

In traditional script, 只 (zhī) is a variant of 隻／只 (zhī) for a subset of its senses such as classifier for hands (highest affinity), one of a pair, etc, but most notably not for animals.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Definitions

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只

  1. Classifier for hands and objects worn on/around hand.
    一只戒指  ―  yī zhī jièzhǐ  ―  one ring
    一只手錶／一只手表  ―  yī zhī shǒubiǎo  ―  one wristwatch
    一只皮箱  ―  yī zhī píxiāng  ―  one leather suitcase
  2. Classifier for one of a pair.
    一只耳環／一只耳环  ―  yī zhī ěrhuán  ―  one earring
    兩只小眼睛／两只小眼睛  ―  liǎng zhī xiǎo yǎnjīng  ―  two little eyes
  3. Classifier for boats and certain vessels.
    一只小船  ―  yī zhī xiǎochuán  ―  one little boat
    一只花瓶  ―  yī zhī huāpíng  ―  one flower vase

Etymology 8

[edit]
For pronunciation and definitions of 只 – see 咫 (“unit of measurement during the Zhou dynasty, equal to eight cun/tsun; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of 咫).

Etymology 9

[edit]
For pronunciation and definitions of 只 – see 戠 (“sword; to gather; etc.”).
(This character is a nonstandard simplified form of 戠).
Notes:

Japanese

[edit]

Kanji

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只

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

  1. only
  2. simply
  3. just

Readings

[edit]
  • Go-on: し (shi)
  • Kan-on: し (shi)
  • Kun: ただ (tada, 只)

Definitions

[edit]
Kanji in this term
只
ただ
Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 只 – see the following entry.
【ただタダ】
[noun] 徒, 只: ordinary, common, nothing special
[noun] 只: free of charge, free
Alternative spelling
徒
【ただ】
[adjective] 徒, 只: ordinary, simple
[adjective] 徒, 只: nothing
[adverb] 唯, 只, 但: merely, commonly, simply, only
[conjunction] 唯, 只, 但: but, however, although, except that
Alternative spellings
徒, 唯, 但
(This term, 只, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]

只 (eum 지 (ji))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Old Korean

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Conventionally reconstructed as *-k, after the Middle Korean reflexes.

Etymology 1

[edit]

Phonogram

[edit]

只 (*-k)

  1. A consonantal phonogram denoting coda consonant *-k.

Etymology 2

[edit]

Particle

[edit]

只 (*-k)

  1. An emphatic particle attached to the connective form of verbs.
Descendants
[edit]
  • Middle Korean: ㄱ (-k)

Etymology 3

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

只 (*ki-)

  1. The meaning of this term is uncertain. It usually appears after other verbs, taking the honorific suffix 賜 (*-si), and appears to be some kind of auxiliary. It has no known Middle Korean reflex. Nam Pung-hyeon speculates whether it might be connected to or be a variant of 在 (*KYE-).

References

[edit]
  • 남풍현 [nampunghyeon] (2004) “시상의 조동사 '在/𠂇/겨'의 발달' [The development of the aspectual auxiliary kye-]”, in Gugeo gukmunhak, volume 138, pages 5—34
  • 황선엽 (Hwang Seon-yeop) et al. (2009) 석독구결사전/釋讀口訣辭典 [Dictionary of interpretive gugyeol], Bakmunsa, →ISBN, pages 411—549

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

只: Hán Nôm readings: chỉ, chích

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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