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依

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
依 U+4F9D, 依
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F9D
← 侜
[U+4F9C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 侞 →
[U+4F9E]

Translingual

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Han character

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依 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 人卜竹女 (OYHV), four-corner 20232, composition ⿰亻衣)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 102, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 607
  • Dae Jaweon: page 217, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 152, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+4F9D

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 依
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming) Libian (compiled in Qing)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts Clerical script
j18935
j18936
j18937
b12302
s05761
Transcribed ancient scripts
L30337
L02012
L02013
L02014
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (衣) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
哀 *qɯːl
依 *qɯl
衣 *qɯl, *qɯls
扆 *qɯlʔ
庡 *qɯlʔ
偯 *qɯlʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qɯl) : semantic 亻 (“human”) + phonetic 衣 (OC *qɯl, *qɯls).

Etymology 1

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simp. and trad.
 依

Probably cognate with 倚 (OC *qralʔ, *qrals) (Wang, 1982). Perhaps 因 (OC *qin) is an allofam (Pulleyblank, 1991), though the vowels do not agree (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 依
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 微 (20)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 於希切
Baxter 'j+j
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔɨi/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔɨi/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔiəi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔɨj/
Li
Rong 		/ʔiəi/
Wang
Li 		/ĭəi/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ʔe̯i/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yī
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ji1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 依
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yī
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ʔjɨj ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔəj/
English lean upon

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 依
Reading # 1/1
No. 14836
Phonetic
component 		衣
Rime
group 		微
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		依
Old
Chinese 		/*qɯl/

Definitions

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依

  1. to lean on
  2. to rely on; to depend on
  3. to obey; to comply with; to agree to
  4. according to; in accordance with; in light of; in a manner conforming to; in compliance with
  5. Used in 依稀 (yīxī).
  6. a surname: Yi
Synonyms
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  • (to rely on):
  • (according to):

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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simp. and trad.
 依
alternative forms 𠵱
伊
咿

Dialectal variant of 呢 (ni1).

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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依

  1. (Cantonese) this; these
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 這 (“this”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 此, 斯, 是, 之, 茲 anteclassical, 夫, 爾
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 這
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 這
Taiwan 這
Chengde 這
Chifeng 這
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 這
Heihe 這
Qiqihar 這
Jiamusi 這
Baicheng 這
Changchun 這
Tonghua 這
Shenyang 這
Jinzhou 這
Malaysia 這
Singapore 這
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 這
Tangshan 這
Cangzhou 這
Baoding 這
Shijiazhuang 這
Lijin 這
Jinan 這
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 這
Dandong 這
Yantai 這
Qingdao 這
Zhucheng 這
Central Plains Mandarin Lingbao 這
Jining 這
Linfen 這
Shangqiu 這
Yuanyang 這
Zhengzhou 這
Xinyang 這
Baihe 這
Xi'an 這
Baoji 這
Tianshui 這
Xining 這
Xuzhou 這
Pizhou 這
Lianyungang (Ganyu) 這
Donghai 這
Fuyang 這
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 這
Lanzhou 這
Dunhuang 這
Hami 這
Ürümqi 這
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 這
Nanchong 這
Dazhou 這
Hanyuan 這
Xichang 這
Zigong 這
Chongqing 這
Wuhan 這
Yichang 這
Tianmen 這
Guiyang 這
Zunyi 這
Bijie 這
Liping 這
Zhaotong 這
Dali 這
Kunming 這
Mengzi 這
Guilin 這
Liuzhou 這
Jishou 這
Changde 這
Hanzhong 這
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 這
Yangzhou 這
Baoying 這
Taizhou 這
Zhenjiang 這
Lianyungang 這
Huai'an (Huaiyin) 這
Lianshui 這
Xuyi 這
Nantong 這
Rugao 這
Yancheng 這
Funing 這
Sihong 這
Wuhu 這
Hefei 這
Hong'an 這
Cantonese Guangzhou 呢, 依
Hong Kong 呢, 依
Macau 呢
Taishan 該
Dongguan 呢
Yangjiang 果
Nanning 阿
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 呢
Singapore (Guangfu) 呢, 依
Gan Nanchang 箇
Nanchang (Wangcheng) 箇
Anyi 箇
Lushan 箇
Duchang 箇
Wuning (Quankou) 該
Poyang 箇
Yugan 該
Wannian 該
Yanshan (Hekou) 這
Yichun 箇
Yifeng 箇
Gao'an 箇
Fengxin 箇
Shanggao 里
Wanzai 箇
Fengcheng 該
Xinyu 該
Fuzhou (Shangdundu) 該
Fuzhou (Dongxiang) 箇
Nancheng 箇
Nanfeng 箇
Yihuang 箇
Lichuan 該
Chongren 該
Pingxiang 該
Ji'an 蓋
Taihe 箇
Xiajiang 該
Yingtan (Yujiang) 箇
Guixi 箇
Jianning 個
Jinxian 箇
Jinxi 箇
Le'an 該
Guangchang 改
Suichuan 底
Wan'an 介
Jing'an 箇
Zhangshu 該
Xingan 個
Fenyi 改
Hakka Changting 爾
Ninghua 只
Qingliu 這
Yudu 底
Ningdu 底
Ruijin 底
Shicheng 底
Xunwu 底
Huichang 底
Xingguo 界
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 這
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 這
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 這
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 這
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 這
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 這
Hong Kong 這
Huizhou Jixi 爾
Shexian 這
Wuyuan 伊
Jin Taiyuan 這
Yangyuan 這
Datong 這
Xinzhou 這
Lüliang (Lishi) 這
Changzhi 這
Linhe 這
Jining 這
Hohhot 這
Erenhot 這
Pingshan 這
Zhangjiakou 這
Handan 這
Suide 這
Northern Min Jian'ou 𱕇
Eastern Min Fuzhou 只, 者, 嚽
Fuzhou (Changle) 這
Lianjiang 這
Fuqing 者
Pingtan 這
Yongtai 這
Minqing 這
Gutian 這
Pingnan 這
Luoyuan 這
Fu'an 這
Ningde 這
Xiapu 這
Zherong 這
Shouning 這
Zhouning 這
Fuding 這
Singapore (Fuqing) 這
Southern Min Xiamen 這
Xiamen (Tong'an) 這
Quanzhou 只, 這
Jinjiang 這
Nan'an 這
Shishi 這
Hui'an 這
Anxi 這
Yongchun 這
Dehua 這
Zhangzhou 這
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 這
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 這
Hua'an 這
Nanjing 這
Pinghe 這
Zhangpu 這
Yunxiao 這
Zhao'an 只
Dongshan 這
Taipei 這
Kinmen 這
Penang (Hokkien) 這
Singapore (Hokkien) 這
Manila (Hokkien) 這
Longyan 迄好
Zhangping 這
Chaozhou 只
Shantou 只
Jieyang 只
Haifeng 只
Singapore (Teochew) 只
Batam (Teochew) 只
Wenchang 這
Haikou 這
Singapore (Hainanese) 這
Puxian Min Putian 只蜀
Xianyou 只蜀
Central Min Yong'an 這
Sanming (Shaxian) 這
Shaojiang Min Guangze 當
Jiangle 者
Mingxi 只
Shunchang 這
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 亞
Shehua Cangnan 這
Jingning (Hexi) 個
Wu Shanghai 搿, 迭 dated, 第 obsolete
Shanghai (Songjiang) 搿
Shanghai (Fengxian) 格
Shanghai (Jinshan) 格
Shanghai (Chongming) 吉, 講, 葛 also that
Suzhou 該, 搿
Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang) 個
Wuxi 意
Changshu 俚
Jiaxing 葛
Jiashan 葛
Pinghu 葛
Haining (Yanguan) 葛
Tongxiang 葛
Haiyan 葛
Changzhou 資
Danyang 格
Nanjing (Gaochun) 格
Huzhou 格
Changxing 格
Anji 格
Deqing 葛
Hangzhou 葛
Hangzhou (Yuhang) 葛
Hangzhou (Lin'an) 葛
Hangzhou (Fuyang) 葛
Tonglu 葛
Tonglu (Wusheng) 個個
Shaoxing 咸
Zhuji 咸
Shengzhou 咸
Xinchang 咸
Ningbo 葛
Ningbo (Zhenhai) 葛
Yuyao 耶
Cixi 葛
Taizhou (Huangyan) 葛
Tiantai 葛
Sanmen 葛
Wenling 葛, 格
Wenzhou 個
Yueqing 個
Yongjia (Fenglin) 個
Rui'an 個
Pingyang 個
Taishun 這
Wencheng 個
Lishui 已
Qingtian 已
Jinyun 已
Songyang (Xiping) 益
Yunhe 益
Qingyuan 這
Longquan 搭
Suichang 益
Jiangshan 益
Changshan 益
Kaihua 益
Longyou 個
Jinhua 等, 待
Yiwu 吾
Yongkang 個
Pujiang 這, 吉
Dongyang 個
Wuyi 愛個
Lanxi 個
Shangrao 這
Shangrao (Guangfeng) 伊
Yushan 伊
Xiang Changsha 咯
Shuangfeng 咯

Compounds

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Etymology 3

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simp. and trad.
 依
alternative forms 阿

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “related to 阿?”)

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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依

  1. (Eastern Min) Used in front of persons' given names or kinship terms to express familiarity.

Compounds

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Etymology 4

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For pronunciation and definitions of 依 – see 𪘲 (“to grin, to smile”).
(This character is a variant form of 𪘲).

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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依

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

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  • Go-on: え (e, Jōyō †)
  • Kan-on: い (i, Jōyō)
  • Kun: よる (yoru, 依る)
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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
依
い
Grade: S
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 依 (MC 'j+j).

The kan'on pronunciation, so likely a later borrowing.

Pronunciation

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Affix

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依(い) • (i) 

  1. rely on; depend on
  2. according to
  3. as before
    依(い)然(ぜん) ― izen ― same as before, still
Derived terms
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Derived terms

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
依
え
Grade: S
goon

From Middle Chinese 依 (MC 'j+j).

The goon pronunciation, so likely the initial borrowing.

Pronunciation

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Affix

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依(え) • (e) 

  1. rely on; depend on

Korean

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Hanja

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依 (eum 의 (ui))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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依: Hán Nôm readings: y, e, ỷ, ỉa

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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