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底

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 厎
底 U+5E95, 底
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5E95
← 应
[U+5E94] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 庖 →
[U+5E96]

Translingual

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Stroke order
8 strokes

Han character

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底 (Kangxi radical 53, 广+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 戈竹心一 (IHPM) or 戈竹女戈 (IHVI), four-corner 00242, composition ⿸广氐)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 344, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9262
  • Dae Jaweon: page 653, character 28
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 878, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+5E95

Chinese

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trad. 底
simp. # 底

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (氐) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
低 *tiːl
氐 *tiːl, *til
袛 *tiːl
羝 *tiːl
眡 *tiːl, *djilʔ
岻 *tiːl, *dil
奃 *tiːl
趆 *tiːl, *tiːls
柢 *tiːl, *tiːlʔ, *tiːls
邸 *tiːlʔ
底 *tiːlʔ
詆 *tiːlʔ, *diːl
坻 *tiːlʔ, *tjelʔ, *dil
抵 *tiːlʔ
牴 *tiːlʔ
觝 *tiːlʔ
弤 *tiːlʔ
軧 *tiːlʔ
骶 *tiːls
砥 *tjelʔ, *tjil, *tjilʔ, *tjils
胝 *til
疷 *til
秪 *til
泜 *dil
蚳 *dil
彽 *dil
阺 *dil
貾 *dil
祗 *tjil
厎 *tjilʔ, *tjɯʔ
茋 *tjilʔ
鴟 *tʰjil
汦 *kjeʔ, *tjil

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tiːlʔ) : semantic 广 (“building”) + phonetic 氐 (OC *tiːl, *til) – the bottom or base, foundation of a building. Note that 氐, according to one interpretation, is a figure bowing or the root of a tree, hence a connotation of "down"; if the interpretation is correct, the phonetic component also adds part of the meaning.

Etymology 1

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Cognate with 低 (OC *tiːl, “to lower; low”), 柢 (OC *tiːl, *tiːlʔ, *tiːls, “root of a tree; base”).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • tái - vernacular;
  • tí - literary.
Note:
  • dā̤ - vernacular;
  • dī - literary.
Note:
  • Xiamen, Quanzhou:
    • té - literary;
    • tóe - vernacular;
    • tí - vernacular (limited, e.g. 到底).
  • Zhangzhou:
    • té - literary;
    • tí - vernacular (limited, e.g. 到底).
  • Taiwan:
    • té/tóe/tére - vernacular;
    • tí - literary.
Note:
  • doi2/doin2 - vernacular;
  • di2 - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 底
Mandarin Beijing /ti²¹⁴/
Harbin /ti²¹³/
Tianjin /ti¹³/
Jinan /ti⁵⁵/
Qingdao /ti⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ti⁵³/
Xi'an /ti⁵³/
Xining /t͡sz̩⁵³/
Yinchuan /ti⁵³/
Lanzhou /ti⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /ti⁵¹/
Wuhan /ti⁴²/
Chengdu /ti⁵³/
Guiyang /ti⁴²/
Kunming /ti⁵³/
Nanjing /ti²¹²/
Hefei /t͡sz̩⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /ti⁵³/
Pingyao /ti⁵³/
Hohhot /ti⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /ti³⁵/
Suzhou /ti⁵¹/
Hangzhou /ti⁵³/
Wenzhou /tei³⁵/
Hui Shexian /ti³⁵/
Tunxi /te³¹/
Xiang Changsha /ti⁴¹/
Xiangtan /ti⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /ti²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /tai³¹/
Taoyuan /tɑi³¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /tɐi³⁵/
Nanning /tɐi²²/
Hong Kong /tɐi³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /te⁵³/
/tue⁵³/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /tɛ³²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /tai²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /toi⁵³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ʔdi²¹³/
/ʔdɔi²¹³/
Rime
Character 底
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 齊 (39)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 都禮切
Baxter tejX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/teiX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/teiX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tɛiX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tɛjX/
Li
Rong 		/teiX/
Wang
Li 		/tieiX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/tieiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		dǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		dai2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 底
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		dǐ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tejX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tˁijʔ/
English bottom; stop, obstruct

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 底
Reading # 1/1
No. 2244
Phonetic
component 		氐
Rime
group 		脂
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		邸
Old
Chinese 		/*tiːlʔ/

Definitions

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底

  1. bottom; underneath; underside
  2. ground; background
  3. ins and outs; actual situation
  4. master copy
  5. (Cantonese) copy kept as a record
    留底 [Cantonese]  ―  lau4 dai2 [Jyutping]  ―  to keep a copy
  6. end (of a year or month)
    See also: 年底, 月底
    六月底 [Cantonese]  ―  luk6 jyut6 dai2 [Jyutping]  ―  end of June
  7. remnants; remains; leftovers
  8. (Southern Min) inside
    糜底 [Teochew]  ―  in the congee
  9. (mathematics) base (of triangle, logarithm, etc.)
  10. (Cantonese) staple food as the base of a meal
    伊麵底／伊面底 [Cantonese]  ―  ji1 min6 dai2 [Jyutping]  ―  e-fu noodles as the base (e.g., for lobster)
    加底 [Cantonese]  ―  gaa1 dai2 [Jyutping]  ―  to add rice in a meal
  11. (Hong Kong Cantonese) tendency in one's personality; leaning
    燥底 [Cantonese]  ―  cou3 dai2 [Jyutping]  ―  having a bad temper
    紅底／红底 [Cantonese]  ―  hung4 dai2 [Jyutping]  ―  having pro-CCP leanings
    M底 [Cantonese]  ―  em1 dai2 [Jyutping]  ―  having a masochistic side
  12. (Cantonese) physique; constitution (of a person)
    寒底 [Cantonese]  ―  hon4 dai2 [Jyutping]  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  13. (Cantonese) ground; foundation
    我數底好差。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    我数底好差。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    ngo5 sou3 dai2 hou2 caa1. [Jyutping]
    My foundation of math is very poor.
  14. (Cantonese) background (of a person); criminal record
    佢個底花嗮。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    佢个底花嗮。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    keoi5 go3 dai2 faa1 saai3. [Jyutping]
    His criminal record is all dirty and messy.
  15. (Cantonese) underpants (short for 底褲 / 底裤 (dai2 fu3)) (Classifier: 條／条 c)
    紅底／红底 [Cantonese]  ―  hung4 dai2 [Jyutping]  ―  red underpants
    露底 [Cantonese]  ―  lou6 dai2 [Jyutping]  ―  to expose one's underpants
  16. (Cantonese) Classifier for pastry made or served in flat-shaped container.
    半底雞蛋仔／半底鸡蛋仔 [Cantonese]  ―  bun3 dai2 gai1 daan6 zai2 [Jyutping]  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    過年整咗一底蘿蔔糕同一底年糕。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    过年整咗一底萝卜糕同一底年糕。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    gwo3 nin4 zing2 zo2 jat1 dai2 lo4 baak6 gou1 tung4 jat1 dai2 nin4 gou1. [Jyutping]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  17. Short for 底細／底细 (dǐxì).

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Definitions

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底

  1. † possessive particle, equivalent to modern Mandarin 的 (de)

Etymology 3

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From 等 (MC tojX), probably a clipping or influenced by 何等 (OC *ɡaːl tɯːʔ/tɯːŋʔ).

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 底
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 齊 (39)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 都禮切
Baxter tejX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/teiX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/teiX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tɛiX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tɛjX/
Li
Rong 		/teiX/
Wang
Li 		/tieiX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/tieiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		dǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		dai2

Definitions

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底

  1. (literary or Min) which; what

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 哪 (“which”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 何, 孰
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 哪
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 哪
Taiwan 哪
Malaysia 哪
Singapore 哪
Cantonese Guangzhou 邊
Hong Kong 邊
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 選
Taishan 哪
Yangjiang 邊
Singapore (Guangfu) 邊
Hakka Miaoli (N. Sixian) 哪
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 哪
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 哪
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 哪
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 哪
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 哪
Hong Kong 哪
Eastern Min Fuzhou 底
Fuqing 底
Southern Min Xiamen 佗
Quanzhou 佗
Zhangzhou 佗
Taipei 佗
Kaohsiung 佗
Singapore (Hokkien) 佗
Chaozhou 底
Singapore (Teochew) 底
Haikou 底
Singapore (Hainanese) 底
Wu Shanghai 阿裡, 賴裡
Wenzhou 若, 狃

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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底

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

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  • Go-on: たい (tai)
  • Kan-on: てい (tei, Jōyō)
  • Kun: そこ (soko, 底, Jōyō)、なんぞ (nanzo)
  • Nanori: いたる (itaru)

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
底
そこ
Grade: 4
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

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Noun

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底(そこ) • (soko) 

  1. the bottom
    底(そこ)に沈(しず)む
    soko ni shizumu
    sink to the bottom
Antonyms
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Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
底
てい
Grade: 4
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 底 (tejX).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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底(てい) • (tei) 

  1. base of a logarithm

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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底 • (jeo, ji) (hangeul 저, 지, revised jeo, ji, McCune–Reischauer chŏ, chi)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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底: Hán Nôm readings: để, đáy, đễ

  1. to place
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