Jump to content

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also:
U+963F, 阿
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-963F

[U+963E]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+9640]

Translingual

[edit]
Stroke order
8 strokes

Han character

[edit]

(Kangxi radical 170, +5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 弓中一弓口 (NLMNR), four-corner 71220, composition )

Derived characters

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1348, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41599
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1850, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4119, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+963F

Chinese

[edit]
simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character
Warring States
Bronze inscriptions

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *qaːl) : semantic + phonetic (OC *kʰaːlʔ): Originally meaning a big mound.

Etymology 1

[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔa(ŋ/k)- (noun prefix) (STEDT). Compare Burmese အ- (a.-, idem) (Schuessler, 2007, p. 149).

“atto-”
Borrowed from English atto-.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.
Note:
  • ă - vernacular;
  • ŏ̤ - literary.
Note:
  • a - vernacular;
  • o - literary.

Definitions

[edit]

  1. Prefix used in front of the surname or last character of someone’s given name to express familiarity or friendliness (traditionally used in rural or southern Chinese dialects).
    Alternative forms: (dated)  / , (Hong Kong Cantonese neologism)
      ―  ā  ―  dad
      ―  Ā Biǎn  ―  Ah Bian (Chen Shui-bian)
    Q正傳Q正传  ―  Āqiū Zhèngzhuàn”  ―  The True Story of Ah Q
  2. (Hokkien, honorific) Prefix to rank seniority for kinship terms.
    [Hokkien]  ―  a-hiaⁿ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  eldest brother
  3. Alternative form of (ā, á, ǎ, à, a, particle)
  4. Used in transcription.
    根廷  ―  Āgēntíng  ―  Argentina
      ―  Āmàn  ―  Oman
    姆斯特丹  ―  Āmǔsītèdān  ―  Amsterdam
    克拉  ―  Ākèlā  ―  Accra
    歷山大历山大  ―  Ālìshāndà  ―  Alexander
      ―  Āmen  ―  amen
    米巴  ―  āmǐbā  ―  amoeba
    伯丁 [Cantonese]  ―  aa3 baak3 ding1 [Jyutping]  ―  Aberdeen
    1. Short for 阿富汗 (Āfùhàn, “Afghanistan”).
    2. Short for 阿爾巴尼亞阿尔巴尼亚 (Ā'ěrbāníyà, “Albania”).
    3. Short for 阿拉伯 (Ālābó, “Arabic”).
  5. atto- (SI unit prefix)

Compounds

[edit]

See also

[edit]
SI prefix
Last Next
 / (fēi) /

Descendants

[edit]
  • English: Ah

Etymology 2

[edit]

From ().

Pronunciation

[edit]

Definitions

[edit]

  1. (Nanjing Mandarin, Northern Wu, including Suzhounese) Interrogative particle

Etymology 3

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.
Note:
  • Quanzhou:
    • o - vernacular;
    • o͘ - literary.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (34)
Final () (94)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter 'a
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ʔɑ/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʔɑ/
Shao
Rongfen
/ʔɑ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʔa/
Li
Rong
/ʔɑ/
Wang
Li
/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/ʔɑ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
ē
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
o1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
ē ē
Middle
Chinese
‹ ʔa › ‹ ʔa ›
Old
Chinese
/*qˁa[j]/ /*ʔˁa/ (< *qˁaj)
English slope, river bank 阿會亘 ēhuìxuān: Skt. ābhāsvara “shining” (E. Hàn)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 7468
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*qaːl/

Definitions

[edit]

  1. big mound; mountain
  2. hillside
  3. fine silks
  4. (literary, of a mountain or stream) bend; corner
  5. waterside
  6. nearby; near
  7. to flatter; to pander to
    諛奉承谀奉承  ―  ēyúfèngchéng  ―  sweet-talking
  8. to be unfairly partial to
  9. Alternative form of (ē, to excrete)
  10. a surname

Compounds

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]
Sino-Xenic ():

Japanese

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

Readings

[edit]
  • Go-on: (a)
  • Kan-on: (a)
  • Kun: くま (kuma, )おもねる (omoneru, 阿る)
  • Nanori: (o)くま (kuma)

Etymology 1

[edit]
Kanji in this term

Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese (MC 'a).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

() (a

  1. The first letter of Sanskrit, (a).
Derived terms
[edit]
See also
[edit]

Affix

[edit]

() (a

  1. to flatter; to pander to
  2. ridge (of roof); eaves
  3. A prefix expressing familiarity.
  4. Used as a phonetic element, especially in words from Sanskrit.
  5. Short for アフリカ (Afurika, Africa).
  6. Short for 阿波国 (Awa no kuni, Awa Province).
Derived terms
[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]
Kanji in this term
くま
Jinmeiyō
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
くま
[noun] , , : corner, nook, recess
[noun] , , : shade, shadow, dark area
[noun] , , : dark circles under one's eyes. often clarified as 目の下のくま.
Alternative spellings
,
(This term, , is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]

(eumhun 언덕 (eondeok a))
(eumhun 호칭 (hoching ok))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

[edit]

References

[edit]

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

: Hán Việt readings: a, á
: Nôm readings: a, à

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

[edit]