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要

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 贾
要 U+8981, 要
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8981
← 覀
[U+8980] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 覂 →
[U+8982]

Translingual

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Stroke order
9 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

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要 (Kangxi radical 146, 襾+3, 9 strokes, cangjie input 一田女 (MWV), four-corner 10404, composition ⿱覀女)

Derived characters

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Descendants

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1128, character 16
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34768
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1597, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2805, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+8981

Chinese

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trad. 要
simp. # 要
2nd round simp. ⿱⺄女
alternative forms 𡢗

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 要
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (要) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
腰 *qew
要 *qew, *qews
葽 *qew, *qews, *qeːw, *qeːwʔ
喓 *qew
闄 *qewʔ
偠 *qeːwʔ
騕 *qeːwʔ
婹 *qeːwʔ

Pictogram (象形) : a man 大 then drawn as a woman (女) with two hands pointing to his/her midsection. On top of the character there was huge eye 目, then stylized as a horn 角. The hands gradually shifted upwards; hence, a nearly-original version of the character is 𡢗. All the upper part was eventually stylized as 覀. Unrelated to 栗 but partly related to 票.

Original meaning was “waist” (now 腰 (OC *qew)).

Pronunciation 1

[edit]
Note:
  • iou1 - Chaozhou;
  • iao1 - Shantou, Jieyang, Chaoyang.
Rime
Character 要
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 宵 (91)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 於霄切
Baxter 'jiew
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔiᴇu/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔiɛu/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔjæu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔiaw/
Li
Rong 		/ʔiɛu/
Wang
Li 		/ĭɛu/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ʔi̯ɛu/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yāo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jiu1
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 要
Reading # 1/2
No. 14748
Phonetic
component 		要
Rime
group 		宵
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		要
Old
Chinese 		/*qew/
This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!
Particularly: “Taishanese”

Definitions

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要

  1. to demand; to ask; to request
    要求  ―  yāoqiú  ―  to request
  2. to force; to coerce
    要脅／要胁  ―  yāoxié  ―  to threaten, to blackmail
  3. to promise
    要約／要约  ―  yāoyuē  ―  to restrict, to agree to a contract/offer/bid
  4. to block; to intercept
    要擊／要击  ―  yāojī  ―  to intercept, to ambush
  5. (obsolete) Alternative form of 邀 (“to invite”)
  6. (obsolete) Alternative form of 腰 (“waist”)
  7. (obsolete) contract of alliance
    久要  ―  jiǔyāo  ―  former contract
  8. a surname

Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (要):
  • → Japanese: 要(よう) (yō)
  • → Korean: 요(要) (yo)
  • → Vietnamese: yêu (要)

Compounds

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Pronunciation 2

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Note:
  • iou3 - Chaozhou;
  • iao3 - Shantou, Jieyang, Chaoyang.
Rime
Character 要
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 宵 (91)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 於笑切
Baxter 'jiewH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔiᴇuH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔiɛuH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔjæuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔiawH/
Li
Rong 		/ʔiɛuH/
Wang
Li 		/ĭɛuH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ʔi̯ɛuH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yào
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jiu3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 要
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yào
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ʔjiewH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[q]ew(k)-s/
English important

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 要
Reading # 2/2
No. 14752
Phonetic
component 		要
Rime
group 		宵
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		要
Old
Chinese 		/*qews/

Definitions

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要

  1. to want; to wish
    我要睡覺。／我要睡觉。  ―  Wǒ yào shuìjiào.  ―  I want to sleep.
    你要不要喝茶？  ―  Nǐ yào bù yào hē chá?  ―  Do you want some tea?
  2. to wish to have or keep
    你要番茄醬嗎？／你要番茄酱吗？  ―  Nǐ yào fānqiéjiàng ma?  ―  Do you want ketchup?
    這本書你還要嗎？ [MSC, trad.]
    这本书你还要吗？ [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè běn shū nǐ hái yào ma? [Pinyin]
    Do you still want this book?
    他想要一部新手機。 [MSC, trad.]
    他想要一部新手机。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā xiǎng yào yī bù xīn shǒujī. [Pinyin]
    He wants to have a new cell phone.
  3. to ask for
    我要了一瓶啤酒。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
    Wǒ yào le yī píng píjiǔ. [Pinyin]
    I asked for a bottle of beer.
    弟弟又跟媽媽要錢了。 [MSC, trad.]
    弟弟又跟妈妈要钱了。 [MSC, simp.]
    Dìdì yòu gēn māmā yào qián le. [Pinyin]
    My brother asked mom for money again.
  4. to request
    他要我給他買本書。 [MSC, trad.]
    他要我给他买本书。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā yào wǒ gěi tā mǎi běn shū. [Pinyin]
    He requested that I buy a book for him.
    老闆要我馬上回覆。 [MSC, trad.]
    老板要我马上回覆。 [MSC, simp.]
    Lǎobǎn yào wǒ mǎshàng huífù. [Pinyin]
    My boss demanded that I reply immediately.
  5. to need
    從這裡到上海要兩個小時。 [MSC, trad.]
    从这里到上海要两个小时。 [MSC, simp.]
    Cóng zhèlǐ dào Shànghǎi yào liǎng ge xiǎoshí. [Pinyin]
    It takes two hours to reach Shanghai from here.
    養大一個孩子要多少錢？ [MSC, trad.]
    养大一个孩子要多少钱？ [MSC, simp.]
    Yǎng dà yī ge háizǐ yào duōshào qián? [Pinyin]
    How much does it take to raise a child?
  6. will; going to (future auxiliary)
    我要走了。  ―  Wǒ yào zǒu le.  ―  I am going to go.
    我怕我們要遲到了。 [MSC, trad.]
    我怕我们要迟到了。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ pà wǒmen yào chídào le. [Pinyin]
    I fear that we will be late.
    出便咁黑，又好似要落雨噉。 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
    ceot1 bin6 gam3 hak1, jau6 hou2 ci5 jiu3 lok6 jyu5 gam2. [Jyutping]
    It looks like it's going to rain outside.
  7. should; must; to have to
    不要喝酒。  ―  Bùyào hē jiǔ.  ―  Don't drink alcohol.
    你今天一定要去看病。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
    Nǐ jīntiān yīdìng yào qù kànbìng. [Pinyin]
    You must go to the doctor today.
    你要等一會兒，我的老闆現在正忙得不可開交。 [MSC, trad.]
    你要等一会儿，我的老板现在正忙得不可开交。 [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ yào děng yīhuìr, wǒ de lǎobǎn xiànzài zhèng máng de bùkěkāijiāo. [Pinyin]
    You have to wait a moment. My boss is extremely busy now.
  8. vital; important
    要職／要职  ―  yàozhí  ―  important post
    主要  ―  zhǔyào  ―  main
  9. important points; essentials
  10. if; in case of
    要繫腰帶，就用不著吊帶了。 [MSC, trad.]
    要系腰带，就用不着吊带了。 [MSC, simp.]
    Yào jì yāodài, jiù yòngbùzháo diàodài le. [Pinyin]
    You don't need braces if you're wearing a belt.
  11. (dated Shanghainese) Used to indicate the future tense.
    Synonym: 快

Usage notes

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  • Beware that 要飯／要饭 (yàofàn, literally “to want rice”) is a phrase with the meaning "to be a beggar/loafer" which is insulting to others and should be avoided when asking a person whether they want rice.

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 要 (“to want (to do something)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 欲1
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 要, 欲1
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 要
Taiwan 要, 想
Malaysia 要
Singapore 要
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 要
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 要
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 要
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 要
Wuhan 要
Guilin 要
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 要
Hefei 要
Cantonese Guangzhou 要, 想
Hong Kong 要, 想
Shenzhen (Dapeng) 愛
Yangjiang 愛
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 要, 想, 愛
Singapore (Guangfu) 要, 想
Gan Nanchang 要
Hakka Meixian 愛
Longmen (Luxi; Bendihua) 愛
Wuhua (Meilin) 愛
Zijin 愛
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 愛
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 愛
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 愛
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 愛
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 愛
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 愛, 討
Kuching (Hepo) 愛
Jin Taiyuan 要
Northern Min Jian'ou 讓
Eastern Min Fuzhou 欲3
Southern Min Xiamen 欲3
Quanzhou 欲3
Jinjiang 欲3
Zhangzhou 欲3
Taipei 欲3
New Taipei (Sanxia) 欲3
Kaohsiung 欲3
Yilan 欲3
Changhua (Lukang) 欲3
Taichung 欲3
Tainan 欲3
Hsinchu 欲3
Kinmen 欲3
Penghu (Magong) 欲3
Penang (Hokkien) 愛
Singapore (Hokkien) 愛, 欲3
Manila (Hokkien) 欲3, 愛
Medan (Hokkien) 愛
Chaozhou 愛
Shantou 愛
Haifeng 愛
Singapore (Teochew) 愛
Wenchang 欲3
Qionghai 欲3
Singapore (Hainanese) 欲3
Wu Shanghai 要
Suzhou 要
Wenzhou 愛
Lishui 樂
Xiang Changsha 要
Shuangfeng 要
Dialectal synonyms of 要 (“to wish to have; to want (an object)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 要
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 要
Taiwan 要
Singapore 要
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 要
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 要
Central Plains Mandarin Wanrong 要
Xi'an 要
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 要
Wuhan 要
Guiyang 要
Guilin 要
Jianghuai Mandarin Hefei 要
Cantonese Guangzhou 要, 愛
Hong Kong 要, 愛
Yangjiang 愛, 捰
Singapore (Guangfu) 要
Gan Nanchang 要
Lichuan 要
Hakka Meixian 愛
Longmen (Luxi; Bendihua) 愛
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 愛
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 愛
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 愛
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 愛
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 愛
Huizhou Jixi 要
Jin Taiyuan 要
Northern Min Jian'ou 讓
Eastern Min Fuzhou 欲挃, 挃
Southern Min Xiamen 欲挃
Quanzhou 欲挃
Zhangzhou 欲挃
Tainan 欲挃
Singapore (Hokkien) 愛
Manila (Hokkien) 欲挃, 挃, 愛
Chaozhou 愛
Jieyang 愛
Singapore (Teochew) 愛
Wenchang 要
Singapore (Hainanese) 要
Wu Suzhou 要
Wenzhou 要
Xiang Changsha 要
Loudi 要

Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (要):

Compounds

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Pronunciation 3

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Definitions

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要

  1. (archaic) Alternative form of 偠 (yǎo)
  2. Used in 要褭／要袅.

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai 要
Kyūjitai
[1]
要󠄁
要+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
要󠄃
要+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.
See also 要する

Kanji

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要

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. need, necessity
  2. essential

Readings

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Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
要
よう
Grade: 4
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 要 (MC 'jiew|'jiewH).

First cited to 611 CE.[2]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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要(よう) • (yō) ←えう (eu)?

  1. [611] key, important point
  2. [circa 999] essential piece of something, requirement
    要(よう)予約(よやく)
    yō yoyaku
    reservation is required
    要(よう)確認(かくにん)
    yō kakunin
    to be confirmed

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
要
かなめ
Grade: 4
kun'yomi
要 (kaname, kanome): the kaname is the metal rivet at the base of the handle.
要 (kaname, kanome): close-up of the kaname of a fan.

/kani no me/ → /kanome/ → /kaname/

A shift from older 蟹の目 (kani no me, “crab's eye”) from a superficial resemblance of the round pinhead of a folding fan to a crab's eye, influenced by a reanalysis of the term as 金目 (kaname, literally “metal” + visually prominent feature), as the pins were increasingly made from metal instead of earlier bamboo, wood, or whalebone.[4]

First cited to 1220.[2]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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要(かなめ) • (kaname) 

  1. [1254] a pin or rivet holding the spines of a folding fan together
    Synonyms: 要 (kanome), 蟹の目 (kani no me)
  2. [1220] (by extension) a pivot, cornerstone, keystone
    Synonym: (cornerstone, keystone) 要石 (kaname ishi)
  3. [1612] a pin, often decorated, holding the handle to the tang of a katana
    Synonym: 目貫 (menuki)
  4. [1712] Short for 要黐 (kaname mochi): a tree, Japanese photinia (Photinia glabra)
    Synonyms: カナメモチ (kaname mochi), (kanji spelling seems to be less common) 要黐 (kaname mochi)
  5. [1906] (architecture) in a certain kind of traditional Japanese hip roof where the rafters splay out like the spines of a fan, the central point to which the rafter lines converge
    Coordinate term: (literally “fan rafter”) 扇垂木 (ōgi taruki)

Proper noun

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要(かなめ) • (Kaname) 

  1. a female given name

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
要
かのめ
Grade: 4
kun'yomi

/kani no me/ → /kanome/

A shift from older 蟹の目 (kani no me, “crab's eye”) from a superficial resemblance of the round pinhead of a folding fan to a crab's eye, influenced by a reanalysis of the term as 金目 (kaname, literally “metal” + visually prominent feature), as the pins were increasingly made from metal instead of earlier bamboo, wood, or whalebone.[4]

First cited to roughly 1140.[2] This reading may be obsolete, and it is not included in some dictionaries.[3][5][6]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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要(かのめ) • (kanome) 

  1. [circa 1140] (archaic, possibly obsolete) the pin or rivet holding the spines of a folding fan together
Derived terms
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  • 要(かなめ) (kaname)

Etymology 4

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Kanji in this term
要
ぬみ
Grade: 4
kun'yomi
Kanji in this term
要
ぬま
Grade: 4
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
要害

From Old Japanese. Further derivation unknown.

First cited in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE, listed with both readings numa and numi.[7]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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要(ぬま) or 要(ぬみ) • (numa or numi) 

  1. [720] (archaic, possibly obsolete) fortress, redoubt
  2. [720] (archaic, possibly obsolete) important point, key

References

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  1. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1937 (paper), page 1020 (digital)
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 “要”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 “要／かなめ”, in 語源由来辞典 (Gogen Yurai Jiten, “Etymology Derivation Dictionary”) (in Japanese), 2003–2024.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  7. ^ “要害・要”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[2] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

Korean

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Hanja

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要 (eumhun 중요할 요 (jung'yohal yo))

  1. hanja form? of 요 (“importance”)

Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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要: Hán Nôm readings: yếu, yêu

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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