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氏

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 氐
氏 U+6C0F, 氏
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6C0F
← 氎
[U+6C0E] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 氐 →
[U+6C10]
⽒ U+2F52, ⽒
KANGXI RADICAL CLAN
← ⽑
[U+2F51] 		Kangxi Radicals ⽓ →
[U+2F53]

Translingual

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Stroke order

Han character

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See images of
Radical 83 氏

氏 (Kangxi radical 83, 氏+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 竹女心 (HVP), four-corner 72740, composition ⿸⿱丿𠄌𫠠)

  1. Kangxi radical #83, ⽒.
  2. Shuowen Jiezi radical №449

Derived characters

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Additional Derived Characters

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 597, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17026
  • Dae Jaweon: page 988, character 30
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2130, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+6C0F

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 氏

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 氏
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (氏) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
氏 *skeŋ, *kje, *ɡjeʔ
衹 *kje, *ɡe
紙 *kjeʔ
帋 *kjeʔ
扺 *kjeʔ
坁 *kjeʔ
汦 *kjeʔ, *tjil
忯 *ɡje, *ɡe
眂 *ɡje, *ɡils
舐 *ɦljeʔ
芪 *ɡe
祇 *ɡe
疧 *ɡe
軝 *ɡe
蚔 *ɡe

Pictogram (象形). Various interpretations exist: a man bending over to sow the field (see also 氐 > 低 and 昏),[1] the root of a tree (see also 柢),[2] a man bowing over to the right, a stick with a decoration on top to represent a clan, a spoon (according to Guo Moruo and due to similarity to 匕), a mallet, a man holding an object, etc.

On bronze inscriptions, a black dot was added inside the vertical stroke of the character; then, this point turned into a horizontal stroke 一 while the vertical stroke mutated into a curved trait.

Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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Note:
  • si6 - literary;
  • zin1 - colloquial.
Rime
Character 氏
Reading # 3/3
Initial (聲) 常 (25)
Final (韻) 支 (11)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 承紙切
Baxter dzyeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/d͡ʑiᴇX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/d͡ʑiɛX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/d͡ʑjɛX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/d͡ʑiə̆X/
Li
Rong 		/ʑieX/
Wang
Li 		/ʑǐeX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ʑie̯X/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		si6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 氏
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		shì
Middle
Chinese 		‹ dzyeX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*k.deʔ/
English clan

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 氏
Reading # 3/3
No. 11523
Phonetic
component 		氏
Rime
group 		支
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		是
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡjeʔ/
Notes 甲金文象人俯伏手臂下據着地（右下菱形象封土，
指胙土命氏，金文省爲圓點），以表對氏族份地的禮敬，
後轉註爲坁祇，
非乁聲

Definitions

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氏

  1. clan; family; lineage; hereditary house
    夏后氏  ―  xiàhòushì  ―  The (Sovereign) House of Xia
    氏族  ―  shìzú  ―  tribe; clan
  2. surname
  3. person with the surname of ...; Mr.
    無名氏／无名氏  ―  wúmíngshì  ―  Anonymous
  4. (historical) née; born as; maiden name
  5. suffix to a personal proper noun for attribution (of a work, invention, discovery, etc.)
    《呂氏春秋》／《吕氏春秋》  ―  “Lǚshìchūnqiū”  ―  Lü's Spring and Autumn
    歐氏管／欧氏管  ―  ōushìguǎn  ―  Eustachian tube
  6. (Classical) suffix to a noun that refers to family membership (actual or honorary)
Usage notes
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  • The meaning of "née" has become largely obsolete, as current Chinese practice is for married women to continue to use their former surnames. The practice of sometimes adopting the husband's surname is being revived, however. 氏 follows the maiden name, which follows the married name — 張氏 (“née Zhang”), 李張氏 (“Li née Zhang”), or 配張氏 (“married to a lady of the Zhang clan”).
See also
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Compounds

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Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 氏
Reading # 1/3
Initial (聲) 章 (23)
Final (韻) 支 (11)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 章移切
Baxter tsye
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡ɕiᴇ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡ɕiɛ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡ɕjɛ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ciə̆/
Li
Rong 		/t͡ɕie/
Wang
Li 		/t͡ɕǐe/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/t͡ɕie̯/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhī
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zi1
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 氏
Reading # 2/3
No. 11515
Phonetic
component 		氏
Rime
group 		支
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		支
Old
Chinese 		/*kje/
Notes 月氏

Definitions

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氏

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Used in 月氏 (yuèzhī, “Yuezhi”).
  2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Used in 閼氏／阏氏 (yānzhī, “wife of a Xiongnu chief”).

Compounds

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Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 氏
Reading # 2/3
Initial (聲) 精 (13)
Final (韻) 清 (121)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 子盈切
Baxter tsjeng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡siᴇŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡siɛŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡siæŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/t͡siajŋ/
Li
Rong 		/t͡siɛŋ/
Wang
Li 		/t͡sĭɛŋ/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/t͡si̯ɛŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jīng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zing1
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 氏
Reading # 1/3
No. 11513
Phonetic
component 		氏
Rime
group 		耕
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		精
Old
Chinese 		/*skeŋ/
Notes 漢縣

Definitions

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氏

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) Only used in 狋氏 (“name of an ancient county”).

References

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  1. ^ [1] Retrieved 2019-12-11
  2. ^ [2] Retrieved 2019-12-11

Japanese

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Kanji

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氏

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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  • Go-on: じ (ji)、し (shi, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
  • Kun: うじ (uji, 氏, Jōyō)

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
氏
し
Grade: 4
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 氏 (MC dzyeX).

Pronunciation

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  • Pitch accent only applies when used as a standalone noun.

Noun

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氏(し) • (shi) 

  1. a family, a clan
  2. a certain person

Suffix

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氏(し) • (-shi) 

  1. (honorific) Mr.; Ms.

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
氏
うじ
Grade: 4
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 氏 – see the following entry.
【うじ】
[noun] (historical) a clan
[noun] a family name, a surname
[noun] one's house, birth, lineage
[suffix] (historical, honorific) a clan (added after the clan name as an honorific)
(This term, 氏, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology 1

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From Middle Chinese 氏 (MC dzyeX). Has unusual tensing, the only other such readings being 雙 (ssang) and 喫 (kkik).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 씽〯 (Yale: ssǐ)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] 각시〮 (Yale: kàksí) 시〮 (Yale: sí)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

氏 (eumhun 성씨(姓氏) 씨 (seongssi ssi))

  1. hanja form? of 씨 (“lineage; surname”)
  2. hanja form? of 씨 (“Mr.; Ms.”)

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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From Middle Chinese 氏 (MC tsye).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 징 (Yale: cì)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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氏 (eumhun 나라 이름 지 (nara ireum ji))

  1. (historical) hanja form? of 지 (“Only used in 월지 (月氏, wolji)”)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [4]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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氏: Hán Nôm readings: thị

  1. chữ Hán form of Thị (“a female middle name”).
    阮氏B ― Nguyễn Thị B ― Jane Doe
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