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點

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 点
點 U+9EDE, 點
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9EDE
← 黝
[U+9EDD] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 黟 →
[U+9EDF]

Translingual

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Japanese 点
Simplified 点
Traditional 點

Han character

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點 (Kangxi radical 203, 黑+5, 17 strokes, cangjie input 田火卜口 (WFYR), four-corner 61360, composition ⿰黑占)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1519, character 28
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 48083
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2053, character 16
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4745, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+9EDE

Chinese

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trad. 點
simp. 点
2nd round simp. ⿱占一
alternative forms 㸃
奌

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 點
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (占) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
頕 *taːm
煔 *ɦlaːm, *hljems, *hl'eːms
炶 *ɦlaːm
詀 *rteːm, *rdeːms, *teːm, *tʰjeb
站 *rteːms
檆 *sreːm
黏 *nem
粘 *nem
枮 *slem, *ʔl'ɯm
霑 *tem
沾 *tem, *teːms, *tʰeːm
覘 *tems, *tʰem
鉆 *tʰem, *ɡrem, *tʰeːb
占 *ʔljem, *tjems
颭 *tjemʔ
佔 *tjems, *teːm
苫 *hljem, *hljems
痁 *hljem, *teːms
蛅 *njem
阽 *lem
敁 *teːm
掂 *tiːm
點 *teːmʔ
玷 *teːmʔ, *teːms
店 *tiːms
坫 *tiːms, *tim
黇 *tʰeːm
扂 *deːmʔ
拈 *neːm
鮎 *neːm
砧 *ʔl'ɯm
笘 *teːb
跕 *teːb, *tʰeːb
貼 *tʰeːb
帖 *tʰeːb
怗 *tʰeːb
呫 *tʰeːb

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *teːmʔ) : semantic 黑 (“black”) + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems) – black dots.

Etymology 1

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • dēng - vernacular;
  • diēng - literary.
Note:
  • deng3 - vernacular (e.g. 點心／点心 (diǎnxīn));
  • dieng3 - literary;
  • ting3 - “to nod”.
Note:
  • diam2 - Chaozhou, Shantou, Jieyang, Chaoyang, Raoping, Pontianak;
  • diang2 - Chenghai.
Note: 1tie — Chongming, "A bit".
Rime
Character 點
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 添 (157)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 多忝切
Baxter temX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/temX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/temX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tɛmX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tɛmX/
Li
Rong 		/temX/
Wang
Li 		/tiemX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/tiemX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		diǎn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		dim2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 點
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		diǎn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ temX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tˁemʔ/
English black spot

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 點
Reading # 1/1
No. 16721
Phonetic
component 		占
Rime
group 		談
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		點
Old
Chinese 		/*teːmʔ/

Definitions

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點

  1. dot; spot; speck
    在地圖上，城鎮是用小紅點標出的。 [MSC, trad.]
    在地图上，城镇是用小红点标出的。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zài dìtú shàng, chéngzhèn shì yòng xiǎo hóng diǎn biāo chū de. [Pinyin]
    On the map towns were marked by a red dot.
    船在遠處的水平線上成了一個小點。 [MSC, trad.]
    船在远处的水平线上成了一个小点。 [MSC, simp.]
    Chuán zài yuǎnchù de shuǐpíngxiàn shàng chéngle yī ge xiǎo diǎn. [Pinyin]
    The ship became a mere dot on the horizon.
  2. place; point; spot
  3. point; aspect
    他在這點上很堅持。 [MSC, trad.]
    他在这点上很坚持。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā zài zhè diǎn shàng hěn jiānchí. [Pinyin]
    He is most insistent on this point.
  4. o'clock
    See also: 點鐘
    我今天6點去看他。 [MSC, trad.]
    我今天6点去看他。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ jīntiān 6 diǎn qù kàn tā. [Pinyin]
    I am going to see him today at six o'clock.
    現在幾點了？六點了。 [MSC, trad.]
    现在几点了？六点了。 [MSC, simp.]
    Xiànzài jǐ diǎn le? Liù diǎn le. [Pinyin]
    What time is it? It's six o'clock.
    點零兩點／点零两点 [Cantonese]  ―  dim2 leng4 loeng5 dim2 [Jyutping]  ―  almost two o'clock (literally, “one o'clock plus a bit, two o'clock”)
  5. time
    飯點／饭点  ―  fàndiǎn  ―  mealtime
  6. (mathematics) point
    我們可以用一條直線把點A和B聯結起來。 [MSC, trad.]
    我们可以用一条直线把点A和B联结起来。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒmen kěyǐ yòng yī tiáo zhíxiàn bǎ diǎn A hé B liánjié qǐlái. [Pinyin]
    We can join point A to point B with a straight line.
  7. (mathematics) decimal point
    三點二四／三点二四  ―  sān diǎn èr sì  ―  three point two four
    點分十進制／点分十进制  ―  diǎnfēn shíjìnzhì  ―  dot-decimal notation (lit. dot-delimited decimal)
  8. percent; percentage point
    我們今年的利潤是八個點。 [MSC, trad.]
    我们今年的利润是八个点。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒmen jīnnián de lìrùn shì bā ge diǎn. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  9. drop
    雨點／雨点  ―  yǔdiǎn  ―  raindrop
  10. (Chinese calligraphy) a dot stroke (㇔)
  11. to nominate; to mention (one's name)
    老師點你回答問題。 [MSC, trad.]
    老师点你回答问题。 [MSC, simp.]
    Lǎoshī diǎn nǐ huídá wèntí. [Pinyin]
    The teacher asked you to answer the question.
  12. to count
    點鈔／点钞  ―  diǎnchāo  ―  to count banknotes
  13. to choose; to select; to order (food)
    Synonym: 叫 (jiào)
    他們點了一些食物和一大碗湯。 [MSC, trad.]
    他们点了一些食物和一大碗汤。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tāmen diǎn le yī xiē shíwù hé yī dà wǎn tāng. [Pinyin]
    They ordered some food and a big bowl of soup.
  14. to nod
    他點一下頭，指明了這個地方。 [MSC, trad.]
    他点一下头，指明了这个地方。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā diǎn yīxià tóu, zhǐmíng le zhè ge dìfāng. [Pinyin]
    He indicated the place by a nod of his head.
  15. to point
  16. to tap; to touch
  17. to click
    See also: 點擊
  18. to light; to ignite
    點香／点香  ―  diǎnxiāng  ―  to burn incense
  19. a little; a bit; some
    你能再給我點茶嗎？ [MSC, trad.]
    你能再给我点茶吗？ [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ néng zài gěi wǒ diǎn chá ma? [Pinyin]
    Would you please give me some more tea?
    我想要點蛋糕。／我想要点蛋糕。  ―  Wǒ xiǎngyào diǎn dàngāo.  ―  I want some cake.
    他有點蒼白。／他有点苍白。  ―  Tā yǒu diǎn cāngbái.  ―  He's a little pale.
    今天有點冷。／今天有点冷。  ―  Jīntiān yǒu diǎn lěng.  ―  It's a little cold today.
  20. (finance) point (in a stock market index)
  21. (Cantonese) to dip in (sauce)
  22. (Cantonese) to trick; to misguide
    老點／老点 [Cantonese]  ―  lou5 dim2 [Jyutping]  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  23. (Cantonese) to command
  24. (Hong Kong Cantonese, neologism) extreme (Classifier: 個／个 c)
    攰到一個點／攰到一个点 [Cantonese]  ―  gui6 dou3 jat1 go3 dim2 [Jyutping]  ―  extremely tired (literally, “tired to an extreme”)
Usage notes
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點／点 (diǎn) is often used for "o'clock", following the numbered hour: e.g. "three o'clock" is 三點／三点 (sāndiǎn). 點鐘／点钟 (diǎnzhōng) would be used in the expression "1 o'clock" or "2 o'clock", in order to avoid confusion between 一點／一点 (yīdiǎn) (meaning: "a bit") and 一點／一点 (yīdiǎn) (meaning: "1 o'clock"). When spoken out, 一點／一点 (yīdiǎn) (meaning: "1 o'clock") is usually pronounced yī diǎn, without the tone sandhi, while 一點／一点 (yīdiǎn) (meaning: "a bit") is pronounced yì diǎn, following the sandhi rule.

When followed by the minutes, 點／点 (diǎn) is used instead of 點鐘／点钟 (diǎnzhōng) as in 十二點三十分. In formal writing (but not in speech), 時／时 (shí) is used to denote hours, e.g. 十二時三十分.

Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 點 (“(decimal) point”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 點
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 點
Singapore 點
Cantonese Guangzhou 點, 定點
Hong Kong 點
Dialectal synonyms of 蘸 (“to dip in”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 蘸1
Northeastern Mandarin Singapore 點
Central Plains Mandarin Wanrong 蘸1
Xi'an 蘸1
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 蘸1
Cantonese Guangzhou 蘸2, 點
Hong Kong 蘸2, 點
Taishan 蘸3, 點
Kaiping (Chikan) 點
Gan Nanchang 蘸1
Lichuan 蘸1
Hakka Meixian 蘸1
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 蘸1, 搵
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 蘸1, 搵
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 蘸1, 搵
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 蘸1, 搵
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 蘸1, 搵
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 搵
Eastern Min Fuzhou 搵
Southern Min Xiamen 搵
Quanzhou 搵
Zhangzhou 搵
Tainan 搵, 滒
Penang (Hokkien) 搵
Singapore (Hokkien) 搵
Manila (Hokkien) 搵
Chaozhou 搵
Shantou 搵
Leizhou 搵
Haikou 搵
Wu Shanghai 蘸1
Shanghai (Chongming) 蘸1
Ningbo 搵, 蘸1
Coordinate terms
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Compounds

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Etymology 2

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Fusion of 底物 (MC tejX mjut), literally “what thing” (Guo, 2003).

Often related to 怎 (zam2) due to similar syllable structure.

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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點

  1. (Cantonese) how
    番茄應該點整？ [Cantonese, trad.]
    番茄应该点整？ [Cantonese, simp.]
    faan1 ke4-2 jing1 goi1 dim2 zing2? [Jyutping]
    How should I prepare tomatoes?
    呢個點算係錯呢？ [Cantonese, trad.]
    呢个点算系错呢？ [Cantonese, simp.]
    ni1 go3 dim2 syun3 hai6 co3 ne1? [Jyutping]
    How is this wrong? (lit. "How does this count as wrong?")
    佢點都會用筷子食飯。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    佢点都会用筷子食饭。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    keoi5 dim2 dou1 wui5 jung6 faai3 zi2 sik6 faan6. [Jyutping]
    He always insists on using (lit. "regardless of how, will use") chopsticks to eat.
    佢無論點都會搞錯嘅。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    佢无论点都会搞错嘅。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    keoi5 mou4 leon6 dim2 dou1 wui5 gaau2 co3 ge3. [Jyutping]
    He is guaranteed to mess it up no matter what (lit. "no matter how").
    點都唔肯／点都唔肯 [Cantonese]  ―  dim2 dou1 m4 hang2 [Jyutping]  ―  unwilling, no matter what
    你想點呀？／你想点呀？ [Cantonese]  ―  nei5 soeng2 dim2 aa3? [Jyutping]  ―  What do you want?
    琴日個蛋糕整成點呀？ [Cantonese, trad.]
    琴日个蛋糕整成点呀？ [Cantonese, simp.]
    kam4 jat6 go3 daan6 gou1 zing2 sing4 dim2 aa3? [Jyutping]
    How did the cake from yesterday go?
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 怎樣 (“how”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 如何, 何以, 若何
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 如何, 怎樣
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 怎麼樣兒, 怎樣兒
Taiwan 怎麼樣, 怎樣, 如何
Malaysia 怎麼樣, 怎樣, 如何
Singapore 怎麼樣, 怎樣, 如何
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 怎麼樣
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 咋樣兒
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 咋個樣, 咋個樣子, 啷個樣, 啷個樣子
Wuhan 麼樣, 麼樣子, 哪樣, 哪樣子
Guilin 啷子樣
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 怎們樣, 哪一個樣, 哪一個樣子
Hefei 怎樣
Cantonese Guangzhou 點樣, 點
Hong Kong 點樣, 點
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 點樣
Macau 點樣, 點
Guangzhou (Panyu) 點
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 點樣, 點樣做
Foshan 點
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 點
Foshan (Shunde) 點, 點樣
Foshan (Sanshui) 點
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 點
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 點子
Zhongshan (Huancheng) 點子
Zhongshan (Nanlang) 點子
Zhongshan (Xiaolan) 點
Zhongshan (Dongsheng, Xiaolan) 點, 點樣
Zhongshan (Tanbei, Xiaolan) 點, 點樣
Zhongshan (Henglan) 點, 點樣
Zhongshan (Dongfeng) 點, 點樣
Zhongshan (Nantou) 點, 點樣
Zhongshan (Fusha) 點, 點樣
Zhongshan (Shalang) 點, 點樣
Zhongshan (Gangkou) 點, 點樣
Zhongshan (Huangpu) 點, 點樣
Zhongshan (Langwang, Minzhong) 點, 點樣
Zhongshan (Minzhong) 點, 點樣
Zhongshan (Banfu) 點, 點樣
Zhongshan (Tanzhou) 點, 點樣
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 點樣
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 點
Zhuhai (Doumen) 點
Taishan 幾何
Singapore (Guangfu) 點樣, 點
Gan Nanchang 啷樣, 啷
Hakka Meixian 仰般, 仰仔
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 仰般, 仰仔
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 仰仔
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 仰般
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 仰脣, 仰
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 仰般, 仰般形
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 仰子
Jin Taiyuan 咋, 咋底
Northern Min Jian'ou 何如, 何如事
Eastern Min Fuzhou 將樣, 蔣樣, 蔣其
Southern Min Xiamen 按怎, 怎樣, 啥款
Quanzhou 障仔, 怎樣, 按怎, 啥款
Zhangzhou 按怎, 怎樣, 啥款
Tainan 按怎, 怎仔樣, 怎樣仔, 啥款
Penang (Hokkien) 按怎
Singapore (Hokkien) 按怎
Manila (Hokkien) 障仔, 怎樣
Chaozhou 在生樣, 乜生樣, 做呢
Shantou 在生
Jieyang 在生, 在生樣
Haifeng 做呢, 做呢樣
Singapore (Teochew) 做呢, 在生
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 哪, 哪樣
Wu Shanghai 哪能, 哪能介, 哪能樣子
Suzhou 捺亨
Wenzhou 訾那, 訾那能
Xiang Changsha 何是, 何裡
Shuangfeng 麼家

Compounds

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See also

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  • 邊／边 (“how [could one possibly]”)

Japanese

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Shinjitai

点

Kyūjitai

點

Kanji

[edit]
點

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 点)

  1. Kyūjitai form of 点

Readings

[edit]

Korean

[edit]

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 點 (MC temX).

Hanja

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點 (eumhun 점 점 (jeom jeom))

  1. hanja form? of 점 (“point; dot; spot; speck”)

Compounds

[edit]
Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]
  • Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea (대한민국 대법원, Daehanmin'guk Daebeobwon) (2018). Table of hanja for personal names (인명용 한자표 / 人名用漢字表, Inmyeong-yong hanja-pyo), page 37. [2]

Vietnamese

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Han character

[edit]

點: Hán Việt readings: điểm[1][2][3]
點: Nôm readings: chấm[2][3][4], đếm[2][3][4], chúm[4], đém[4], đêm[5], đóm[4]

  1. chữ Hán form of điểm (“a dot, a point, a period”).
  2. chữ Hán form of điểm (“to identify, to choose, to nominate”).
  3. Nôm form of đếm (“to count, to number, to enumerate”).
  4. Nôm form of chấm (“to dip in, to punctuate”).

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Trần (1999).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Bonet (1899).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Génibrel (1898).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Hồ (1976).
  5. ^ Trần (2004).
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