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U+52A0, 加
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-52A0

[U+529F]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+52A1]

Translingual

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Han character

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(Kangxi radical 19, +3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 大尸口 (KSR), four-corner 46000, composition )

Derived characters

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Descendants

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 146, character 13
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2297
  • Dae Jaweon: page 329, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 366, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+52A0

Chinese

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simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Shuowen: ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : (strength) + (mouth) — exaggerate; slander.

Sun Changxu: ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : (plowing) + (mouth) — to put more effort. 口 here indicates exclamations or breath associated with the effort.

Etymology

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(OC *kraːls, “to yoke”) is the exopassive of (OC *kraːl, “to add; to attach”) (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with Tibetan ཁྲལ (khral, to impose a tax), Burmese ကြား (kra:, between).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • ka - literary;
  • ke/kee - vernacular.
Note:
  • gia1 - literary;
  • gê1 - vernacular.
    • (Leizhou)
      • Leizhou Pinyin: gia1 / ge1
      • Sinological IPA: /kia³⁵/, /kɛ³⁵/
Note:
  • gia1 - literary;
  • ge1 - vernacular.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (28)
Final () (98)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () II
Fanqie
Baxter kae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kˠa/
Pan
Wuyun
/kᵚa/
Shao
Rongfen
/ka/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kaɨ/
Li
Rong
/ka/
Wang
Li
/ka/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/ka/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
jiā
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gaa1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
jiā
Middle
Chinese
‹  ›
Old
Chinese
/*kˁraj/
English add

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 5873
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kraːl/

Definitions

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  1. to put on top of another object
  2. to add; to put in
      ―  jiā yán  ―  to add salt
  3. to increase; to raise
  4. to impose; to foist; to grant
  5. placed after a monosyllabic adverb to indicate an increase in the degree; more
  6. (arithmetic) to add
    Antonym:  / (jiǎn)
  7. (social media) to friend
    掃碼扫码  ―  sǎomǎ jiā  ―  scan the QR code to friend me
    微信  ―  jiā nǐ Wēixìn  ―  to add your WeChat
  8. Used in transcription.
      ―  Jiāpéng  ―  Gabon
      ―  Mèngjiā  ―  Bangladesh
    沙地帶沙地带  ―  Jiāshā dìdài  ―  Gaza Strip
    利福尼亞利福尼亚  ―  Jiālìfúníyà  ―  California
    羅爾罗尔  ―  Bāngjiāluó'ěr  ―  Bengaluru
      ―  Jiājiā  ―  Caracas
    百列  ―  Jiābǎiliè  ―  Archangel Gabriel
    貢扎贡扎  ―  Gòngzhājiā  ―  House of Gonzaga
      ―  Wéijiā niǎokē  ―  Vegaviidae
    1. Short for 加拿大 (Jiānádà, “Canada”).
      邊界边界  ―  Měi Jiā biānjiè  ―  Canada-United States border
  9. a surname

Synonyms

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  • (to add): (tiān), (colloquial) ()
  • (to increase):
  • (to friend): (Hong Kong Cantonese) add

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. add, addition, increase
  2. Canada

Readings

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  • Go-on: (ke)
  • Kan-on: (ka, Jōyō)
  • Kun: くわえる (kuwaeru, 加える, Jōyō)くわわる (kuwawaru, 加わる, Jōyō)

Compounds

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term

Grade: 4
kan'on

Pronunciation

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Noun

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() (ka

  1. addition

Affix

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() (ka

  1. addition
  2. Short for カナダ (Canada (a country)).
  3. (US) Short for 加州 (California (a state of the United States)).

Korean

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Hanja

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(eumhun 더할 (deohal ga))

  1. hanja form? of (to add)

Compounds

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  1. 加入 (가입)
  2. 加濕機 (가습기)
  3. 追加 (추가)
  4. 增加 (증가)
  5. 參加 (참가)
  6. 添加 (첨가)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: gia[1], chơ[2]

  1. (chiefly in compounds) to increase, to add

References

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