玷

玷 U+73B7, 玷 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-73B7 ← 玶 [U+73B6] CJK Unified Ideographs 玸 → [U+73B8]

Translingual

Han character

玷 (Kangxi radical 96, 玉+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 一土卜口 (MGYR), four-corner 1116₀, composition ⿰𤣩占)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 728, character 30
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20895
• Dae Jaweon: page 1140, character 25
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1106, character 4
• Unihan data for U+73B7

Chinese

simp. and trad.		玷

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (占) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
頕	*taːm
煔	*ɦlaːm, *hljems, *hl'eːms
炶	*ɦlaːm
詀	*rteːm, *rdeːms, *teːm, *tʰjeb
站	*rteːms
檆	*sreːm
黏	*nem
粘	*nem
枮	*slem, *ʔl'ɯm
霑	*tem
沾	*tem, *teːms, *tʰeːm
覘	*tems, *tʰem
鉆	*tʰem, *ɡrem, *tʰeːb
占	*ʔljem, *tjems
颭	*tjemʔ
佔	*tjems, *teːm
苫	*hljem, *hljems
痁	*hljem, *teːms
蛅	*njem
阽	*lem
敁	*teːm
掂	*tiːm
點	*teːmʔ
玷	*teːmʔ, *teːms
店	*tiːms
坫	*tiːms, *tim
黇	*tʰeːm
扂	*deːmʔ
拈	*neːm
鮎	*neːm
砧	*ʔl'ɯm
笘	*teːb
跕	*teːb, *tʰeːb
貼	*tʰeːb
帖	*tʰeːb
怗	*tʰeːb
呫	*tʰeːb

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *teːmʔ, *teːms) : semantic 𤣩 + phonetic 占 (OC *ʔljem, *tjems).

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): diàn (dian⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄧㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): dim³
• Eastern Min (BUC): diéng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): dieng⁴
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): tiàm

  (Teochew, Peng'im): diam¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: diàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: diàn
    • Wade–Giles: tien⁴
    • Yale: dyàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: diann
    • Palladius: дянь (djanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti̯ɛn⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: dim³
    • Yale: dim
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dim³
    • Guangdong Romanization: dim³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiːm³³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: diéng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiɛŋ²¹³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: dieng⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiɛŋ⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiàm
    • Tâi-lô: tiàm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: diaxm
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tiam²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tiam⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: diam¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tiam
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tiam³³/

Note: diam1 - Shantou, Chaozhou.

---

• Middle Chinese: temX

Rime
Character	玷
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	添 (157)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	多忝切
Baxter	temX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/temX/
Pan Wuyun	/temX/
Shao Rongfen	/tɛmX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tɛmX/
Li Rong	/temX/
Wang Li	/tiemX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/tiemX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	diǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dim2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤemʔ/, /*tˤemʔ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*teːmʔ/, /*teːms/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	玷	玷
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	diàn	diàn
Middle Chinese	‹ temX ›	‹ temH ›
Old Chinese	/*tˁemʔ/	/*tˁemʔ-s/
English	black spot	black spot, flaw
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	玷	玷
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	16722	16727
Phonetic component	占	占
Rime group	談	談
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	點	店
Old Chinese	/*teːmʔ/	/*teːms/

Definitions

玷

1. flaw in gem; defect in jade
2. (figuratively, of a person) flaw in character
3. to blemish; to stain

Compounds

• 玷污 (diànwū)
• 玷辱 (diànrǔ)
• 瑕玷
• 畢生之玷／毕生之玷
• 白圭之玷

 

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 玷 – see 掂 (“to weigh in hand”). (This character is an obsolete form of 掂).

References

• “玷”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “玷”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 51.
• zi.tools

Japanese

Kanji

玷

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: てん (ten)^{←てん (ten, historical)←てむ (temu, ancient)}
• Kan-on: てん (ten)^{←てん (ten, historical)←てむ (temu, ancient)}
• Kun: かける (kakeru, 玷ける)

Korean

Hanja

玷 • (jeom) (hangeul 점, revised jeom, McCune–Reischauer chŏm, Yale cem)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

玷: Hán Nôm readings: điếm

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Nôm: đém, điếm

References

• Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
• Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
• Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville