糧

See also: 粮

糧 U+7CE7, 糧 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7CE7 ← 糦 [U+7CE6] CJK Unified Ideographs 糨 → [U+7CE8]

糧 U+F97B, 糧 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F97B ← 梁 [U+F97A] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 良 → [U+F97C]

Translingual

Han character

糧 (Kangxi radical 119, 米+12, 18 strokes, cangjie input 火木日一土 (FDAMG), four-corner 9691₄, composition ⿰米量)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 913, character 7
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27132
• Dae Jaweon: page 1340, character 14
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3160, character 12
• Unihan data for U+7CE7

• Unihan data for U+F97B

Chinese

trad.		糧
simp.		粮
alternative forms		粮 𥣷 𩞯 𣊼 ⿰米卜

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (量) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
糧	*raŋ
量	*raŋ, *raŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *raŋ) : semantic 米 + phonetic 量 (OC *raŋ, *raŋs).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): liáng (liang²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄤˊ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): лён (li͡on, I)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): loeng⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): liòng

  (Meixian, Guangdong): liong²

• Jin (Wiktionary): lion¹
• Northern Min (KCR): liông
• Eastern Min (BUC): liòng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): niû / niô͘ / liông / liâng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): nion⁵ / niên⁵

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶lian / ²lian
  • (Jinhua): ²liaon
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): lian²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: liáng
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄤˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: liáng
    • Wade–Giles: liang²
    • Yale: lyáng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liang
    • Palladius: лян (ljan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li̯ɑŋ³⁵/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: лён (li͡on, I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liɑŋ²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: loeng⁴
    • Yale: lèuhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: loeng⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: lêng⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lœːŋ²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: liòng
    • Hakka Romanization System: liong^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: liong²
    • Sinological IPA: /li̯oŋ¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: liong²
    • Sinological IPA: /liɔŋ¹¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: lion¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /liɒ̃¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: liông
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liɔŋ³³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: liòng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃uoŋ⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: niû
    • Tâi-lô: niû
    • Phofsit Daibuun: niuu
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /niũ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /niũ²³/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: niô͘
    • Tâi-lô: niôo
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /niɔ̃¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liông
    • Tâi-lô: liông
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lioong
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɔŋ²³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /liɔŋ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liâng
    • Tâi-lô: liâng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liaang
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /liaŋ¹³/

Note:

• niû/niô͘ - vernacular;
• liông/liâng - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: nion⁵ / niên⁵
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: niôⁿ / niêⁿ
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nĩõ⁵⁵/, /nĩẽ⁵⁵/

Note:

• nion5 - Shantou, Jieyang, Chaoyang;
• niên5 - Chaozhou, Chenghai.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶lian
    • MiniDict: lian^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³lian
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /liã²³/
  • (Northern: Suzhou, Hangzhou)
    • Wugniu: ²lian
    • MiniDict: lian^平
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /liã²²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /liæ̃²³/
  • (Jinhua)
    • Wugniu: ²liaon
    • Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /liɑŋ³¹³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: lian²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li̯æn¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: ljang

Rime
Character	糧
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	呂章切
Baxter	ljang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɨɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/liɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/liɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɨaŋ/
Li Rong	/liaŋ/
Wang Li	/lĭaŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/li̯aŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	liáng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	loeng4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]aŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*raŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	糧
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	liáng
Middle Chinese	‹ ljang ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]aŋ/
English	grain, provisions
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	糧
Reading #	1/1
No.	8063
Phonetic component	量
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*raŋ/
Notes	同糧

Definitions

糧

1. grain; provisions; food
2. (Cantonese) salary (Classifier: 份 c)
3. a surname

Compounds

• 乾糧／干粮 (gānliáng)
• 兵精糧足／兵精粮足
• 出糧／出粮
• 化瓦糧／化瓦粮
• 口糧／口粮 (kǒuliáng)
• 吃糧／吃粮
• 囚糧／囚粮
• 地丁錢糧／地丁钱粮
• 嬴糧／嬴粮
• 完糧／完粮
• 官糧／官粮
• 寅吃卯糧／寅吃卯粮 (yínchīmǎoliáng)
• 寅支卯糧／寅支卯粮
• 射糧／射粮
• 屯糧／屯粮 (túnliáng)
• 屯糧積草／屯粮积草
• 悶數錢糧／闷数钱粮
• 應卯吃糧／应卯吃粮
• 戰糧／战粮
• 戶有餘糧／户有余粮
• 打糧／打粮 (dǎliáng)
• 打衣糧／打衣粮
• 抗糧／抗粮
• 拉名糧長／拉名粮长
• 斷糧／断粮 (duànliáng)
• 漕糧／漕粮 (cáoliáng)
• 白糧／白粮
• 祿糧／禄粮
• 禹餘糧／禹余粮
• 稅糧／税粮
• 積草屯糧／积草屯粮
• 米糧／米粮 (mǐliáng)
• 粗糧／粗粮 (cūliáng)
• 糙糧／糙粮 (cāoliáng)
• 糧不繼日／粮不继日
• 糧作／粮作
• 糧倉／粮仓 (liángcāng)
• 糧單／粮单
• 糧多草廣／粮多草广
• 糧寡兵微／粮寡兵微
• 糧戶／粮户
• 糧棧／粮栈
• 糧盡援絕／粮尽援绝
• 糧秣／粮秣 (liángmò)
• 糧稅／粮税
• 糧站／粮站
• 糧船／粮船
• 糧草／粮草 (liángcǎo)
• 糧行／粮行
• 糧豐／粮丰 (Liángfēng)
• 糧車／粮车
• 糧道／粮道 (Liángdào)
• 糧長／粮长
• 糧食／粮食 (liángshí)
• 糧食作物／粮食作物
• 糧食局／粮食局
• 糧餉／粮饷 (liángxiǎng)
• 細糧／细粮 (xìliáng)
• 絕糧／绝粮
• 缺糧／缺粮 (quēliáng)
• 芻糧／刍粮
• 行糧／行粮
• 裹糧／裹粮
• 裹糧策馬／裹粮策马
• 見糧／见粮
• 贏糧／赢粮
• 軍糧／军粮 (jūnliáng)
• 輸糧／输粮
• 轉糧／转粮
• 道糧／道粮
• 錢糧／钱粮 (qiánliáng)
• 雜糧／杂粮 (záliáng)
• 飛糧輓秣／飞粮挽秣
• 飛芻輓糧／飞刍挽粮
• 食糧／食粮 (shíliáng)
• 餘糧／余粮 (yúliáng)
• 饋糧／馈粮
• 饋貧糧／馈贫粮
• 黃糧／黄粮 (Huángliáng)
• 齎盜糧／赍盗粮

 

References

• “糧”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• “Entry #12576”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

Japanese

Kanji

糧

(Jōyō kanji)

1. food, provisions

Readings

• Go-on: ろう (rō, Jōyō ^†)
• Kan-on: りょう (ryō, Jōyō)
• Kun: かて (kate, 糧, Jōyō)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
糧
かて Grade: S
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 糧 – see the following entry.

【かて】 [noun] food [noun] (figurative) guiding material for future endeavors

(This term, 糧, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

糧 (eumhun 양식 량 (yangsik ryang), word-initial (South Korea) 양식 양 (yangsik yang))

1. hanja form^? of 량/양 (“food, grain, provisions”)

Vietnamese

Han character

糧: Hán Nôm readings: lương

1. salary