梁
|
|
Translingual
[edit]Traditional | 梁 |
---|---|
Simplified | 梁 |
Japanese | 梁 |
Korean | 梁 |
Han character
[edit]梁 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 水金木 (ECD) or 水戈木 (EID), four-corner 33904, composition ⿱⿰氵刅朩(T) or ⿱⿰氵刅木(GHJKV))
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 528, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14825
- Dae Jaweon: page 916, character 18
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1220, character 5
- Unihan data for U+6881
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 梁 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 梁 | |
alternative forms | 鿄 𣸑 渿 𣹷 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 梁 | |||
---|---|---|---|
Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *raŋ) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 刅 (OC *sʰraŋ) + semantic 木 (“wood”) — a bridge.
Etymology
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Are the noun senses related to the proper noun senses?”)
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): liòng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): nieo2 / niu2 / lyong2 / lyeng2
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6lian
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): lian2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄤˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: liáng
- Wade–Giles: liang2
- Yale: lyáng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liang
- Palladius: лян (ljan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /li̯ɑŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: loeng4
- Yale: lèuhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: loeng4
- Guangdong Romanization: lêng4
- Sinological IPA (key): /lœːŋ²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: liang3
- Sinological IPA (key): /liaŋ²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: liòng
- Hakka Romanization System: liongˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: liong2
- Sinological IPA: /li̯oŋ¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: liong
- Sinological IPA: /lioŋ⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: liòng
- Sinological IPA (key): /l̃uoŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: nieo2
- Sinological IPA (key): /nieu¹³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: niu2
- Sinological IPA (key): /niu¹³/
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: lyong2
- Sinological IPA (key): /lyɒŋ¹³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: lyeng2
- Sinological IPA (key): /lyøŋ¹³/
- (Putian)
- nieo2/niu2 - vernacular;
- lyong2/lyeng2 - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Lukang, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung)
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Tainan)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liông
- Tâi-lô: liông
- Phofsit Daibuun: lioong
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɔŋ²³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /liɔŋ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liâng
- Tâi-lô: liâng
- Phofsit Daibuun: liaang
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /liaŋ¹³/
- niû/niô͘ - vernacular (incl. surname);
- liông/liâng - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: nion5 / niên5 / liang5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: niôⁿ / niêⁿ / liâng
- Sinological IPA (key): /nĩõ⁵⁵/, /nĩẽ⁵⁵/, /liaŋ⁵⁵/
- nion5, niên5 - vernacular, incl. surname (niên5 - Chaozhou);
- liang5 - literary.
- lio5 - vernacular;
- liang5 - literary.
- Middle Chinese: ljang
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*raŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*raŋ/
Definitions
[edit]梁
- Alternative form of 樑 (liáng, “bridge; roof beam; ridge”); also the simplified form.
- (historical) state of Liang
- An ancient Chinese state during the Spring and Autumn period
- The State of Wei during the Warring States period, after moving its capital to Daliang
- A kingdom during the Han dynasty
- One of two ancient Chinese states during the end of the Sui dynasty
- (historical) Liang dynasty
- Liang, one of the Southern Dynasties
- Later Liang of the Five Dynasties
- a surname
- 梁山伯 ― Liáng Shānbó ― Liang Shanbo (in the legend of Butterfly Lovers)
- 梁啟超/梁启超 ― Liáng Qǐchāo ― Liang Qichao (Chinese intellectual and politician who lived during the late Qing dynasty and the early Republic of China)
Synonyms
[edit]- (state of Wei): 魏 (wèi), 魏國/魏国 (Wèiguó)
- (state): 梁國 (Liángguó)
- (dynasty): 梁朝 (Liángcháo)
- (Southern Liang): 南梁 (Nánliáng), 蕭梁 (Xiāoliáng)
- (Later Liang): 後梁 (Hòuliáng), 朱梁 (Zhūliáng)
See also
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Others:
Compounds
[edit]- 上梁 (shàngliáng)
- 上梁不正
- 上梁不正下梁歪 (shàngliáng bùzhèng xiàliáng wāi)
- 上梁文
- 偷梁換柱 (tōuliánghuànzhù)
- 光脊梁
- 刺股懸梁
- 刺骨懸梁
- 卑梁之釁
- 呂梁山
- 國家棟梁 / 国家栋梁
- 大廈棟梁 / 大厦栋梁
- 大梁 (Dàliáng)
- 小醜跳梁
- 屋梁 (wūliáng)
- 山梁 (shānliáng)
- 平梁
- 康梁
- 強梁 (qiángliáng)
- 彊梁
- 彫梁畫棟 / 雕梁画栋
- 後梁 (Hòuliáng)
- 懸梁 (xuánliáng)
- 懸梁刺股 (xuánliángcìgǔ)
- 懸梁刺骨
- 戳脊梁骨
- 扛大梁 (káng dàliáng)
- 挑大梁
- 挑正梁
- 提梁 (tíliáng)
- 摶柱乘梁
- 撫梁易柱
- 朝梁暮晉
- 朝梁暮陳
- 杠梁
- 杞梁妻
- 柏梁臺
- 柏梁詩
- 柏梁體
- 架海金梁
- 梁上君子 (liángshàngjūnzǐ)
- 梁倡
- 梁園
- 梁園宴雪
- 梁子 (liángzi)
- 梁子湖 (Liángzihú)
- 梁孟
- 梁家畈 (Liángjiāfàn)
- 梁山 (Liángshān)
- 梁山泊
- 梁州 (Liángzhōu)
- 梁惠王
- 梁敬帝
- 梁昌
- 梁書 (Liáng Shū)
- 梁木其壞
- 梁柱 (liángzhù)
- 梁架
- 梁案
- 梁棟
- 梁武帝
- 梁父吟
- 梁父山 (Liángfǔshān)
- 梁獄上書 / 梁狱上书
- 梁皇寶懺 / 梁皇宝忏
- 梁皇懺
- 梁祝 (Liáng-Zhù)
- 梁簡文帝
- 梁輈
- 梁鴻五噫
- 梁麗
- 梁龍
- 棟梁 (dòngliáng)
- 棟梁之任
- 棟梁之材
- 棟梁之臣
- 椽梁
- 橫梁 (héngliáng)
- 橋梁 (qiáoliáng)
- 歌聲繞梁 / 歌声绕梁
- 汴梁 (Biànliáng)
- 沒梁桶
- 沒脊梁
- 泰山梁木
- 河梁
- 津梁 (jīnliáng)
- 浮梁 (Fúliáng)
- 漁梁
- 澤梁
- 濠梁
- 烏梁海 (Wūliánghǎi)
- 無梁斗
- 玳梁
- 玳瑁梁
- 畫梁雕棟 / 画梁雕栋
- 畫棟雕梁 / 画栋雕梁
- 石梁河 (Shíliánghé)
- 磨脊梁
- 穀梁 (Gǔliáng)
- 穀梁傳 / 谷梁传 (Gǔliángzhuàn)
- 結梁子
- 繞梁 (ràoliáng)
- 繞梁三日 (ràoliángsānrì)
- 繞梁之音
- 繞梁韻永 / 绕梁韵永
- 背梁骨
- 脊梁
- 脊梁骨
- 落月屋梁
- 豎柱上梁
- 豎起脊梁
- 跳梁 (tiàoliáng)
- 跳梁小丑 (tiàoliángxiǎochǒu)
- 通梁 (Tōngliáng)
- 逼上梁山 (bīshàngliángshān)
- 過梁
- 鈑梁
- 鑿壁懸梁 / 凿壁悬梁
- 長梁 (Chángliáng)
- 陸梁 (lùliáng)
- 雕梁畫柱
- 雕梁畫棟 / 雕梁画栋
- 頂梁柱 (dǐngliángzhù)
- 飛梁
- 餘妙繞梁 / 余妙绕梁
- 餘音繞梁 / 余音绕梁
- 餘響繞梁 / 余响绕梁
- 高梁 (gāoliáng)
- 魚梁
- 鼻梁 (bíliáng)
- 鼻無梁柱
- 齊梁世界
- 齊梁體 / 齐梁体
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
梁 |
うつばり Jinmeiyō |
kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese 梁 (utupari); attested phonetically in Old Japanese in the Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki of 794, with the spelling 宇都波利.[1][2]
Likely a compound of 内 (utsu-, “inside”, bound form) + 張り (hari, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of 張る (haru, “to stick; to spread”)), as suggested by various works.[2]
Alternatively, the initial utsu- is connected to utsu-, spelled variously in addition to 内 (“inside”) as 全 (“all of which is contained in a group”), 空, 虚 (“an inner hollow or empty space; an inner void”), which are likely cognates.[2]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
梁 |
はり Jinmeiyō |
kun'yomi |
Attested in the Muromachi period.[5]
The late attestation in Middle Japanese suggests that this might have been an abbreviation of 梁 (utsubari), also pronounced utsuhari in older texts.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
梁 |
やな Jinmeiyō |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spelling |
---|
簗 |
From Old Japanese 梁 (yana). Attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720.[6][7]
There are various theories, such as a derivation from 屋魚 (ya na, “house of a fish”), やる魚 (yaru na, “a fish to be done”), an abbreviation of 梁簀 (yanasu), and a shift from 板庭 (itaniwa).[7]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- fish trap, fish weir
Etymology 4
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
梁 |
りょう Jinmeiyō |
kan'on |
From Middle Chinese 梁 (MC ljang).
Pronunciation
[edit]Proper noun
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Omodaka, Hisataka (1967) 時代別国語大辞典 上代編 [The dictionary of historical Japanese: Old Japanese] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN, page 124
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 “うつ‐ばり 【梁】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
The 語源説 (gogensetsu, “etymological theory”) section gives the following theories:
- ウチバリ(内張)の転〔名語記・桑家漢語抄所引秘授抄・和句解・日本釈名・東雅・万葉集類林・家屋雑考・大言海〕。
- ウツハリ(全張)の義〔名言通・和訓栞〕。
- ウツハリ(空張)の義〔言元梯〕。ウツハリギ(空張木)の下略〔日本語原学=林甕臣〕。
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 “はり 【梁】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][2] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
- ^ Omodaka, Hisataka (1967) 時代別国語大辞典 上代編 [The dictionary of historical Japanese: Old Japanese] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN, page 764
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 “やな 【梁・簗】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][3] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
The 語源説 (gogensetsu, “etymological theory”) section gives the following theories:
- ヤナ(屋魚)の義〔名言通・和訓栞・大言海〕。
- 魚がもれないようにするところからヤルナの義か〔和句解〕。
- ヤナス(梁簀)の略〔国語の語根とその分類=大島正健〕。
- イタニハ(板庭)の反〔名語記〕。
- ^ “りょう[リャウ] 【梁】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][4] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 梁 (MC ljang). Recorded as Middle Korean 랴ᇰ (lyang) (Yale: lyang) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
[edit]梁 (eumhun 들보 량 (deulbo ryang), word-initial (South Korea) 들보 양 (deulbo yang))
Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [5]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- CJK Compatibility Ideographs block
- Unspecified script characters
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han phono-semantic compounds
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Taishanese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Eastern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Leizhou Min lemmas
- Puxian Min lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Xiang lemmas
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese hanzi
- Mandarin hanzi
- Cantonese hanzi
- Taishanese hanzi
- Hakka hanzi
- Eastern Min hanzi
- Hokkien hanzi
- Teochew hanzi
- Leizhou Min hanzi
- Puxian Min hanzi
- Wu hanzi
- Xiang hanzi
- Middle Chinese hanzi
- Old Chinese hanzi
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Taishanese nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Eastern Min nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Leizhou Min nouns
- Puxian Min nouns
- Wu nouns
- Xiang nouns
- Middle Chinese nouns
- Old Chinese nouns
- Chinese proper nouns
- Mandarin proper nouns
- Cantonese proper nouns
- Taishanese proper nouns
- Hakka proper nouns
- Eastern Min proper nouns
- Hokkien proper nouns
- Teochew proper nouns
- Leizhou Min proper nouns
- Puxian Min proper nouns
- Wu proper nouns
- Xiang proper nouns
- Middle Chinese proper nouns
- Old Chinese proper nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 梁
- Chinese terms with historical senses
- Literary Chinese terms with quotations
- Chinese surnames
- Mandarin terms with usage examples
- zh:Chinese dynasties
- Advanced Mandarin
- Japanese kanji
- Japanese jinmeiyō kanji
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading りょう
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading りゃう
- Japanese kanji with kun reading はり
- Japanese kanji with kun reading うつばり
- Japanese kanji with kun reading やな
- Japanese terms spelled with 梁 read as うつばり
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese compound terms
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with jinmeiyō kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with 梁
- Japanese single-kanji terms
- Japanese terms spelled with 梁 read as はり
- Japanese terms spelled with 梁 read as やな
- Japanese terms spelled with 梁 read as りょう
- Japanese terms read with kan'on
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese proper nouns
- Japanese terms with historical senses
- ja:Architectural elements
- ja:Carpentry
- ja:Fishing
- Japanese words with multiple readings
- Korean terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Middle Korean hanja
- Korean lemmas
- Korean hanja
- Korean hanja forms
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters
- Vietnamese surnames
- Vietnamese surnames from Chinese
- Vietnamese Chữ Hán