kingdom

English

English Wikipedia has articles on:

kingdom (biology) and monarchy

Alternative forms

kingdome (obsolete)

Etymology

From Middle English kingdom, kyngdom, from Old English cyningdōm from Proto-Germanic *kuningadōmaz, equivalent to king +‎ -dom. Cognate with Scots kingdom, West Frisian keuningdom, Dutch koningdom, German Königtum, Danish kongedømme, Swedish kungadöme, and Icelandic konungdómur.

Etymology tree

Proto-Germanic *kuningadōmaz

Proto-West Germanic *kuningadōm

Old English cyningdōm

Middle English kingdom

English kingdom

Pronunciation

(Received Pronunciation, General American) enPR: kĭng'dəm, IPA^(key): /ˈkɪŋdəm/
Audio (General American): (file)
Rhymes: -ɪŋdəm
Hyphenation: king‧dom

Noun

kingdom (plural kingdoms)

A realm having a king and/or queen as its actual or nominal sovereign.
A realm, region, or conceptual space where something is dominant.
the kingdom of thought

the kingdom of the dead
(taxonomy) A rank in the classification of organisms, below domain and above phylum; a taxon at that rank (e.g. the plant kingdom, the animal kingdom).

Synonyms

(realm): kingric (Britain dialectal, obsolete)
(taxonomic rank): regnum

Hyponyms

Derived terms

Translations

realm having as supreme ruler a king and/or queen

Acehnese: keurajeuën
Afrikaans: koninkryk (af)
Aghwan: 𐕞𐕡𐕀𐕒𐕡𐕎 (üwxun)
Albanian: mbretëria (sq) f, mretënía f (Gheg)
Arabic: مَمْلَكَة (ar) f (mamlaka)
Egyptian Arabic: مملكة f (mamlaka)
Aramaic:
Classical Syriac: ܡܠܟܘܬܐ f (malkūṯā)

Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: מַלְכּוּתָא f (malkūṯā)
Armenian: թագավորություն (hy) (tʻagavorutʻyun), արքայություն (hy) (arkʻayutʻyun)
Aromanian: vãsilii f, amirãrilji f, duvleti f, crat n
Asturian: reinu (ast) m
Azerbaijani: krallıq (az), sultanlıq, padşahlıq
Basque: erresuma
Bavarian: Kinereich
Belarusian: карале́ўства n (karaljéŭstva), ца́рства n (cárstva)
Bengali: রাজ্য (bn) (rajjo), সালতানাত (bn) (saltanat), মুলুক (bn) (muluk)
Berber:
Tashelhit: tagldit f
Bikol Central: kahadean
Breton: rouantelezh (br) f
Bulgarian: кра́лство n (králstvo)
Burmese: တိုင်းပြည် (my) (tuing:prany)
Catalan: regne (ca) m
Chechen: элибахам (elibaxam), пачхьалкх (pačḥʳalq)
Chichewa: ufumu
Chinese:
Cantonese: 王國 / 王国 (wong⁴ gwok³)

Hokkien: 王國 / 王国 (zh-min-nan) (ông-kok)

Mandarin: 王國 / 王国 (zh) (wángguó), 君主國 / 君主国 (zh) (jūnzhǔguó)
Cornish: ruvaneth f
Czech: království (cs) n
Dalmatian: raigno m
Danish: kongerige (da) n, kongedømme n, rige
Dutch: koninkrijk (nl) n
Esperanto: reĝlando
Estonian: kuningriik (et)
Fala: reinu m
Faroese: kongsríki n
Finnish: kuningaskunta (fi)
French: royaume (fr) m
Friulian: ream m
Galician: reino (gl) m
Georgian: სამეფო (samepo)
German: Königreich (de) n, Königtum (de) n
Gothic: 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌹 f (þiudangardi)
Greek: βασίλειο (el) n (vasíleio), βασιλεία (el) f (vasileía)
Ancient: βασιλεία f (basileía)
Greenlandic: kunngeqarfik (kl)
Hawaiian: aupuni mōʻī
Hebrew: מַמְלָכָה (he) f (mamlakhá), מלכות (he) f (malkhút)
Hindi: राज्य (hi) m (rājya), बादशाहत (hi) f (bādśāhat), सल्तनत (hi) f (saltanat)
Hungarian: királyság (hu)
Hunsrik: Keenichreich n
Icelandic: konungsríki (is) n, konungsdæmi n, konungsveldi n
Ido: rejio (io)
Indonesian: kerajaan (id)
Irish: ríocht f
Italian: regno (it) m, reame (it) m
Japanese: 王国 (ja) (おうこく, ōkoku)
Kannada: ರಾಜ್ಯ (kn) (rājya)
Karelian: suarinmua
Kazakh: корольдік (koroldık), корольдық (koroldyq), бектік (bektık), патшалық (patşalyq)
Khmer: រាជាណាចក្រ (riəciənaacak), ចក្រភព (km) (cakkɑphup), នគរ (km) (nɔkɔɔ)
Korean: 왕국(王國) (ko) (wangguk)
Kurdish:
Central Kurdish: مەملەکەت (memleket)

Northern Kurdish: keyîtî (ku), qiralî (ku), padîşahî (ku), şahitî (ku)
Kven: kuninkhaanriiki, kuningasriikki
Kyrgyz: королевство (korolevstvo), падышалык (ky) (padışalık)
Lao: ອານາຈັກ (lo) (ʼā nā chak), ພຣະຣາຊອານາຈັກ (pha ra rāt ʼā nā chak)
Latgalian: kieneste f
Latin: rēgnum (la) n
Latvian: karaliste f, valstība f, valstība f
Ligurian: régno
Lingala: bokonzi class 14
Lithuanian: karalystė (lt) f
Low German:
German Low German: Königriek n
Luganda: olubiri
Lule Sami: gånågisrijkka
Luxembourgish: Kinnekräich (lb) n
Macedonian: кралство n (kralstvo)
Malay: kerajaan (ms), kedatuan, mamlakat
Maltese: renju
Manx: reeriaght f
Maori: kīngitanga, rangatiratanga (mi)
Maranao: ndato'an, ndatoan, ilian
Marathi: राज्य (mr) n (rājya)
Middle French: royaulme m
Moksha: оцязорксши (oćazorksši)
Mongolian:
Cyrillic: вант улс (vant uls)
Nahuatl: hueyitlahtohcayotl
Nepali: अधिराज्य (ne) (adhirājya)
Norman: rouoyaume m (Jersey), reyoume m (continental Normandy), rouoyanme m (Guernsey), royaûme m (Guernsey)
North Frisian: kiningrik
Northern Sami: gonagasriika
Norwegian:
Bokmål: kongerike (no) n, kongedømme (no) n
Occitan: reialme (oc) m, reiaume (oc) m
Old Church Slavonic:
Cyrillic: цѣсарьство n (cěsarĭstvo)
Old English: rīċe n
Old French: reaume m
Old Saxon: kuningdom m, rīki n
Pannonian Rusyn: кральовство n (kralʹovstvo)
Papiamentu: reino
Pashto: پاچايي (ps) f (pāčāyi), بادشاهي f (bādšāhi), باچاهي (ps) f (bāčāhi), باچايي f (bāčāyi), پاچاهي f (pāčāhi), سلطنت (ps) m (səltanat, soltanat)
Persian:
Iranian Persian: پادِشاهی (pâdešâhi), پادْشاهی (pâdšâhi), سَلْطَنَت (saltanat), ^{(please verify)} شَهْرِیاری (šahriyâri)
Polabian: ťenądztwü n
Polish: królestwo (pl) n
Portuguese: reino (pt) m
Romanian: regat (ro) n
Romansch: reginavel m, reginam m, raginam m, reginom m
Russian: короле́вство (ru) n (korolévstvo), ца́рство (ru) n (cárstvo) (tsardom)
Sardinian: regnu, aregnu, rennu
Saterland Frisian: Köönichriek
Scots: kingdom, kinrick
Scottish Gaelic: rìoghachd f
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: кра́љевство n, кра́љевина f

Roman: králjevstvo (sh) n, králjevina (sh) f
Silesian: krōlestwo
Sinhalese: රාජ්යය (rājyaya)
Slovak: kráľovstvo (sk) n
Slovene: kraljevina (sl) f, kraljestvo (sl) n
Sorbian:
Lower Sorbian: kralojstwo n

Upper Sorbian: kralestwo n
Southern Sami: gånkarijhke
Spanish: reino (es) m
Sranan Tongo: kownukondre
Swahili: ufalme, milki
Swedish: kungarike (sv) n, konungarike (sv) n, kungadöme (sv) n, konungadöme (sv) n
Tagalog: kaharian
Tajik: подшоҳӣ (podšohi), подишоҳӣ (podišohi), салтанат (saltanat)
Tamil: இராஜ்யம் (ta) (irājyam), அரசு (ta) (aracu)
Tatar: патшалык (tt) (patşalıq)
Telugu: రాజ్యము (te) (rājyamu)
Thai: อาณาจักร (th) (aa-naa-jàk)
Tumbuka: ufumu
Turkish: krallık (tr)
Turkmen: şalyk, patyşalyk
Ukrainian: королі́вство (uk) n (korolívstvo), ца́рство (uk) n (cárstvo)
Urdu: بادْشاہَت f (bādśāhat), سَلْطَنَت f (saltanat), مَمْلُکَت f (mamlukat), مَمْلَکَت f (mamlakat)
Uyghur: پادىشاھلىق (padishahliq), خانلىق (xanliq), سەلتەنەت (seltenet)
Uzbek: qirollik (uz), podsholik (uz), podshohlik (uz)
Vietnamese: vương quốc (vi) (王國)
Vilamovian: kyngrajch
Welsh: teyrnas (cy) f
West Frisian: keninkryk
Yiddish: קעניגרײַך (kenigraykh)
Zhuang: vangzgoz, vuengzguek

realm, region, or conceptual space where something is dominant

Finnish: valtakunta (fi)

taxonomic division, below Domain and above Phylum

Afrikaans: koninkryk (af)
Arabic: مَمْلَكَة (ar) f (mamlaka)
Armenian: թագավորություն (hy) (tʻagavorutʻyun)
Asturian: reinu (ast) m
Basque: erreinu
Bavarian: kinereich
Belarusian: ца́рства n (cárstva), свет m (svjet)
Bulgarian: ца́рство (bg) n (cárstvo)
Burmese: လောက (my) (lau:ka.)
Catalan: regne (ca) m
Chinese:
Cantonese: 界 (yue) (gaai³)

Hokkien: 界 (kài)

Mandarin: 界 (zh) (jiè)
Czech: říše (cs) f
Danish: rige n
Dutch: rijk (nl) n, plantenrijk (nl) n, dierenrijk (nl) n
Estonian: riik (et)
Finnish: kunta (fi)
French: règne (fr) m
Georgian: სამეფო (samepo)
German: Reich (de) n
Greek: βασίλειο (el) n (vasíleio)
Hebrew: ממלכה (he) f (mamlakha)
Hungarian: -világ (hu)
Indonesian: kerajaan (id)
Italian: regno (it) m
Japanese: 界 (ja) (かい, kai)
Kazakh: дүние (kk) (dünie)
Khmer: រជ្ជៈ (km) (raccĕəʼ)
Korean: 계(界) (ko) (gye)
Kurdish:
Northern Kurdish: cîhan (ku) f
Latin: rēgnum (la) n
Latvian: valsts (lv) f
Lithuanian: karalystė (lt) f
Macedonian: ца́рство n (cárstvo)
Malay: alam (ms)
Maori: mātāmuatanga
Mongolian:
Cyrillic: аймаг (mn) (ajmag)
Persian:
Iranian Persian: فَرْمانْرُو (farmânrow)
Polish: królestwo (pl) n
Portuguese: reino (pt) m
Romanian: regn (ro) n
Russian: ца́рство (ru) n (cárstvo), мир (ru) m (mir)
Scottish Gaelic: rìoghachd f
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: ца̑рство n

Roman: cȃrstvo (sh) n
Slovak: ríša f
Slovene: kraljestvo (sl) n
Swedish: rike (sv) n
Tagalog: anyuhay
Telugu: రాజ్యము (te) (rājyamu)
Thai: อาณาจักร (th) (aa-naa-jàk)
Turkish: alem (tr)
Ukrainian: ца́рство (uk) n (cárstvo), світ (uk) m (svit)
Vietnamese: giới (vi) (界 (vi))
Yakut: са́арыстыба (sáarıstıba)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

Esperanto: ^{(please verify)} regno (eo), ^{(please verify)} reĝlando
Galician: ^{(please verify)} reino (gl) m
Interlingua: ^{(please verify)} regno
Volapük: ^{(please verify)} regän (vo)

Middle English

Alternative forms

kyngdom, kyngdoom, kengdam, kyngdam, kyngedome, küngdom, kyngdome, kyngdan

Etymology

From Old English cyningdōm, from Proto-Germanic *kuningadōmaz. Equivalent to king +‎ -dom.

Etymology tree

Proto-Germanic *kuningadōmaz

Proto-West Germanic *kuningadōm

Old English cyningdōm

Middle English kingdom

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈkiŋɡdoːm/, /ˈkiŋɡdɔm/

Noun

kingdom (plural kingdoms)

dominion, lordship, rulership
(Christianity) The dominion and authority of God
kingdom, monarchy
state, realm
tribe, clan
region, domain, zone
(astrology) The region where a planet's influence predominates

Related terms

king

Descendants

English: kingdom
Scots: kingdom

References

“MED24300, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-03-31.

English

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Synonyms

Hyponyms

Derived terms

Translations

See also

Middle English

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Related terms

Descendants

References