餘糧

Chinese

		remainder	grain; provisions
trad. (餘糧)		餘	糧
simp. (余粮)		余	粮

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yúliáng

  (Zhuyin): ㄩˊ ㄌㄧㄤˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu⁴ loeng⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yúliáng
    • Zhuyin: ㄩˊ ㄌㄧㄤˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yúliáng
    • Wade–Giles: yü²-liang²
    • Yale: yú-lyáng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuliang
    • Palladius: юйлян (jujljan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /y³⁵ li̯ɑŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: jyu⁴ loeng⁴
    • Yale: yùh lèuhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jy⁴ loeng⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: yu⁴ lêng⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyː²¹ lœːŋ²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: yo ljang

Rime
Character	餘	糧
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	以諸切	呂章切
Baxter	yo	ljang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨʌ/	/lɨɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/jiɔ/	/liɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/iɔ/	/liɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jɨə̆/	/lɨaŋ/
Li Rong	/iɔ/	/liaŋ/
Wang Li	/jĭo/	/lĭaŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯wo/	/li̯aŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yú	liáng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyu4	loeng4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*la  [r]aŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*la  raŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	餘	糧
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yú	liáng
Middle Chinese	‹ yo ›	‹ ljang ›
Old Chinese	/*la/	/*[r]aŋ/
English	remains; surplus	grain, provisions
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	餘	糧
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	15800	8063
Phonetic component	余	量
Rime group	魚	陽
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	余
Old Chinese	/*la/	/*raŋ/
Notes		同糧

Noun

餘糧

1. surplus grain

   • 民有餘糧，使民以粟出官爵。官爵必以其力，則農不怠。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     民有余粮，使民以粟出官爵。官爵必以其力，则农不怠。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Lord Shang, circa 3^rd century BCE, translated based on J.J.L. Duyvendak's version

     Mín yǒu yúliáng, shǐ mín yǐ sù chū guānjué. Guānjué bì yǐ qí lì, zé nóng bù dài. [Pinyin]

     If the people have a surplus of grain, cause them to obtain office and rank by means of their cereals; if through their own efforts they can count upon obtaining office and rank, farmers will not be lazy.

   • 經過了四年艱苦奮鬥，一年一年好起來，絕大多數的社員成了餘糧戶。 [MSC, trad.]
     经过了四年艰苦奋斗，一年一年好起来，绝大多数的社员成了余粮户。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 1957, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《關於正確處理人民內部矛盾的問題》 (On the Correct Handling of Contradictions Among the People), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition

     Jīngguò le sì nián jiānkǔfèndòu, yī nián yī nián hǎo qilai, juédàduōshù de shèyuán chéng le yúliánghù. [Pinyin]

     But it has become better off year by year, and now, after four years of hard struggle, most of its households have reserves of grain.

Derived terms

• 戶有餘糧／户有余粮
• 禹餘糧／禹余粮
• 餘糧徵集制／余粮征集制 (yúliáng zhēngjízhì)