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慘

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 惨
慘 U+6158, 慘
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6158
← 慗
[U+6157] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 慙 →
[U+6159]

Translingual

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Han character

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慘 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 心戈戈竹 (PIIH), four-corner 93022, composition ⿰忄參)

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 398, character 38
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11094
  • Dae Jaweon: page 738, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2348, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+6158

Chinese

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trad. 慘
simp. 惨
alternative forms 惨
憯
𢠊
𢡖
𰑯

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 慘
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (參) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
篸 *ʔsluːm, *ʔsluːms
參 *sʰluːm, *sʰluːms, *sloːm, *sʰrum, *srum
驂 *sʰluːm
傪 *sʰluːm, *sʰluːmʔ
慘 *sʰluːmʔ
黲 *sʰluːmʔ, *sʰloːmʔ
謲 *sʰluːms
毿 *sluːm
蔘 *sluːm, *srum
犙 *sluːm, *sru, *srɯu
糝 *sluːmʔ
槮 *sluːmʔ, *sʰrum, *srum, *srumʔ
鬖 *sloːm
摻 *sruːm, *sruːmʔ
醦 *sruːmʔ, *sʰrumʔ
縿 *sroːm
穇 *sroːm
嵾 *sʰrum
磣 *sʰrumʔ
墋 *sʰrumʔ
曑 *srum
瘮 *srumʔ
滲 *srums

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sʰluːmʔ): semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 參 (OC *sʰluːm, *sʰluːms, *sloːm, *sʰrum, *srum)

Pronunciation

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  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 慘
Mandarin Beijing /t͡sʰan²¹⁴/
Harbin /t͡sʰan⁵³/
Tianjin /t͡sʰan¹³/
Jinan /t͡sʰã⁵⁵/
Qingdao /t͡sʰã⁴²/
Zhengzhou /t͡sʰan²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡sʰã⁵³/
Xining /t͡sʰã⁵³/
Yinchuan /t͡sʰan⁵³/
Lanzhou /t͡sʰɛ̃n⁵³/
Ürümqi /t͡sʰan⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡sʰan⁴²/
Chengdu /t͡sʰan⁵³/
Guiyang /t͡sʰan⁴²/
Kunming /t͡sʰã̠⁵³/
Nanjing /t͡sʰaŋ²¹²/
Hefei /t͡sʰæ̃²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sʰæ̃⁵³/
Pingyao /t͡sʰɑŋ⁵³/
Hohhot /t͡sʰæ̃⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /t͡sʰø³⁵/
Suzhou /t͡sʰø⁵¹/
Hangzhou /t͡sʰẽ̞⁵³/
Wenzhou /t͡sʰø³⁵/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʰɛ³⁵/
Tunxi /t͡sʰɔ³¹/
Xiang Changsha /t͡sʰan⁴¹/
Xiangtan /t͡sʰan⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰan²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰam³¹/
Taoyuan /t͡sʰɑm³¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰam³⁵/
Nanning /t͡sʰam³⁵/
Hong Kong /t͡sʰam³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /t͡sʰam⁵³/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡sʰaŋ³²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡sʰaŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡sʰam⁵³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /sam²¹³/
Rime
Character 慘
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 清 (14)
Final (韻) 覃 (159)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 七感切
Baxter tshomX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡sʰʌmX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡sʰəmX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡sʰɒmX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/t͡sʰəmX/
Li
Rong 		/t͡sʰᴀmX/
Wang
Li 		/t͡sʰɒmX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/t͡sʰămX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		cǎn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		caam2
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 慘
Reading # 1/1
No. 1084
Phonetic
component 		參
Rime
group 		侵
Rime
subdivision 		3
Corresponding
MC rime 		慘
Old
Chinese 		/*sʰluːmʔ/

Definitions

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慘

  1. (literary, or in compounds) cruel; vicious; malicious
  2. (of losses, defeats, etc.) severe; crushing; heavy
  3. miserable; pitiful; wretched
  4. (literary, or in compounds) gloomy; dim; dismal

Synonyms

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  • (cruel):
  • (severe):
  • (miserable):
  • (gloomy):

Compounds

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References

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  • “慘”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “惨”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 22.

Japanese

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Shinjitai

惨

Kyūjitai

慘

Kanji

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慘

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 惨)

  1. Kyūjitai form of 惨: wretched

Readings

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  • Go-on: そん (son)
  • Kan-on: さん (san)
  • Kan’yō-on: ざん (zan)
  • Kun: みじめ (mijime, 慘め)、いたむ (itamu, 慘む)

Korean

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Hanja

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慘 • (cham, chim) (hangeul 참, 침, revised cham, chim, McCune–Reischauer ch'am, ch'im, Yale cham, chim)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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慘: Hán Nôm readings: thảm, thom, thỏm

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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