傷心

See also: 伤心

Chinese

		injure; injury; wound	heart; mind
trad. (傷心)		傷	心
simp. (伤心)		伤	心

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shāngxīn

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄤㄒㄧㄣ
Cantonese (Jyutping): soeng¹ sam¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): sông-sîm

(Meixian, Guangdong): song¹ xim¹
Northern Min (KCR): sióng-séng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): siong-sim / siang-sim

(Teochew, Peng'im): siên¹ sim¹ / sion¹ sim¹
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ¹saon-shin₁ / ¹saon-sin₁

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shāngxīn
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄤㄒㄧㄣ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shangsin
  - Wade–Giles: shang¹-hsin¹
  - Yale: shāng-syīn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shangshin
  - Palladius: шансинь (šansinʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: soeng¹ sam¹
  - Yale: sēung sām
  - Cantonese Pinyin: soeng¹ sam¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: sêng¹ sem¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sœːŋ⁵⁵ sɐm⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sông-sîm
  - Hakka Romanization System: song^ˊ xim^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: song¹ xim¹
  - Sinological IPA: /soŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ sim²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: song¹ xim¹
  - Sinological IPA: /sɔŋ⁴⁴ sim⁴⁴/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sióng-séng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siɔŋ⁵⁴ seiŋ⁵⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siong-sim
  - Tâi-lô: siong-sim
  - Phofsit Daibuun: siongsym
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sim⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /siɔŋ³³ sim³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sim⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siang-sim
  - Tâi-lô: siang-sim
  - Phofsit Daibuun: siangsym
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sim⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: siên¹ sim¹ / sion¹ sim¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sieⁿ sim / sioⁿ sim
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sĩẽ³³⁻²³ sim³³/, /sĩõ³³⁻²³ sim³³/

Note:

siên1 sim1 - Chaozhou;
sion1 sim1 - Jieyang.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹saon-shin₁
  - MiniDict: saon^平 shin^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹saan-xin₁
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sɑ̃⁵⁵ ɕin²¹/
- (Northern: Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ¹saon-sin₁
  - MiniDict: saon^平 sin^平
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /sɑ̃⁴⁴ sin/

Middle Chinese: syang sim

Rime
Character	傷	心
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	書 (26)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)	侵 (139)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	式羊切	息林切
Baxter	syang	sim
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕɨɐŋ/	/siɪm/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕiɐŋ/	/sim/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕiɑŋ/	/sjem/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕɨaŋ/	/sim/
Li Rong	/ɕiaŋ/	/siəm/
Wang Li	/ɕĭaŋ/	/sĭĕm/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɕi̯aŋ/	/si̯əm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shāng	xīn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	soeng¹	sam¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥aŋ səm/

(Zhengzhang): /*hljaŋ slɯm/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	傷	心
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shāng	xīn
Middle Chinese	‹ syang ›	‹ sim ›
Old Chinese	/*l̥aŋ/	/*səm/
English	wound	heart
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	傷	心
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	14581	13801
Phonetic component	昜	心
Rime group	陽	侵
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	商	心
Old Chinese	/*hljaŋ/	/*slɯm/

Adjective

傷心

sad; grieved; brokenhearted
我越想越覺得傷心。 [MSC, trad.]
我越想越觉得伤心。 [MSC, simp.]
Wǒ yuè xiǎng yuè juéde shāngxīn. [Pinyin]
The more I think, the sadder I feel.

Synonyms

edit

京京 (jīngjīng) (literary)
傷悲 / 伤悲 (shāngbēi) (literary)
傷感 / 伤感 (shānggǎn)
傷懷 / 伤怀 (shānghuái) (literary)
傷痛 / 伤痛 (shāngtòng)
傷神 / 伤神 (shāngshén) (literary)
刺心 (cìxīn)
哀傷 / 哀伤 (āishāng)
哀切 (āiqiè)
哀怨 (āiyuàn)
哀悽 / 哀凄 (āiqī)
哀慟 / 哀恸 (āitòng)
哀戚 (āiqī) (literary)
哀痛 (āitòng)
哀苦 (āikǔ)
心酸 (xīnsuān)
怛傷 / 怛伤 (dáshāng) (literary)
悄然 (qiǎorán) (literary)
情傷 / 情伤 (qíngshāng) (literary)
悲催 (bēicuī) (neologism, jocular)
悲傷 / 悲伤 (bēishāng)
悲切 (bēiqiè) (literary)
悲哀 (bēi'āi)
悲悽 / 悲凄 (bēiqī)
悽惶 / 凄惶 (qīhuáng) (literary)
悱惻 / 悱恻 (fěicè) (literary)
悽愴 / 凄怆 (qīchuàng) (literary)
悲愴 / 悲怆 (bēichuàng) (literary)
悲慟 / 悲恸 (bēitòng)
悲慘 / 悲惨 (bēicǎn)
悽戚 / 凄戚 (qīqī) (literary)
悲戚 (bēiqī)
悲摧 (bēicuī) (literary)
悲楚 (bēichǔ) (literary)
悲涼 / 悲凉 (bēiliáng)
悲痛 (bēitòng)
悲苦 (bēikǔ)
感傷 / 感伤 (gǎnshāng)
愀愴 / 愀怆 (qiǎochuàng)
愁楚 (chóuchǔ) (literary)
惻然 / 恻然 (cèrán) (literary)
愴然 / 怆然 (chuàngrán) (literary)
慘 / 惨 (cǎn)
憂傷 / 忧伤 (yōushāng)
慘悽 / 惨凄 (cǎnqī)
憂愁 / 忧愁 (yōuchóu)
憂戚 / 忧戚 (yōuqī) (literary)
慘淡 / 惨淡 (cǎndàn)
憯懍 / 憯懔 (cǎnlǐn)
懤懤 / 㤽㤽 (chóuchóu)
沉痛 (chéntòng)
淒切 / 凄切 (qīqiè)
淒惻 / 凄恻 (qīcè) (literary)
淒慘 / 凄惨 (qīcǎn)
淒楚 / 凄楚 (qīchǔ)
淒涼 / 凄凉 (qīliáng)
淒然 / 凄然 (qīrán) (literary)
痛心 (tòngxīn)
艱苦心 / 艰苦心 (Hokkien)
蒼涼 / 苍凉 (cāngliáng)
酸心 (suānxīn)
難受 / 难受 (nánshòu)
難過 / 难过 (nánguò)
青凊 (Hokkien)
黯然 (ànrán)

Verb

傷⫽心 (verb-object) (intransitive)

to break the heart of someone; to make someone sad; to aggrieve
難道你不知道你現在已經傷了很多人的心嗎？ [MSC, trad.]
难道你不知道你现在已经伤了很多人的心吗？ [MSC, simp.]
Nándào nǐ bù zhīdào nǐ xiànzài yǐjīng shāng le hěn duō rén de xīn ma? [Pinyin]
Don’t you know that you have broken the hearts of many people?
- 是故懷戚者聞之，莫不憯懍慘悽，愀愴傷心。 [MSC, trad.]
  是故怀戚者闻之，莫不憯懔惨凄，愀怆伤心。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 《琴賦》(A Composition on the Qin) by Ji Kang (223–262); 1941 translation by Robert van Gulik
  Shìgù huái qī zhě wén zhī, mòbù cǎnlǐn cǎnqī, qiǎochuàng shāngxīn. [Pinyin]
  If the downcast hear this music, they will all be sorrowful and pained, grief will wound their hearts, and they cannot refrain from mournful wails.

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (傷心):

→ Japanese: 傷(しょう)心(しん) (shōshin)
→ Korean: 상심(傷心) (sangsim)
→ Vietnamese: thương tâm (傷心)