京京

Chinese

		capital; Beijing (abbrev.)	capital; Beijing (abbrev.)
simp. and trad. (京京)		京	京

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jīngjīng

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥㄐㄧㄥ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jīngjīng
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥㄐㄧㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jingjing
  - Wade–Giles: ching¹-ching¹
  - Yale: jīng-jīng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jingjing
  - Palladius: цзинцзин (czinczin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    京京
    晶晶

Middle Chinese: kjaeng kjaeng

Rime
Character	京
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	庚 (111)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	舉卿切
Baxter	kjaeng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠiæŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚiaŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kiaŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kiajŋ/
Li Rong	/kiɐŋ/
Wang Li	/kĭɐŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ki̯ɐŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jīng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ging¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]raŋ [k]raŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*kraŋ kraŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	京
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jīng
Middle Chinese	‹ kjæng ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]raŋ/
English	hill; capital city
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	京
Reading #	1/1
No.	6828
Phonetic component	京
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	驚
Old Chinese	/*kraŋ/

Adjective

京京

(literary) sad; worried; depressed
- 念我獨兮，憂心京京。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  念我独兮，忧心京京。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Niàn wǒ dú xī, yōu xīn jīngjīng. [Pinyin]
  I think how I stand alone,
  And the sorrow of my heart grows intense.

Synonyms

edit

傷心 / 伤心 (shāngxīn)
傷悲 / 伤悲 (shāngbēi) (literary)
傷感 / 伤感 (shānggǎn)
傷懷 / 伤怀 (shānghuái) (literary)
傷痛 / 伤痛 (shāngtòng)
傷神 / 伤神 (shāngshén) (literary)
刺心 (cìxīn)
哀傷 / 哀伤 (āishāng)
哀切 (āiqiè)
哀怨 (āiyuàn)
哀悽 / 哀凄 (āiqī)
哀慟 / 哀恸 (āitòng)
哀戚 (āiqī) (literary)
哀痛 (āitòng)
哀苦 (āikǔ)
心酸 (xīnsuān)
怛傷 / 怛伤 (dáshāng) (literary)
悄然 (qiǎorán) (literary)
情傷 / 情伤 (qíngshāng) (literary)
悲催 (bēicuī) (neologism, jocular)
悲傷 / 悲伤 (bēishāng)
悲切 (bēiqiè) (literary)
悲哀 (bēi'āi)
悲悽 / 悲凄 (bēiqī)
悽惶 / 凄惶 (qīhuáng) (literary)
悱惻 / 悱恻 (fěicè) (literary)
悽愴 / 凄怆 (qīchuàng) (literary)
悲愴 / 悲怆 (bēichuàng) (literary)
悲慟 / 悲恸 (bēitòng)
悲慘 / 悲惨 (bēicǎn)
悽戚 / 凄戚 (qīqī) (literary)
悲戚 (bēiqī)
悲摧 (bēicuī) (literary)
悲楚 (bēichǔ) (literary)
悲涼 / 悲凉 (bēiliáng)
悲痛 (bēitòng)
悲苦 (bēikǔ)
感傷 / 感伤 (gǎnshāng)
愀愴 / 愀怆 (qiǎochuàng)
愁楚 (chóuchǔ) (literary)
惻然 / 恻然 (cèrán) (literary)
愴然 / 怆然 (chuàngrán) (literary)
慘 / 惨 (cǎn)
憂傷 / 忧伤 (yōushāng)
慘悽 / 惨凄 (cǎnqī)
憂愁 / 忧愁 (yōuchóu)
憂戚 / 忧戚 (yōuqī) (literary)
慘淡 / 惨淡 (cǎndàn)
憯懍 / 憯懔 (cǎnlǐn)
懤懤 / 㤽㤽 (chóuchóu)
沉痛 (chéntòng)
淒切 / 凄切 (qīqiè)
淒惻 / 凄恻 (qīcè) (literary)
淒慘 / 凄惨 (qīcǎn)
淒楚 / 凄楚 (qīchǔ)
淒涼 / 凄凉 (qīliáng)
淒然 / 凄然 (qīrán) (literary)
痛心 (tòngxīn)
艱苦心 / 艰苦心 (Hokkien)
蒼涼 / 苍凉 (cāngliáng)
酸心 (suānxīn)
難受 / 难受 (nánshòu)
難過 / 难过 (nánguò)
青凊 (Hokkien)
黯然 (ànrán)

Etymology 2

From 驚驚 / 惊惊.

Pronunciation

Cantonese (Jyutping): ging¹ ging¹

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ging¹ ging¹
  - Yale: gīng gīng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ging¹ ging¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: ging¹ ging¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɪŋ⁵⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵/

Adjective

京京

(Hong Kong Cantonese, neologism, leetspeak) scared
禾巧京京 [Hong Kong Cantonese] ― wo⁵ haau² ging¹ ging¹ [Jyutping] ― I'm very scared