愴然

Chinese

		mournful; sad; grieved mournful; sad; grieved; sorry	so; thus; like this so; thus; like this; ‑ly; correct; right
trad. (愴然)		愴	然
simp. (怆然)		怆	然

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chuàngrán

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄤˋ ㄖㄢˊ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chuàngrán
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄤˋ ㄖㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chuàngrán
  - Wade–Giles: chʻuang⁴-jan²
  - Yale: chwàng-rán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chuanqran
  - Palladius: чуанжань (čuanžanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯ɑŋ⁵¹ ʐän³⁵/

Adjective

愴然

(literary) sad; sorrowful
- 暮色漸起，戍角悲吟。予懷愴然，感慨今昔，因自度此曲。千巖老人以為有《黍離》之悲也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  暮色渐起，戍角悲吟。予怀怆然，感慨今昔，因自度此曲。千岩老人以为有《黍离》之悲也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: 1176, Dec 14, Jiang Kui (姜夔), 《揚州慢•淮左名都》
  Mùsè jiàn qǐ, shùjiǎo bēi yín. Yú huái chuàngrán, gǎnkǎi jīnxī, yīn zì dù cǐ qǔ. Qiānyánlǎorén yǐwéi yǒu “Shǔlí” zhī bēi yě. [Pinyin]
  Night veil slowly fell. Mournful bugle sounds rang out. I was overwhelmed with gloom. In lamenting over changes now from the past, I composed this song. Qianyan elder thought its poignancy rivaled “Shuli”.
- 鄉園多故，不能不動客子之愁，至於長者之抱才而困，則又令我愴然有感。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  乡园多故，不能不动客子之愁，至于长者之抱才而困，则又令我怆然有感。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: c. mid-1500s, Zong Chen（宗臣）,《報劉一丈書》
  Xiāngyuán duōgù, bùnéngbù dòng kèzǐ zhī chóu, zhìyú zhǎngzhě zhī bàocái ér kùn, zé yòu lìng wǒ chuàngrán yǒugǎn. [Pinyin]
  My hometown has been experiencing an eventful time, which aroused nostalgia in me. That a talented man like you can find no way to realize your ambition further grieved me.

Synonyms

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京京 (jīngjīng) (literary)
傷心 / 伤心 (shāngxīn)
傷悲 / 伤悲 (shāngbēi) (literary)
傷感 / 伤感 (shānggǎn)
傷懷 / 伤怀 (shānghuái) (literary)
傷痛 / 伤痛 (shāngtòng)
傷神 / 伤神 (shāngshén) (literary)
刺心 (cìxīn)
哀傷 / 哀伤 (āishāng)
哀切 (āiqiè)
哀怨 (āiyuàn)
哀悽 / 哀凄 (āiqī)
哀慟 / 哀恸 (āitòng)
哀戚 (āiqī) (literary)
哀痛 (āitòng)
哀苦 (āikǔ)
心酸 (xīnsuān)
怛傷 / 怛伤 (dáshāng) (literary)
悄然 (qiǎorán) (literary)
情傷 / 情伤 (qíngshāng) (literary)
悲催 (bēicuī) (neologism, jocular)
悲傷 / 悲伤 (bēishāng)
悲切 (bēiqiè) (literary)
悲哀 (bēi'āi)
悲悽 / 悲凄 (bēiqī)
悱惻 / 悱恻 (fěicè) (literary)
悽惶 / 凄惶 (qīhuáng) (literary)
悽愴 / 凄怆 (qīchuàng) (literary)
悲愴 / 悲怆 (bēichuàng) (literary)
悲慘 / 悲惨 (bēicǎn)
悲慟 / 悲恸 (bēitòng)
悲戚 (bēiqī)
悽戚 / 凄戚 (qīqī) (literary)
悲摧 (bēicuī) (literary)
悲楚 (bēichǔ) (literary)
悲涼 / 悲凉 (bēiliáng)
悲痛 (bēitòng)
悲苦 (bēikǔ)
感傷 / 感伤 (gǎnshāng)
愀愴 / 愀怆 (qiǎochuàng)
愁楚 (chóuchǔ) (literary)
惻然 / 恻然 (cèrán) (literary)
慘 / 惨 (cǎn)
憂傷 / 忧伤 (yōushāng)
慘悽 / 惨凄 (cǎnqī)
憂愁 / 忧愁 (yōuchóu)
憂戚 / 忧戚 (yōuqī) (literary)
慘淡 / 惨淡 (cǎndàn)
憯懍 / 憯懔 (cǎnlǐn)
懤懤 / 㤽㤽 (chóuchóu)
沉痛 (chéntòng)
淒切 / 凄切 (qīqiè)
淒惻 / 凄恻 (qīcè) (literary)
淒慘 / 凄惨 (qīcǎn)
淒楚 / 凄楚 (qīchǔ)
淒涼 / 凄凉 (qīliáng)
淒然 / 凄然 (qīrán) (literary)
痛心 (tòngxīn)
艱苦心 / 艰苦心 (Hokkien)
蒼涼 / 苍凉 (cāngliáng)
酸心 (suānxīn)
難受 / 难受 (nánshòu)
難過 / 难过 (nánguò)
青凊 (Hokkien)
黯然 (ànrán)