Jump to content

驚

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 惊
驚 U+9A5A, 驚
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9A5A
← 驙
[U+9A59] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 驛 →
[U+9A5B]

Translingual

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

驚 (Kangxi radical 187, 馬+12, 22 strokes, cangjie input 廿大尸手火 (TKSQF), four-corner 48327, composition ⿱敬馬)

Descendants

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1446, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45013
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1970, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4576, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+9A5A

Chinese

[edit]
trad. 驚
simp. 惊*

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character 驚
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (敬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
蟼 *kraː, *kreŋ, *kreŋʔ
憼 *kaŋʔ, *kreŋʔ
驚 *kreŋ
警 *kreŋʔ
儆 *kreŋʔ, *ɡreŋs
璥 *keŋʔ
檠 *kreŋʔ, *ɡreŋ, *ɡreŋs
敬 *kreŋs
擎 *ɡreŋ
曔 *ɡreŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kreŋ): phonetic 敬 (OC *kreŋs) + semantic 馬, as horses are skittish (easily startled and frightened). However, the phonetic component depicts either a dog sitting or a man kneeling and a hand holding a stick to express authority, hence it adds part of the meaning.

Etymology 1

[edit]

Compare Old Khmer kreṅa (“to fear”), whence Khmer ក្រែង (kraeng, “to fear”), Thai เกรง (greeng, “to fear; to worry”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Within Chinese, cognate with 敬 (OC *kreŋs, “to be respectful; to warn”), 警 (OC *kreŋʔ, “to warn; to be on one's guard”) (Schuessler, 2007). A possible vocalic variant is 兢 (jīng, “to be cautious”).

Pronunciation

[edit]
Note:
  • geng1 - vernacular;
  • ging1 - literary.
Note:
  • giăng - vernacular;
  • gĭng - literary.
Note:
  • gia1/giaⁿ1 - vernacular;
  • ging1 - literary.
Note:
  • kiaⁿ - vernacular;
  • keⁿ/kiⁿ - vernacular (limited use, e.g. 驚蟄);
  • keng - literary.
Note:
  • gia1 - vernacular;
  • ging1 - literary.
Rime
Character 驚
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 庚 (111)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 舉卿切
Baxter kjaeng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kˠiæŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kᵚiaŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kiaŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kiajŋ/
Li
Rong 		/kiɐŋ/
Wang
Li 		/kĭɐŋ/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ki̯ɐŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jīng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ging1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 驚
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jīng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kjæng ›
Old
Chinese 		/*kreŋ/
English be afraid

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 驚
Reading # 1/1
No. 6877
Phonetic
component 		敬
Rime
group 		耕
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		驚
Old
Chinese 		/*kreŋ/

Definitions

[edit]

驚

  1. to fear; to be afraid
    驚咩啫？／惊咩啫？ [Cantonese]  ―  geng1 me1 ze1? [Jyutping]  ―  What are you afraid of? What is there to be afraid of?
  2. (of a horse etc.) to be startled; to be shy
  3. to frighten; to scare
  4. scary; frightening
  5. fearfully; I'm afraid that ...

Synonyms

[edit]
  • (to fear):
Dialectal synonyms of 害怕 (“to fear; to be afraid of”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 懼, 畏, 恐, 怯, 驚, 惶, 悚, 懾, 恇
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 害怕, 懼怕, 畏懼
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 害怕, 怕
Taiwan 害怕, 怕
Harbin 害怕, 發毛
Malaysia 怕
Singapore 怕, 害怕
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 害怕, 怕, 打怵
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 害怕, 怵
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 害怕, 怕
Wanrong 驚
Xi'an 害怕, 怕, 怯火
Xuzhou 嫌怕, 打怵
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 害怕, 嚇
Lanzhou 害怕, 怯, 怯乎, 怯豁
Ürümqi 害怕
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 害怕, 怕, 虛火, 虛
Wuhan 嚇不過, 怕
Guiyang 害怕, 怕
Kunming 害怕
Guilin 怕
Liuzhou 慌
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 嚇怕, 怕
Yangzhou 害怕, 怕, 怕懼, 懼乎
Hefei 怕
Cantonese Guangzhou 驚, 怕, 慌, 窒
Hong Kong 驚, 怕, 慌
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 狂
Macau 驚
Guangzhou (Panyu) 驚
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 慌
Guangzhou (Conghua) 驚
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 好怕
Foshan 驚, 窒
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 慌, 怕
Foshan (Shunde) 慌
Foshan (Sanshui) 慌
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 慌
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 驚
Zhongshan (Huancheng) 驚
Zhongshan (Nanlang) 驚
Zhongshan (Xiaolan) 慌
Zhongshan (Dongsheng, Xiaolan) 慌
Zhongshan (Tanbei, Xiaolan) 慌
Zhongshan (Henglan) 慌
Zhongshan (Dongfeng) 慌
Zhongshan (Nantou) 慌
Zhongshan (Fusha) 慌
Zhongshan (Shalang) 慌
Zhongshan (Gangkou) 慌
Zhongshan (Huangpu) 慌, 驚
Zhongshan (Sanjiao) 狂, 驚
Zhongshan (Langwang, Minzhong) 慌, 驚
Zhongshan (Minzhong) 慌, 驚
Zhongshan (Guzhen) 𢗉
Zhongshan (Banfu) 慌, 驚
Zhongshan (Tanzhou) 慌, 驚
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 驚
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 驚
Zhuhai (Doumen) 驚
Jiangmen (Baisha) 驚
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 驚
Taishan 𢗉
Kaiping (Chikan) 𢗉
Enping (Niujiang) 𢗉
Heshan (Yayao) 慌
Dongguan 狂
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 驚
Shaoguan 驚, 窒
Yunfu 怕, 驚
Yangjiang 𢗉
Xinyi 狂
Lianjiang 驚
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 驚, 怕
Singapore (Guangfu) 驚, 怕
Gan Nanchang 怕
Lichuan 怕
Hakka Meixian 驚, 怕畏, 畏, 怕
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 狂
Dongguan (Qingxi) 狂
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 好狂
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 驚
Wuhua (Huacheng) 怕, 驚, 畏
Heyuan (Bendihua) 驚
Wengyuan 驚
Liannan 驚
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 狂
Jiexi 驚
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 驚
Changting 怕
Wuping 怕
Wuping (Yanqian) 怕
Liancheng 嚇
Ninghua 怕
Ningdu 怕
Tonggu (Sandu) 怕
Ganzhou (Panlong) 怕
Dayu 怕
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 驚
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 驚
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 驚
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 驚
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 驚
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 驚
Hong Kong 狂, 驚
Mengshan (Xihe) 怕
Luchuan 狂
Sabah (Longchuan) 狂
Senai (Huiyang) 狂
Singkawang 驚
Huizhou Jixi 怕, 嚇
Jin Taiyuan 害怕, 怕
Xinzhou 著怕, 怕
Northern Min Jian'ou 驚, 怕, 怯, 畏
Jian'ou (Dikou) 驚
Songxi 驚
Zhenghe 驚
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 驚
Jianyang 驚
Jianyang (Huangkeng) 畏
Wuyishan 嚇
Pucheng (Shibei) 嚇
Eastern Min Fuzhou 驚
Fuzhou (Changle) 驚
Lianjiang 驚
Fuqing 驚
Pingtan 驚
Yongtai 驚
Minqing 驚
Gutian 驚
Pingnan 驚
Luoyuan 驚
Fu'an 驚
Ningde 驚
Xiapu 驚
Zherong 驚
Shouning 驚
Zhouning 驚
Fuding 驚
Singapore (Fuqing) 驚
Southern Min Xiamen 驚, 著驚, 驚惶, 懾, 懾屎, 會攝, 掣
Xiamen (Tong'an) 驚
Quanzhou 驚, 著驚, 懾, 懾屎, 會攝, 掣
Jinjiang 驚
Nan'an 驚
Shishi 驚
Hui'an 驚
Anxi 驚
Yongchun 驚
Dehua 驚
Zhangzhou 驚, 著驚, 驚惶, 懾, 會攝, 掣
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 驚
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 驚
Hua'an 驚
Nanjing 驚
Pinghe 驚
Zhangpu 驚
Yunxiao 驚
Zhao'an 驚
Dongshan 驚
Kaohsiung 驚
Yilan 驚
Changhua (Lukang) 驚
Taichung 驚
Taichung (Wuqi) 驚惶
Tainan 驚
Taitung 驚
Hsinchu 驚
Kinmen 驚
Penghu (Magong) 驚
Penang (Hokkien) 驚
Singapore (Hokkien) 驚
Manila (Hokkien) 驚
Longyan 嚇
Zhangping 驚
Datian 驚
Chaozhou 驚, 畏
Raoping 驚
Shantou 驚
Jieyang 驚, 畏
Haifeng 驚
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 驚
Singapore (Teochew) 驚
Leizhou 驚
Wenchang 驚
Haikou 驚
Qionghai 驚
Singapore (Hainanese) 驚
Puxian Min Putian 驚
Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) 驚
Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) 驚
Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) 驚
Xianyou 驚
Xianyou (Fengting) 驚
Xianyou (Youyang) 驚
Central Min Yong'an 驚
Sanming (Sanyuan) 驚
Sanming (Shaxian) 驚
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 驚
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 狂, 怕
Wu Shanghai 怕, 嚇
Shanghai (Chongming) 嚇
Suzhou 怕, 嚇
Danyang 怕
Hangzhou 怕, 嚇, 慌, 怕慌, 發毛
Ningbo 怕, 嚇
Wenzhou 怕, 嚇
Jinhua 光
Xiang Changsha 怕, 畏怯
Loudi 怕
Shuangfeng 怕
  • (to frighten):

Compounds

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]
Sino-Xenic (驚):
  • → Japanese: 驚(きょう) (kyō)
  • → Korean: 경(驚) (gyeong)
  • → Vietnamese: kinh (驚)

Etymology 2

[edit]

Borrowed from English game.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

驚

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese, Internet slang, neologism) Alternative form of game. (Classifier: 隻／只 c)

Japanese

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]
驚

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. wonder
  2. be surprised
  3. frightened
  4. amazed

Readings

[edit]

Derived terms

[edit]

Korean

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]

驚 (eumhun 놀랄 경 (nollal gyeong))

  1. hanja form? of 경 (“surprised, startled”)

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

驚: Hán Nôm readings: kinh

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=驚&oldid=83530692"