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おどろく

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Japanese

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Alternative spellings
驚く
愕く
駭く

Etymology

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From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[1] Ultimate derivation unclear. Possibilities include:

  • Cognate with, or otherwise alteration from, 轟く (todoroku, to make a loud noise, as when surprised)
  • Derived from apparent conjugation form odo from 怖づ (odu, odzu, to be afraid, to be scared of something, modern verb 怖じる, ojiru), plus uncertain suffix -roku

Pronunciation

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  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「驚く
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)
驚く どろ [òdóróꜜkù]
Imperative (命令形) 驚け どろ [òdóróꜜkè]
Key constructions
Passive 驚かれる どろかれ [òdórókáréꜜrù]
Causative 驚かせる どろかせ [òdórókáséꜜrù]
Potential 驚ける どろけ [òdórókéꜜrù]
Volitional 驚こう どろこ [òdórókóꜜò]
Negative 驚かない どろかない [òdórókáꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 驚かなかった どろかなかった [òdórókáꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 驚きます どろきま [òdórókímáꜜsù]
Perfective 驚いた どろいた [òdóróꜜìtà]
Conjunctive 驚いて どろいて [òdóróꜜìtè]
Hypothetical conditional 驚けば どろけば [òdóróꜜkèbà]

Verb

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おどろく (odorokuintransitive godan (stem おどろき (odoroki), past おどろいた (odoroita))

  1. to be astonished, surprised, amazed, startled
    • 2011, Barack Obama, 中東と北アフリカに関するバラク・オバマの演説, translation of "Remarks by the President on the Middle East and North Africa":
      この(かく)(めい)(もの)(がたり)やその(あと)()()(ごと)は、(おどろ)()たらない。
      Kono kakumei no monogatari ya sono ato no dekigoto wa, odoroku ni ataranai.
      The story of this revolution, and the ones that followed, should not have come as a surprise.
    • 1956, Yasunari Kawabata, Yukiguni [Snow Country]:
      (かれ)(おどろ)いて(はな)させると(ふか)()(がた)がついていた。
      Kare ga odoroite hanasaseru to fukai hagata ga tsuite ita.
      Startled, he pulled her arm away: deep tooth marks were on it.

Conjugation

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Synonyms

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References

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  1. ^ 驚・愕・駭”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  4. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN