怖じる
Appearance
Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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怖 |
お Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
Etymology
[edit]From Old Japanese verb 怖づ.
Development
Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 上二段活用 (kami nidan katsuyō, “upper bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 上一段活用 (kami ichidan katsuyō, “upper monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -iru.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]Japanese verb pair | |
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active | 脅す |
mediopassive | 怖じる |
怖じる • (ojiru) ←おぢる (odiru)?intransitive ichidan (stem 怖じ (oji), past 怖じた (ojita))
- to be scared
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "怖じる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
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Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 怖じ | おじ | oji | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 怖じ | おじ | oji | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 怖じる | おじる | ojiru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 怖じる | おじる | ojiru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 怖じれ | おじれ | ojire | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 怖じよ¹ 怖じろ² |
おじよ¹ おじろ² |
ojiyo¹ ojiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 怖じられる | おじられる | ojirareru | |
Causative | 怖じさせる 怖じさす |
おじさせる おじさす |
ojisaseru ojisasu | |
Potential | 怖じられる 怖じれる³ |
おじられる おじれる³ |
ojirareru ojireru³ | |
Volitional | 怖じよう | おじよう | ojiyō | |
Negative | 怖じない 怖じぬ 怖じん |
おじない おじぬ おじん |
ojinai ojinu ojin | |
Negative continuative | 怖じず | おじず | ojizu | |
Formal | 怖じます | おじます | ojimasu | |
Perfective | 怖じた | おじた | ojita | |
Conjunctive | 怖じて | おじて | ojite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 怖じれば | おじれば | ojireba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential |
Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 怖 read as お
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese terms historically spelled with ぢ
- Japanese intransitive verbs
- Japanese ichidan verbs
- Japanese kami ichidan verbs
- Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji