conjugation

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin coniugātiō (“combining, connecting; conjugation”), from coniugō (“join, unite together”). Equivalent to conjugate +‎ -ion.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˌkɒnd͡ʒəˈɡeɪʃən/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˌkɑnd͡ʒəˈɡeɪʃən/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -eɪʃən

Noun

conjugation (countable and uncountable, plural conjugations)

1. The coming together of things; union.
2. (biology) The temporary fusion of organisms, especially as part of sexual reproduction
3. Sexual relations within marriage
4. (grammar) In some languages, one of several classifications of verbs according to what inflections they take.
   • 1530 July 18, Iohan Palſgrave, “The Introduction”, in Leſclarciſſement de la langue francoyſe […] ‎^[1], London: Richard Pynſon, Iohan Haukyns, →OCLC, page 32; reprinted as Lesclarcissement de la langue françoyse, Genève: Slatkine Reprints, 1972:

     In ſo moche that if any verbe be of the thyꝛde coniugation / I ſet out all his rotes and tenſes […]

5. (grammar) The act or process of conjugating a verb.
6. (grammar) The product of that act: the conjugated forms of a verb, collected into a list or recitation.

   Meronym: principal parts

7. (grammar, sometimes proscribed) Inflection of nouns or other words besides verbs; declension.
   • 2005, Maya Arad, “The Noun-Verb Asymmetry in Hebrew: When Are Patterns Obligatory?”, in Roots and Patterns: Hebrew Morpho-syntax, →ISBN:

     Nouns ending in a vowel other than a, which do not conform to any phonological pattern of noun conjugation, do not decline.

   • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:conjugation.
8. (chemistry) A system of delocalized orbitals consisting of alternating single bonds and double bonds
9. (mathematics) A mapping sending x to gxg^-1, where g and x are elements of a group; inner automorphism
10. (mathematics) A function which negates the non-real part of a complex or hypercomplex number; complex conjugation

Hypernyms

• flexion, inflexion, accidence, flection, inflection

Coordinate terms

• declension, declination

Derived terms

• bioconjugation
• bioconjugation
• conjugational
• conjugational
• deconjugation
• deconjugation
• glucoconjugation
• glucoconjugation
• glucuronoconjugation
• glucuronoconjugation
• glycoconjugation
• glycoconjugation
• heteroconjugation
• heteroconjugation
• homoconjugation
• homoconjugation
• hyperconjugation
• hyperconjugation
• immunoconjugation
• immunoconjugation
• misconjugation
• misconjugation
• nanoconjugation
• nanoconjugation
• periphrastic conjugation
• photoconjugation
• photoconjugation
• reconjugation
• reconjugation
• sulfoconjugation
• sulfoconjugation
• transconjugation
• transconjugation

 

Related terms

• conjugate

Translations

coming together of things

• Bulgarian: съединя́ване (bg) n (sǎedinjávane), съедине́ние (bg) n (sǎedinénie)
• Dutch: conjugatie (nl) f
• Finnish: yhdistyminen (fi)
• Greek: σύζευξη (el) f (sýzefxi), συζυγία (el) f (syzygía)
• Icelandic: samkoma f
• Indonesian: konjugasi (id)
• Japanese: 結合 (ja) (けつごう, ketsugō), 接合 (ja) (せつごう, setsugō), 連結 (ja) (れんけつ, renketsu)
• Ligurian: coniogaçión
• Polish: połączenie (pl) n
• Portuguese: conjunção (pt) f, junção (pt) f, união (pt) f, conjugação (pt) f
• Russian: соедине́ние (ru) n (sojedinénije)
• Spanish: conjunción (es) f, conjunción (es) f
• Tagalog: pagsasama, pagkakaisa
• Thai: การผันคำกริยา

fusion of organisms

• Bulgarian: конюга́ция (bg) f (konjugácija)
• Czech: konjugace (cs) f
• Finnish: yhdyntä (fi), yhtyminen (fi)
• Greek: σύζευξη (el) f (sýzefxi), συζυγία (el) f (syzygía)
• Irish: comhchuingiú m
• Japanese: 接合 (ja) (せつごう, setsugō), 結合 (ja) (けつごう, ketsugō)
• Polish: koniugacja (pl) f
• Portuguese: união (pt)
• Russian: конъюга́ция (ru) f (konʺjugácija)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: конјуга́ција f

  Roman: konjugácija (sh) f

• Tagalog: pagkakaisa
• Turkish: konjugasyon (tr)

in some languages, one of several classifications of verbs

• Arabic: تَصْرِيف m (taṣrīf)
• Armenian: խոնարհում (hy) (xonarhum)
• Azerbaijani: təsrif
• Belarusian: спражэ́нне n (spražénnje)
• Breton: displegadur (br) m
• Bulgarian: спреже́ние (bg) n (sprežénie)
• Catalan: conjugació (ca) f
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 變位 / 变位 (zh) (biànwèi)

• Czech: časování (cs) n
• Danish: konjugation (da) c, bøjning (da) c
• Dutch: vervoeging (nl) f
• Estonian: pööramine, konjugatsioon
• Finnish: konjugaatio (fi)
• French: conjugaison (fr) f
• Galician: conxugación (gl) f
• Georgian: უღვლილება (uɣvlileba)
• German: Konjugation (de) f
• Greek: συζυγία (el) f (syzygía)

  Ancient: συζυγία f (suzugía)

• Hungarian: igeragozás (hu), igeragozási típus
• Icelandic: beyging (is) f
• Irish: réimniú m
• Italian: coniugazione (it) f
• Japanese: 活用 (ja) (かつよう, katsuyō)
• Kazakh: жіктелу (jıktelu), жіктеу (jıkteu)
• Korean: 활용(活用) (ko) (hwaryong)
• Kyrgyz: жакталыш (ky) (jaktalış)
• Latvian: konjugācija (lv) f
• Ligurian: coniogaçión
• Lithuanian: konjugacija f, asmenuotė (lt) f
• Low German:

  German Low German: Konjugatschoon f

• Macedonian: конјугација f (konjugacija)
• Malay: konjugasi, tasrif
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: үйл үгийн ялгал (üjl ügiin jalgal)

• Norman: conjudgaison f
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: bøyning m or f, bøying (no) m or f, konjugasjon m

  Nynorsk: bøying f, konjugasjon m

• Occitan: conjugason (oc) f
• Persian: تَصریف (fa) (tasrif)
• Polish: koniugacja (pl) f
• Portuguese: conjugação (pt) f
• Romanian: conjugare (ro) f
• Romansch: conjugaziun f
• Russian: спряже́ние (ru) n (sprjažénije)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: конјуга́ција f

  Roman: konjugácija (sh) f

• Slovak: časovanie n
• Slovene: konjugacija f
• Spanish: conjugación (es) f
• Swedish: konjugation (sv) c, böjning (sv) c
• Tagalog: sabanghay
• Tajik: тасрифкунӣ (tg) (tasrifkuni), тасриф (tg) (tasrif)
• Turkish: please add this translation if you can
• Ukrainian: дієвідмі́на f (dijevidmína)
• Uzbek: tuslanish (uz)
• Vietnamese: chia động từ
• Welsh: cyfunedd

act of conjugating a verb

• Albanian: zgjedhim (sq) m
• Arabic: اِقْتِرَان m (iqtirān), تَصْرِيف الْأَفْعَال m (taṣrīf al-ʔafʕāl) (inflection of verbs), تَصْرِيف m (taṣrīf)
• Aragonese: conchugación f
• Armenian: խոնարհում (hy) (xonarhum)
• Azerbaijani: təsrif
• Belarusian: спражэ́нне n (spražénnje)
• Bulgarian: спряга́не n (sprjagáne), спреже́ние (bg) n (sprežénie)
• Chechen: хийцар (xiı̇car)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 變位 / 变位 (zh) (biànwèi)

• Czech: časování (cs) n
• Danish: konjugation (da) c, verbbøjning c, bøjning (da) c
• Dutch: vervoeging (nl) f, conjugatie (nl) f
• Esperanto: konjugacio (eo)
• Estonian: konjugatsioon
• Faroese: bending (fo) f
• Finnish: taivuttaminen (fi), taivutus (fi)
• French: conjugaison (fr) f
• Georgian: უღვლილება (uɣvlileba), უღლება (uɣleba)
• German: Konjugation (de) f
• Greek: κλίση (el) f (klísi)
• Hebrew: הַטָּיָה (he) f (hatayá), נְטִיָּה (he) f (n'tiyá)
• Hungarian: igeragozás (hu)
• Icelandic: sagnbeyging (is) f, persónubeyging sagna f, beyging (is) f
• Indonesian: konjugasi (id), tasrif (id)
• Irish: réimniú
• Italian: coniugazione (it) f
• Japanese: 活用 (ja) (かつよう, katsuyō)
• Kazakh: жіктелу (jıktelu), жіктеу (jıkteu)
• Korean: 활용(活用) (ko) (hwaryong)
• Kyrgyz: жакталыш (ky) (jaktalış)
• Latin: coniugātiō (la) f
• Latvian: konjugācija (lv) f
• Lithuanian: konjugacija f
• Low German:

  German Low German: Konjugatschoon f

• Macedonian: конјугација f (konjugacija)
• Norman: conjudgaison f
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: bøyning m or f, bøying (no) m or f

  Nynorsk: bøying f

• Persian: تَصریف (fa) (tasrif), صَرف (fa) (sarf)
• Polish: koniugacja (pl) f
• Portuguese: conjugação (pt) f
• Romanian: conjugare (ro) f
• Russian: спряже́ние (ru) n (sprjažénije)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: конјуга́ција f, спре́за̄ње n

  Roman: konjugácija (sh) f, sprézānje (sh) n

• Slovak: časovanie n
• Slovene: konjugacija f
• Spanish: conjugación (es) f
• Swedish: konjugation (sv) c, böjning (sv) c, konjugering c
• Tagalog: pagbabanghay
• Tajik: тасрифкунӣ (tg) (tasrifkuni), тасриф (tg) (tasrif)
• Turkish: çekim (tr)
• Ukrainian: дієвідмі́на f (dijevidmína)
• Uzbek: tuslanish (uz)
• Vietnamese: chia động từ
• Welsh: rhediad (cy) m
• Yiddish: קאָניוגאַציע f (konyugatsye)

conjugated forms of a verb

• Danish: verbbøjning c, konjugation (da) c
• Finnish: taivutuskaava (fi), taivutus (fi)
• French: conjugaison (fr) f
• Norman: conjudgaison f
• Portuguese: conjugação (pt) f, forma verbal f
• Spanish: conjugación (es) f

See also

• flection, flexion, inflection, inflexion