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虛

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 虚, 虗, and 虎
虛 U+865B, 虛
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-865B
← 虚
[U+865A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 虜 →
[U+865C]

Translingual

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Japanese 虚
Simplified 虚
Traditional 虛

Han character

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虛 (Kangxi radical 141, 虍+6, 12 strokes, cangjie input 卜心廿一 (YPTM), four-corner 21212, composition ⿸虍⿱丱一)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1074, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32709
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1541, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2825, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+865B

Chinese

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trad. 虛
simp. 虚
alternative forms 虗

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 虛
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (虍) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
唬 *qʰraːs, *kʷraːɡ
戲 *qʰral, *qʰrals, *qʰaː
巇 *qʰra
隵 *qʰra
嚱 *qʰras
盧 *b·raː
鑪 *raː
壚 *raː
籚 *raː
蘆 *raː, *ra
顱 *b·raː
髗 *b·raː
鱸 *raː
攎 *raː
櫨 *raː
轤 *raː
黸 *raː
獹 *raː
鸕 *raː
艫 *raː
纑 *raː
瀘 *raː
瓐 *raː
爐 *raː
嚧 *raː
矑 *b·raː
罏 *raː
蠦 *raː
虜 *raːʔ
擄 *raːʔ
艣 *raːʔ
鐪 *raːʔ
虖 *qʰaː, *qʰʷa, *qʰaː, *qʰʷa
虍 *qʰaː
雐 *qʰʷlaː
虎 *qʰlaːʔ
琥 *qʰlaːʔ
萀 *qʰlaːʔ
臚 *b·ra
廬 *ra
驢 *b·ra
藘 *ra
爈 *ra, *ras
櫖 *ra, *ras
儢 *raʔ
慮 *ras
勴 *ras
鑢 *ras
濾 *ras
攄 *r̥ʰa
處 *kʰljaʔ, *kʰljas
豦 *kas, *ɡa
據 *kas
鐻 *kas, *ɡa, *ɡaʔ
澽 *kas, *ɡas
虛 *kʰa, *qʰa
墟 *kʰa
懅 *ɡa
蘧 *ɡa, *ɡʷa
籧 *ɡa
醵 *ɡa, *ɡas, *ɡaɡ
璩 *ɡa
虡 *ɡaʔ
遽 *ɡas
勮 *ɡas
噓 *qʰa, *qʰas
驉 *qʰa
歔 *qʰa
魖 *qʰa
膚 *pla
虧 *kʰʷral
噱 *ɡaɡ
臄 *ɡaɡ
劇 *ɡaɡ
諕 *qʰʷraːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kʰa, *qʰa) : phonetic 虍 (OC *qʰaː) + semantic 丘 (“hill”). The lower component retains the shape of 丠, the ancient form of 丘.

Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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Note:
  • Taiwan:
    • hi - vernacular;
    • hu - literary.
Note:
  • 1he - vernacular;
  • 1xy - literary.
    Rime
    Character 虛 虛
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Initial (聲) 曉 (32) 溪 (29)
    Final (韻) 魚 (22) 魚 (22)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open Open
    Division (等) III III
    Fanqie 朽居切 去魚切
    Baxter xjo khjo
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/hɨʌ/ /kʰɨʌ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/hiɔ/ /kʰiɔ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/xiɔ/ /kʰiɔ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/hɨə̆/ /kʰɨə̆/
    Li
    Rong         		/xiɔ/ /kʰiɔ/
    Wang
    Li         		/xĭo/ /kʰĭo/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/xi̯wo/ /kʰi̯wo/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		xū qū
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		heoi1 heoi1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 虛 虛
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		xū xū
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ khjo › ‹ xjo ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*C.qʰ(r)a/ /*qʰ(r)a/
    English hill, mound; abandoned city empty

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 虛 虛
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    No. 5254 5269
    Phonetic
    component         		虍 虍
    Rime
    group         		魚 魚
    Rime
    subdivision         		0 0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		虚 虚
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kʰa/ /*qʰa/

    Definitions

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    虛

    1. empty; hollow
    2. false; worthless; vain
    3. (astronomy) Emptiness, a Chinese constellation near Aquarius and Equuleus

    Compounds

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    Etymology 2

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    For pronunciation and definitions of 虛 – see 譃 (“to lie”).
    (This character is a variant form of 譃).

    References

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    • “虛”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
    • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “虚”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 267.

    Japanese

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    Shinjitai

    		虚

    Kyūjitai

    		虛

    Kanji

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    虛

    (Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 虚)

    1. emptiness, void
    2. falsehood, lie

    Readings

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    • Go-on: こ (ko)
    • Kan-on: きょ (kyo)
    • Kun: むなしい (munashii, 虛しい)、うつろ (utsuro, 虛ろ)

    Korean

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    Hanja

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    虛 • (heo) (hangeul 허, revised heo, McCune–Reischauer hŏ, Yale he)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    虛: Hán Nôm readings: hư

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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