丘

See also: 丠, 坵, and 兵

丘 U+4E18, 丘 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E18 ← 丗 [U+4E17] CJK Unified Ideographs 丙 → [U+4E19]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

丘 (Kangxi radical 1, 一+4, 5 strokes, cangjie input 人一 (OM), four-corner 7210₁, composition ⿱斤一)

1. Shuowen Jiezi radical №293

Derived characters

• 𠰋, 坵, 㚱, 岴, 拞, 㳋, 𬮾, 𪯫, 𪲀, 𣧭, 𥙂, 𪽽, 𥅔, 䂡, 𥿤, 𮎈, 蚯, 𡲌, 𧣜, 𧦺, 𧲰, 𧻁, 䟬, 𨈬, 𫒒, 𬰘, 𩚨, 駈, 𩨼, 𪖛
• 𪟘, 邱, 𣢥, 屔, 𫠴, 𮨆, 𣉠, 𫘶, 𩿨, 𠇯, 𡘄, 𡶦, 𢇹, 茊, 𤵢, 𠤢, 𡙅, 𥬨, 𧟬, 虗, 𩬡, 𦦛, 乒, 乓, 兵, 𠔊, 𡊣, 岳, 𠬿, 𨚬

Further reading

Wikisource

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 77, character 14
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 33
• Dae Jaweon: page 156, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 17, character 1
• Unihan data for U+4E18

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 丘
Shang	Spring and Autumn	Warring States			Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)		Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Ancient script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts
Oracle bone script j19598 j19599 j19600 j19601 j19602 j19603 j19604 j19605 j19606 j19607 j19608 j19609 j19610 j19611 j19612 j19613 j19614 j19615 j19616 j19618 j19619 j19620 j19621 j19622 j19623 Bronze inscriptions b12629 b12630 b12631 b12632 b12633 Small seal script s05951 s05952 Transcribed ancient scripts L11667 L11668 L11669 L11670 L11671 L11672 L11673 L11674 L11675 L11676 L11677 L11678 L11679 L11680 L11665 L11666
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (丘) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
丘	*kʰʷɯ
邱	*kʰʷɯ
蚯	*kʰʷɯ
丠	*kʰʷɯ

Ideogram (指事) – hill. Earlier form closer to 丠, as in 虛 (OC *kʰa, *qʰa). Compare 山. Unrelated to 兵 and 斤.

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		丘
alternative forms		丠 㐀 𡊣 㘳 坵 丠 㐀 𡊣 㘳 坵 𠀈 𠀉 𠀌

Wang (1982) relates this word to 墟 (xū) "ruin-mound". However, Schuessler (2007) disagrees.

Schuessler considers two homophones 丘, "hill, mound" and 丘 "village, district" to be the same word as settlements were often built on elevated grounds (for a parallel see 京 (jīng)) and traces this word's etymology to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r/g-wa (“village”); within Sinitic, 丘 (OC *kʰʷɯ) is cognate with 里 (OC *rɯʔ) "village" and 街 (OC *kreː, *kreː) "road crossing, street"; outsides Sinitic, cognate with Mizo khua (“village”), Lai khûa (“village, cosmos”), and Burmese ရွာ (rwa, “village”) (STEDT).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qiū (qiu¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄡ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jau¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): hiu¹

• Gan (Wiktionary): qiu¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): hiû

  (Hailu, HRS): hiu^ˋ

  (Meixian, Guangdong): hiu¹

• Northern Min (KCR): kiú
• Eastern Min (BUC): kŭ / kiŭ
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): khu / khiu

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ku¹ / kiu¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹chieu

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qiū
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄡ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ciou
    • Wade–Giles: chʻiu¹
    • Yale: chyōu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiou
    • Palladius: цю (cju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jau¹
    • Yale: yāu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jau¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: yeo¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐu̯⁵⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: hiu¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiu³³/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: qiu¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰiu⁴²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hiû
    • Hakka Romanization System: hiu^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: hiu¹
    • Sinological IPA: /hi̯u²⁴/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: hiu^ˋ
    • Sinological IPA: /hiu⁵³/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: hiu¹
    • Sinological IPA: /hiu⁴⁴/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kiú
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰiu⁵⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: kŭ / kiŭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu⁵⁵/, /kʰieu⁵⁵/

Note:

• kŭ - vernacular;
• kiŭ - literary (incl. surname).

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khu / khiu
    • Tâi-lô: khu / khiu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qw, qiw
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰu⁴⁴/, /kʰiu⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰu³³/, /kʰiu³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰu⁴⁴/, /kʰiu⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰu⁴⁴/, /kʰiu⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰu⁴⁴/, /kʰiu⁴⁴/

Note:

• khu - vernacular (incl. surname);
• khiu - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: ku¹ / kiu¹
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khu / khiu
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu³³/, /kʰiu³³/

Note:

• ku1 - vernacular (incl. surname);
• kiu1 - literary.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹chieu
    • MiniDict: chieu^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹qieu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕʰiɤ⁵³/

---

• Middle Chinese: khjuw

Rime
Character	丘
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	去鳩切
Baxter	khjuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰiu/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰiəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰuw/
Li Rong	/kʰiu/
Wang Li	/kʰĭəu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰi̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qiū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hau1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʷʰə/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰʷɯ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	丘
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qiū
Middle Chinese	‹ khjuw ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ʷʰə/
English	hill, mound
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	丘
Reading #	1/1
No.	10523
Phonetic component	丘
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	丘
Old Chinese	/*kʰʷɯ/

Definitions

丘

1. mound; hill

   山丘  ―  shānqiū  ―  hill

   沙丘  ―  shāqiū  ―  dune

2. grave
3. to place a coffin in a temporary shelter pending burial
4. (dialectal) Classifier for fields: plot
5. (obsolete) ruins
6. (obsolete) empty
7. a surname

   丘成桐 [Cantonese]  ―  jau¹ sing⁴ tung⁴ [Jyutping]  ―  Shing-Tung Yau (mathematician)

Usage notes

See 邱 (qiū).

See also

• (hills): 山 (shān)

Compounds

• 一丘一壑
• 一丘之貉 (yīqiūzhīhé)
• 下視丘 / 下视丘 (xiàshìqiū)
• 丘中有麻
• 丘井
• 丘八 (qiūbā)
• 丘園 / 丘园
• 丘堡 (qiūbǎo)
• 丘墓
• 丘墳 / 丘坟
• 丘墟 (qiūxū)
• 丘壑 (qiūhè)
• 丘壟 / 丘垄
• 丘嫂
• 丘山
• 丘木
• 丘林 (Qiūlín)
• 丘疹 (qiūzhěn)
• 丘腦 / 丘脑 (qiūnǎo)
• 丘陵 (qiūlíng)
• 丘隴 / 丘陇
• 丹丘
• 九丘
• 五比丘
• 介丘
• 八索九丘
• 員丘山 / 员丘山
• 商丘 (Shāngqiū)
• 圓丘 / 圆丘
• 圜丘
• 土丘 (tǔqiū)
• 太丘道廣 / 太丘道广
• 如丘而止
• 宛丘
• 宗廟丘墟 / 宗庙丘墟
• 寢丘之志 / 寝丘之志
• 山丘 (shānqiū)
• 島狀丘陵 / 岛状丘陵
• 左丘 (Zuǒqiū)
• 巴丘
• 恥丘 / 耻丘
• 恩重丘山
• 放情丘壑
• 旄丘
• 曹丘
• 松丘
• 梧丘之魂
• 比丘 (bǐqiū)
• 比丘尼 (bǐqiūní)
• 沙丘 (shāqiū)
• 泌丘
• 溪丘灣 / 溪丘湾 (Xīqiūwān)
• 炎丘
• 狐丘之誡 / 狐丘之诫
• 狐死首丘
• 畝丘 / 亩丘
• 皖南丘陵
• 皮諾丘 / 皮诺丘
• 砂丘
• 視丘 / 视丘
• 穹丘 (qióngqiū)
• 糟丘
• 胸有丘壑
• 膠東丘陵 / 胶东丘陵
• 華屋丘墟 / 华屋丘墟
• 華屋山丘 / 华屋山丘
• 虎丘
• 融丘
• 資丘 / 资丘 (Zīqiū)
• 赫丘利斯
• 陵丘
• 零落山丘
• 青丘 (Qīngqiū)
• 首丘
• 首丘之念
• 首丘之思
• 首丘之情
• 首丘之望
• 首丘夙願 / 首丘夙愿
• 麥丘老人 / 麦丘老人
• 黎丘丈人
• 鼻丘

 

Pronunciation 2

Since Song dynasty, this character may be read as 某 (mǒu) to prevent mentioning name of Confucius.

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): mǒu (mou³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄡˇ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mǒu
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄡˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mǒu
    • Wade–Giles: mou³
    • Yale: mǒu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: moou
    • Palladius: моу (mou)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /moʊ̯²¹⁴/

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 丘 – see 兵 (“weapon; army; troops; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 兵).

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 丘 – see 蚯 (“earthworm”). (This character is the second-round simplified form of 蚯).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Japanese

Kanji

丘

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: く (ku)
• Kan-on: きゅう (kyū, Jōyō)^{←きう (kiu, historical)}
• Kun: おか (oka, 丘, Jōyō)

Compounds

• 丘(きゅう)上(じょう) (kyūjō)
• 丘(きゅう)疹(しん) (kyūshin)
• 丘(おか)辺(べ) (okabe)
• 丘(きゅう)陵(りょう) (kyūryō)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
丘
おか Grade: S
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 丘 – see the following entry.

【おか】 [noun] hill [proper noun] a surname Alternative spelling 岡

(This term, 丘, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Alternative forms

• 㐀

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 丘 (MC khjuw). Recorded as Middle Korean 구 (kwu) (Yale: kwu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource

丘 (eumhun 언덕 구 (eondeok gu))

1. hanja form^? of 구 (“small hill”)

Compounds

Compounds

• 구강 (丘岡, gugang)
• 구롱 (丘壟, gurong)
• 구릉 (丘陵, gureung)
• 구목 (丘木, gumok)
• 구묘 (丘墓, gumyo)
• 구민 (丘民, gumin)
• 구부 (丘阜, gubu)
• 구분 (丘墳, gubun)
• 구사 (丘史, gusa)
• 구산 (丘山, gusan)
• 구수 (丘嫂, gusu)
• 구수 (丘首, gusu)
• 구언 (丘言, gueon)
• 구우 (丘隅, guu)
• 구원 (丘園, guwon)
• 구정 (丘亭, gujeong)
• 구진 (丘疹, gujin)
• 구질 (丘垤, gujil)
• 구총 (丘冢, guchong)
• 구판 (丘坂, gupan)
• 구학 (丘壑, guhak)
• 구허 (丘墟, guheo)
• 고구 (古丘, gogu)
• 고구 (故丘, gogu)
• 고구 (高丘, gogu)
• 공구 (孔丘, Gonggu)
• 능구 (陵丘, neunggu)
• 단구 (丹丘, dan'gu)
• 비구 (比丘, bigu)
• 사구 (沙丘, sagu)
• 상구 (上丘, sanggu)
• 소구 (小丘, sogu)
• 아구 (阿丘, agu)
• 연구/련구 (連丘, yeon'gu/ryeon'gu)
• 원구 (圜丘/圓丘, won'gu)
• 이구/니구 (泥丘, igu/nigu)
• 잔구 (殘丘, jan'gu)
• 잠구 (潛丘, jamgu)
• 청구 (靑丘, cheonggu)
• 치구 (恥丘, chigu)
• 파구 (波丘, pagu)
• 하구 (下丘, hagu)
• 해구 (海丘, haegu)
• 화구 (火丘, hwagu)
• 비구니 (比丘尼, biguni)
• 수정구 (受精丘, sujeonggu)
• 구리지언 (丘里之言, gurijieon)
• 일구지학 (一丘之貉, ilgujihak)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Kunigami

Kanji

丘

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

• Kun: ふぁーい (fāi, 丘)

Etymology

Cognate with Japanese 丘(おか) (oka).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɸaːi/

Noun

丘(ふぁーい) (fāi) 

1. hill

Vietnamese

Han character

丘: Hán Việt readings: khiêu, khâu, khưu
丘: Nôm readings: khâu, kheo, khưu

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation