某
See also: 柑
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]某 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 廿一木 (TMD), four-corner 44904, composition ⿱甘木)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 519, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14618
- Dae Jaweon: page 906, character 20
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1177, character 4
- Unihan data for U+67D0
Chinese
[edit]Glyph origin
[edit]| Historical forms of the character 某 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
|
|
|
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 木 (“tree”) + 甘 (“sweet”); original form of 梅 (OC *mɯː) – Chinese plum. Similar to 果 and 栗. Similar but unrelated to 柑.
Etymology 1
[edit]| trad. | 某 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 某 | |
| alternative forms | 𣐥 厶 (in 仏) | |
Possibly Austroasiatic; compare Mon မူ (“what; anything”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): mong3
- Cantonese (Jyutping): mau5
- Gan (Wiktionary): meu3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): mu1
- Northern Min (KCR): mě
- Eastern Min (BUC): mū
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): bou3
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6meu
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): mou3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄡˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: mǒu
- Wade–Giles: mou3
- Yale: mǒu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: moou
- Palladius: моу (mou)
- Sinological IPA (key): /moʊ̯²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: mong3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: mung
- Sinological IPA (key): /moŋ⁵³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: mau5
- Yale: máuh
- Cantonese Pinyin: mau5
- Guangdong Romanization: meo5
- Sinological IPA (key): /mɐu̯¹³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: meu3
- Sinological IPA (key): /mɛu²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mêu
- Hakka Romanization System: meuˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: meu1
- Sinological IPA: /meu̯²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: meuˋ
- Sinological IPA: /meu⁵³/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: mu1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /mu¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mě
- Sinological IPA (key): /me²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: mū
- Sinological IPA (key): /mu³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: bou3
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: bô
- Sinological IPA (key): /pɔu⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: bou3
- Sinological IPA (key): /pɔu³³²/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: mou3
- Sinological IPA (key): /məu̯⁴¹/
- (Changsha)
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: muwX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*məʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*mɯʔ/
Definitions
[edit]某
- unspecified or not explicitly named (amount, person, or thing); some; a certain; so-and-so
- (humble, by itself) I
- 大和五年十月中，半夜時，舍外有疾呼傳緘書者。某曰：「必有異。」亟取火來。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
- From: c. 831, Du Mu, 《〈李賀集〉序》, translation based on the work by John Frodsham, 1970.
- Dàhé wǔnián shíyuè zhōng, bànyè shí, shèwài yǒu jí hū chuán jiānshū zhě. Mǒu yuē: “Bì yǒuyì.” Jí qǔ huǒ lái. [Pinyin]
- In the tenth month of the fifth year of the T‘ai-ho era [i.e. 831 CE] there came a sudden shout outside my house at midnight from someone bearing me a letter. ‘This must be something out of the ordinary’, I exclaimed, as I hurriedly took a torch and went outside.
大和五年十月中，半夜时，舍外有疾呼传缄书者。某曰：「必有异。」亟取火来。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]- 如君實責我在位久，未能助上大有為，以膏澤斯民，則某知罪矣。如曰今日當一切不事事，守前所為而已，則非某之所敢知。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
- From: 1070, Wang Anshi（王安石）, Reply to Sima Guang（答司馬諫議書）, translation based on the work by John Jamieson, 1994.
- Rú Jūnshí zé wǒ zàiwèi jiǔ, wèinéng zhù shàng dà yǒuwéi, yǐ gàozé sīmín, zé mǒu zhī zuì yǐ. Rú yuē jīnrì dāng yīqiè bù shìshì, shǒu qián suǒwéi éryǐ, zé fēi mǒu zhī suǒ gǎn zhī. [Pinyin]
- If you charge me for having served in my position for so long without assisting His Imperial Majesty toward greater accomplishments to benefit our people, then I plead guilty. If you are saying that in this present climate I should do nothing, nothing but adhere to past practices, then that is something I cannot accept.
如君实责我在位久，未能助上大有为，以膏泽斯民，则某知罪矣。如曰今日当一切不事事，守前所为而已，则非某之所敢知。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]- 孔明曰：「將軍既要為先鋒，須得一人同去。」言未盡，一人應曰：「某雖不才，願助老將軍先引一軍前去破敵。」孔明視之，乃鄧芝也。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
- From: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, circa 14th century CE
- Kǒngmíng yuē: “Jiāngjūn jì yào wèi xiānfēng, xū dé yīrén tóngqù.” Yán wèi jìn, yīrén yìng yuē: “Mǒu suī bùcái, yuàn zhù lǎo jiāngjūn xiānyǐn yījūn qiánqù pòdí.” Kǒngmíng shì zhī, nǎi Dèng Zhī yě. [Pinyin]
- Kongming said: "General (Zhao Yun), as ye want to act as vanguard, ye must have someone to go besides you." Before he finished talking, someone responded: "Talentless as I am, still I'm willing to help the elderly general lead an army forwards to smash the enemies." Kongming saw that it was Deng Zhi.
孔明曰：「将军既要为先锋，须得一人同去。」言未尽，一人应曰：「某虽不才，愿助老将军先引一军前去破敌。」孔明视之，乃邓芝也。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
- Used in place of a person's given name, for anonymity purposes.
- Used in place of someone else's given name, to show dissatisfaction.
- 夫為弟子後生，其師，必修其言，法其行，力不足、知弗及而後已。今孔某之行如此，儒士則可以疑矣。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Mozi, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on Y. P. Mei's version
- Fū wéi dìzǐ hòushēng, qí shī, bì xiū qí yán, fǎ qí xíng, lì bùzú, zhì fú jí ér hòu yǐ. Jīn Kǒng mǒu zhī xíng rúcǐ, rúshì zé kěyǐ yí yǐ. [Pinyin]
- Of course the disciples and pupils, following a teacher, will advocate his doctrines and imitate his conduct. Only, they are not as powerful and not as clever. Now, since such was the conduct of Kong Such-and-Such (Confucius), the Ruist (Confucian) scholars are naturally to be objects of suspicion.
夫为弟子后生，其师，必修其言，法其行，力不足、知弗及而后已。今孔某之行如此，儒士则可以疑矣。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- Used in place of one's own given name, to refer to oneself with an intensified emotion.
- Late 18th – 19th century, chapter 144, in 施公案:
- 賢臣腹內說：「好一起剁鮓的囚徒，本院今日到被這起狗奴威嚇起來了。正是：龍離滄海遭蝦戲，虎落平陽被犬欺。我施某就拚了一死，萬不可說出真姓名來。」 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
- Xiánchén fù nèi shuō: “Hǎo yī qǐ duòzhǎ de qiútú, běn yuàn jīnrì dào bèi zhè qǐ gǒu nú wēihè qǐlái le. Zhèng shì: lóng lí cānghǎi zāo xiā xì, hǔ luò píngyáng bèi quǎn qī. Wǒ Shī mǒu jiù pīn le yī sǐ, wàn bù kě shuō chū zhēn xìngmíng lái.” [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
贤臣腹内说：「好一起剁鲊的囚徒，本院今日到被这起狗奴威吓起来了。正是：龙离沧海遭虾戏，虎落平阳被犬欺。我施某就拚了一死，万不可说出真姓名来。」 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]| trad. | 某 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 某 | |
| alternative forms | 姥 媒 厶 妻 | |
Tu (2018) suggests it is from 姥 (MC muX), which was ultimately derived from 母 (OC *mɯʔ, “mother”). The usage of 姥 (“old woman”) to refer to "wife" parallels that of 翁 (“old man”) to refer to "husband" in Min Nan.
Cognate with Teochew 𡚸 (bhou2), Eastern Min 𡚸 (muō).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): bou3
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bó͘
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: bou3
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: bô
- Sinological IPA (key): /pɔu⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: bou3
- Sinological IPA (key): /pɔu³³²/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
Definitions
[edit]某
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]| For pronunciation and definitions of 某 – see 梅. (This character is a variant form of 梅). |
References
[edit]- “某”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “某”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 58.
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]某
- a certain person; a certain object
Readings
[edit]From Middle Chinese 某 (MC muwX); compare Mandarin 某 (mǒu):
From Middle Chinese 梅 (MC mwoj); compare Mandarin 梅 (méi):
From native Japanese roots:
Etymology 1
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 某 |
| ぼう Grade: S |
| kan'on |
From Middle Chinese 某 (MC muwX).
Prefix
[edit]- certain (denoting that the speaker is referring to a specific person or thing that they do not want to name directly, implying that the listener should infer the identity of the referent)
- 某大学
- bō-daigaku
- a certain university
- 某大学
Noun
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 某 |
| それがし Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
Pronoun
[edit]- (obsolete) someone; somebody; a certain person
- (obsolete, used by samurai) I; me
- 1632, Diego Collado, Niffon no Cotõbani Yô Confesion, page 4:
- R. Sorẽgaxĩga cotòxi Deus no vòn jifino vie iòri Chriſtian ni nàri maràxitẽ gozàru iùie, ni, mãda confeſion vo mõsaĩdẽ gozàru.
R. Ego ex Dei miſericordia hoc anno Chriſtianus factus, nunquam confeſſionem Sacramentalem feci: vnde hæc, quam modo incipio, erit prima.
(Having become Christian out of the mercy of God this year, I have never made sacramental confession; whence, as I am just beginning, it will be the first.)- R. Sorẽgaxĩga cotòxi Deus no vòn jifino vie iòri Chriſtian ni nàri maràxitẽ gozàru iùie, ni, mãda confeſion vo mõsaĩdẽ gozàru.
R. Ego ex Dei miſericordia hoc anno Chriſtianus factus, nunquam confeſſionem Sacramentalem feci: vnde hæc, quam modo incipio, erit prima.
(Having become Christian out of the mercy of God this year, I have never made sacramental confession; whence, as I am just beginning, it will be the first.) - (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- R. Sorẽgaxĩga cotòxi Deus no vòn jifino vie iòri Chriſtian ni nàri maràxitẽ gozàru iùie, ni, mãda confeſion vo mõsaĩdẽ gozàru.
Etymology 3
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 某 |
| なにがし Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 某 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 某, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]某 (eumhun 매화나무 매 (maehwanamu mae))
- hanja form? of 매 (“Prunus mume tree”)
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]某: Hán Việt readings: mỗ[1][2][3]
某: Nôm readings: mỗ[1][2], mới[1][3], mấy[1][3], mõ[1], mọ[1], mỏ[1], mổ[1], múa[1], mỏi[1], màu[1], mó[2], mồi[3], với[3]
Noun
[edit]某
- chữ Hán form of mỗ (“such-and-such (placeholder)”).
Pronoun
[edit]某
References
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