一人
Appearance
Chinese
[edit]one; single; a one; single; a; (before verbs) as soon as, once; (before a noun) entire (family, etc.) |
man; person; people | ||
---|---|---|---|
simp. and trad. (一人) |
一 | 人 |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): jat1 jan4
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chi̍t-lâng
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧ ㄖㄣˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yirén
- Wade–Giles: i1-jên2
- Yale: yī-rén
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iren
- Palladius: ижэнь (ižɛnʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /i⁵⁵⁻⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: jat1 jan4
- Yale: yāt yàhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: jat7 jan4
- Guangdong Romanization: yed1 yen4
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɐt̚⁵ jɐn²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chi̍t-lâng
- Tâi-lô: tsi̍t-lâng
- Phofsit Daibuun: cidlaang
- IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sit̚⁴⁻³² laŋ²⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sit̚²⁴⁻² laŋ²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sit̚¹²¹⁻²¹ laŋ¹³/
- IPA (Taipei): /t͡sit̚⁴⁻³² laŋ²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sit̚⁴⁻³² laŋ²³/
- (Hokkien)
Noun
[edit]一人
- a person; one person; someone
- (historical) emperor
Adverb
[edit]一人
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
一 | 人 |
ひと Grade: 1 |
り Grade: 1 |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spellings |
---|
独り 1人 |
From Old Japanese.
Derived from 一 (hito, “one, 1”) + 人 (-ri, counter for persons).
Compare Old Japanese 一人 (pi1dari → hidari).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- one person
- singleness, singularity
- Synonym: 単独 (tandoku)
- one's own efforts or strengths
- an unmarried person, single
- Synonym: 独身 (dokushin)
Usage notes
[edit]- Like 二人 (futari), despite its etymology, furigana notations for this word tend not to use mono-ruby by attaching kana to each kanji (一人), but group-ruby by attaching all the kana to all the kanji as a whole (一人).
Derived terms
[edit]Derived terms
- 一人一人 (hitori-hitori), 一人一人 (hitoribitori)
- 一人として (hitori to shite)
- 一人ならず (hitori narazu)
- 一人も (hitori mo)
- 一人頭 (hitoriatama)
- 一人歩き (hitoriaruki)
- 一人親 (hitori oya)
- 一人親方 (hitori oyakata)
- 一人勝ち (hitorigachi)
- ひとカラ, ヒトカラ (hitokara)
- 一人狂言 (hitori-kyōgen)
- 一人口 (hitoriguchi)
- 一人暮し, 一人暮らし (hitori-gurashi)
- 一人っ子 (hitorikko)
- 一人言 (hitorigoto)
- 一人御飯 (hitori gohan)
- 一人時間差攻撃 (hitori jikan-sa kōgeki), 一人時間差 (hitori jikan-sa)
- 一人静 (hitorishizuka)
- 一人芝居 (hitori-shibai)
- 一人占め (hitorijime)
- 一人過ぎ (hitorisugi)
- 一人相撲 (hitorizumō)
- 一人旅 (hitoritabi)
- 一人天下 (hitori tenka), 一人天下 (hitori-denka)
- 一人食み (hitoribami)
- 一人負け (hitorimake)
- 一人腹 (hitoribara)
- 一人前 (hitorimae)
- 一人武者 (hitorimusha)
- 一人息子 (hitori musuko)
- 一人娘 (hitori musume)
- 一人八百長 (hitori yaochō)
- 御一人様 (o-hitori-sama)
- 最初の一人 (Saisho no Hitori)
- 誰一人 (dare hitori), 誰一人 (tare hitori)
- 人っ子一人 (hitokko hitori)
Idioms
[edit]- 小姑一人は鬼千匹にむかう (kojūto hitori wa oni senbiki ni mukau)
- 鯛も一人はうまからず (tai mo hitori wa umakarazu)
- 斗南の一人 (tonan no hitori)
Proverbs
[edit]- 娘一人に婿八人 (musume hitori ni muko hachinin)
See also
[edit]Japanese number-counter combinations for 人 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
一人 (hitori) 一人 (ichinin) |
二人 (futari) 二人 (ninin) |
三人 (sannin) 三人 (mitari) |
四人 (yonin) 四人 (yotari) 四人 (yottari) |
五人 (gonin) 五人 (itsutari) |
6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
六人 (rokunin) 六人 (mutari) 六人 (muyutari) |
七人 (shichinin) 七人 (nananin) 七人 (nanatari) |
八人 (hachinin) 八人 (yatari) |
九人 (kunin) 九人 (kyūnin) 九人 (kokonotari) |
十人 (jūnin) 十人 (totari) |
20 | 100 | 1,000 | 10,000 | How many? |
二十人 (nijūnin) 廿人 (nijūnin) 二十人 (hatatari) 廿人 (hatatari) |
百人 (hyakunin) 百人 (momotari) |
千人 (sennin) 千人 (chitari) |
一万人 (ichimannin) 万人 (mannin) 万人 (bannin) |
何人 (nannin) 幾人 (ikunin) 幾人 (ikutari) |
Adverb
[edit]Proper noun
[edit]- a female given name
Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
一 | 人 |
いち Grade: 1 |
にん Grade: 1 |
goon |
Alternative spelling |
---|
1人 |
From Middle Chinese 一人 (MC 'jit nyin).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- one person
- the first or top person in a particular place or field
- Synonym of 右大臣 (udaijin): a minister of the right in the imperial Council of State
Derived terms
[edit]Derived terms
Idioms
[edit]- 一人虚を伝うれば万人実を伝う (ichinin kyo o tsutaureba bannin jitsu o tsutau)
- 責め一人に帰す (seme ichinin ni kisu)
- 斗南の一人 (tonan no ichinin)
Proverbs
[edit]Proverbs
- 剣は一人の敵学ぶに足らず (ken wa ichinin no teki manabu ni tarazu)
- 天下は一人の天下にあらず乃ち天下の天下なり (tenka wa ichinin no tenka ni arazu sunawachi tenka no tenka nari)
- 万人心を異にすれば則ち一人の用無し (banjin kokoro o koto ni sureba sunawachi ichinin no yō nashi)
- 両心は以て一人を得べからず一心は以て百人を得べし (ryōshin wa motte ichinin o ubekarazu isshin wa motte hyakunin o ubeshi)
See also
[edit]See also
Etymology 3
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
一 | 人 |
いち Grade: 1 |
じん Grade: 1 |
goon | kan'on |
Compound of Middle Chinese elements 一 (ichi, “one, 1”, goon reading) + 人 (jin, “person”, kan'on reading).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- 上一人 (kami ichijin)
Etymology 4
[edit]Various nanori readings.
Proper noun
[edit]一人 or 一人 or 一人 or 一人 • (Kazuto or Kazuhito or Kazundo or Kunihito)
- a male given name
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Hanja in this term | |
---|---|
一 | 人 |
Noun
[edit]Old Japanese
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From 一 (pi1to2, “one, 1”) + 人 (-ri, counter for persons).
Noun
[edit]一人 (pi1to2ri) (kana ひとり)
Derived terms
[edit]- 一人子 (pi1to2rigo1)
Descendants
[edit]See also
[edit]- 樫の實の (kasi no2 mi2 no2), pillow word that can allude to pi1to2ri
Etymology 2
[edit]Two possible derivations:
- From 一 (pi1-, short form of pi1to2, “one, 1”) + 人 (-tari, counter for persons). However, pi1- was never attested as a short form of pi1to2 until the Middle Japanese stage.
- Alternatively, a shift from 一 (pi1to2, “one, 1”) + 人 (-tari, counter for persons):
- ⟨pi1to2 tari⟩ → */pʲit̚tari/ → ⟨pi1dari⟩
Given the shift of -ta to -da due to rendaku (連濁), the second derivation seems likely.
Noun
[edit]一人 (pi1dari) (kana ひだり)
- (rare, possibly regional, Eastern Old Japanese) one person
- 720, Nihon Shoki, poem 11:
References
[edit]- ^ Paula Doe, Yakamochi Ōtomo (1982) A Warbler's Song in the Dusk: The Life and Work of Ōtomo Yakamochi (718-785), illustrated edition, University of California Press, →ISBN, page 31
- ^ Jin'ichi Konishi (2017) Nicholas Teele, transl., Earl Roy Miner, editor, A History of Japanese Literature, Volume 1: The Archaic and Ancient Ages (Princeton Legacy Library), Princeton University Press, →ISBN, page 145
Categories:
- Mandarin words containing 一 undergoing tone sandhi to the fourth tone
- Chinese lemmas
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- zh:People
- zh:One
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- ja:People
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- ja:One
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