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件

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 仵, 仟, 任, and 伴
件 U+4EF6, 件
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EF6
← 仵
[U+4EF5] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 价 →
[U+4EF7]

Translingual

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Stroke order
6 strokes

Han character

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件 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 人竹手 (OHQ), four-corner 25200, composition ⿰亻牛)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 94, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 410
  • Dae Jaweon: page 200, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 122, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+4EF6

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 件
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
s05909
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 人 (“man”) + 牛 (“cow”).

Etymology 1

[edit]
simp. and trad.
 件

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • gyor5/goe5/gua5/gyann5/giann5 - vernacular;
  • goeng5/gyoeng5 - literary.
Note:
  • kiāⁿ/kiǎⁿ - vernacular;
  • kiān/kiǎn - literary.
Note:
  • jienn5 - vernacular;
  • jienn4 - literary.
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 件
    Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕian⁵¹/
    Harbin /t͡ɕian⁵³/
    Tianjin /t͡ɕian⁵³/
    Jinan /t͡ɕiã²¹/
    Qingdao /t͡ɕiã⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /t͡ɕian³¹²/
    Xi'an /t͡ɕiã⁴⁴/
    Xining /t͡ɕiã²¹³/
    Yinchuan /t͡ɕian¹³/
    Lanzhou /t͡ɕiɛ̃n¹³/
    Ürümqi /t͡ɕian²¹³/
    Wuhan /t͡ɕiɛn³⁵/
    Chengdu /t͡ɕian¹³/
    Guiyang /t͡ɕian²¹³/
    Kunming /t͡ɕiɛ̃²¹²/
    Nanjing /t͡ɕien⁴⁴/
    Hefei /t͡ɕiĩ⁵³/
    Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕie⁴⁵/
    Pingyao /t͡ɕie̞³⁵/
    Hohhot /t͡ɕie⁵⁵/
    Wu Shanghai /d͡ʑi²³/
    Suzhou /d͡ʑiɪ³¹/
    Hangzhou /d͡ʑiẽ̞¹³/
    Wenzhou /d͡ʑi³⁵/
    Hui Shexian /t͡ɕie³⁵/ 一～衣裳
    /t͡ɕʰie³⁵/
    Tunxi /t͡ɕʰiɛ²⁴/
    Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/
    /t͡ɕiẽ¹¹/
    Xiangtan /d͡ʑiẽ²¹/
    Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰiɛn²¹/
    Hakka Meixian /kʰian⁵³/
    Taoyuan /kʰien⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /kin²²/
    Nanning /kin²²/
    Hong Kong /kin²²/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kian²²/
    /kiã²²/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kyɔŋ²⁴²/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /kiŋ⁴⁴/
    Shantou (Teochew) /kiã³⁵/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /kin³³/
    Rime
    Character 件
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 群 (30)
    Final (韻) 仙 (79)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 其輦切
    Baxter gjenX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɡˠiᴇnX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɡᵚiɛnX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ɡiænX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/gianX/
    Li
    Rong         		/ɡjɛnX/
    Wang
    Li         		/ɡĭɛnX/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/gi̯ɛnX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		jiàn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		gin6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 件
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		jiàn
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ gjenX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[ɡ]r[a][n]ʔ/ (no pre-Qín exx?)
    English item

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 件
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 6183
    Phonetic
    component         		件
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		件
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɡranʔ/
    Notes 見漢印

    Definitions

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    件

    1. (literary) to separate; to distinguish
    2. item; component
      部件  ―  bùjiàn  ―  parts, components
      零件  ―  língjiàn  ―  part, component
      備件／备件  ―  bèijiàn  ―  spare part
      軟件／软件  ―  ruǎnjiàn  ―  software
    3. document; letter
      文件  ―  wénjiàn  ―  document, file
      郵件／邮件  ―  yóujiàn  ―  mail
      信件  ―  xìnjiàn  ―  letter
      證件／证件  ―  zhèngjiàn  ―  certificate, document, ID
    4. Classifier for things which can be numerically counted, such as pieces of luggage, clothes, events: piece
      一件東西／一件东西  ―  yī jiàn dōngxi  ―  a thing
      一件嘢 [Cantonese]  ―  jat1 gin6 je5 [Jyutping]  ―  a thing
      一件襯衫／一件衬衫  ―  yī jiàn chènshān  ―  a shirt
    5. a surname
    Synonyms
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    Dialectal synonyms of 件 (“(classifier for clothes)”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 件
    Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 件兒
    Taiwan 件
    Jilu Mandarin Jinan 件
    Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 件兒
    Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 件
    Wuhan 件
    Guiyang 皮
    Guilin 件
    Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 件
    Hefei 件
    Cantonese Guangzhou 件
    Hong Kong 件
    Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 件
    Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 件
    Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 件
    Yangjiang 件
    Gan Nanchang 件
    Hakka Meixian 件
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 領
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 領
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 領
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 領
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 領
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 領
    Hong Kong 件
    Jin Taiyuan 件
    Northern Min Jian'ou 件
    Eastern Min Fuzhou 件
    Southern Min Xiamen 領
    Quanzhou 領
    Zhangzhou 領
    Tainan 領
    Chaozhou 件
    Jieyang 件, 個
    Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 件
    Wu Suzhou 件
    Wenzhou 件
    Xiang Changsha 件
    Shuangfeng 隻
    See also
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    • 條／条 (tiáo, “classifier for pants”)

    Compounds

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    Etymology 2

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    For pronunciation and definitions of 件 – see 侔 (“to match; to equal”).
    (This character is a variant form of 侔).

    References

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    • “件”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
    • 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “件”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 215.

    Japanese

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    Kanji

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    件

    (Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

    Readings

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    • Go-on: げん (gen)
    • Kan-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)
    • Kun: くだり (kudari, 件)、くだん (kudan, 件)

    Compounds

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    Compounds

    Etymology 1

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    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    件(けん) • (ken) 

    1. case
    2. matter
    3. subject
      肉(にく)の件(けん)
      niku no ken
      about the meat; on the subject of meat
    4. (informal, always modified with a verb phrase) incident; happening
      買(か)ってしまった件(けん)
      katteshimatta ken
      how I accidentally bought it
      知(し)らない間(あいだ)に増(ふ)えてる件(けん)
      shiranai aida ni fueteru ken
      how it's been increasing and I didn't know

    Etymology 2

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    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    件(くだん) • (kudan) 

    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja
    1. example
    2. precedent
      件(くだん)の
      kudan no
      the ... in question; the said ...
      件(くだん)の人(ひと)
      kudan no hito
      the person in question; the said person
    3. kudan; half-human, half-ox mythical creature

    Etymology 3

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    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    件(くだり) • (kudari) 

    1. clause, passage, paragraph
    2. precedent

    Korean

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    Hanja

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    件 (eumhun 물건 건 (mulgeon geon))

    1. hanja form? of 건 (“case”)
    2. hanja form? of 건 (“matter”)
    3. hanja form? of 건 (“subject”)
    4. hanja form? of 건 (“example”)
    5. hanja form? of 건 (“precedent”)

    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    件: Hán Nôm readings: kiện, kịn, kẹn

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    References

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