輦

See also: 辇

輦 U+8F26, 輦 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8F26 ← 輥 [U+8F25] CJK Unified Ideographs 輧 → [U+8F27]

輦 U+F998, 輦 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F998 ← 聯 [U+F997] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 蓮 → [U+F999]

Translingual

Han character

輦 (Kangxi radical 159, 車+8, 15 strokes, cangjie input 手人十田十 (QOJWJ), four-corner 5550₆, composition ⿱㚘車)

Derived characters

• 攆, 鄻, 𢤠, 𣞶, 𤁥, 𥌦, 𥗇, 𫌖, 𨇍, 𨘪, 𨯉, 𠣇

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1245, character 13
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38393
• Dae Jaweon: page 1722, character 11
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3536, character 13
• Unihan data for U+8F26

• Unihan data for U+F998

Chinese

trad.		輦
simp.		辇
alternative forms		𨍻 輪／轮 Hokkien

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (輦) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
輦	*renʔ
鄻	*renʔ
攆	*neːnʔ

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): niǎn (nian³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄋㄧㄢˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): lin⁵
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): loeng³ / lyeng³
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): lián

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ling² / lêng²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: niǎn
    • Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄢˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: niǎn
    • Wade–Giles: nien³
    • Yale: nyǎn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nean
    • Palladius: нянь (njanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ni̯ɛn²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: lin⁵
    • Yale: líhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: lin⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: lin⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liːn¹³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: loeng³
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: lê̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lœŋ⁴⁵³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: lyeng³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lyøŋ³³²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lián
    • Tâi-lô: lián
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liern
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /liɛn⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɛn⁴¹/
    • IPA (Singapore): /liɛn⁴²/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /liɛn⁵³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ling² / lêng²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: líng / léng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liŋ⁵²/, /leŋ⁵²/

---

• Middle Chinese: ljenX

Rime
Character	輦
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	仙 (77)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	力展切
Baxter	ljenX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/liᴇnX/
Pan Wuyun	/liɛnX/
Shao Rongfen	/ljænX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lianX/
Li Rong	/liɛnX/
Wang Li	/lĭɛnX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/li̯ɛnX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	liǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lin5

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r][a][n]ʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*renʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	輦
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	niǎn
Middle Chinese	‹ ljenX ›
Old Chinese	/*[r][a][n]ʔ/
English	cart drawn by men
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	輦
Reading #	1/1
No.	9484
Phonetic component	輦
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	輦
Old Chinese	/*renʔ/

Definitions

輦

1. handcart
2. imperial carriage
3. to transport by carriage
4. (Southern Min, Puxian Min) wheel
5. (Puxian Min) to roll over (of wheel, cylinder, etc.)
6. (Puxian Min) to rotate in place
7. (Puxian Min) to stare; to glare
8. (Puxian Min) Classifier for cars.
9. (Hokkien) Classifier for one of the wheels of a car.

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 輪子 (“wheel”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		輪, 轔
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		輪子
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	軲轆, 輪子
	Taiwan	輪子
	Singapore	輪子
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	軲輪兒, 軲輪子, 軲轆 suburbs
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	輪子
	Xi'an	軲轆, 輪子
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	軲轆
Lanyin Mandarin	Ürümqi	軲轆
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	輪子, 滾滾
	Wuhan	滾砣, 滾子
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	輪盤
	Hefei	軲轆子
Cantonese	Guangzhou	轆
	Hong Kong	轆
	Yangjiang	輪, 輪仔
	Singapore (Guangfu)	輪
Gan	Nanchang	砣, 輪子
	Lichuan	輪子
Hakka	Meixian	輪仔
	Yudu	輪子
Jin	Taiyuan	軲轆子, 軲攏子, 輪子
	Xinzhou	輪子, 軲溜子
Northern Min	Jian'ou	輪
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	輪輪
Southern Min	Xiamen	輦, 輪, 輪仔
	Quanzhou	輦
	Zhangzhou	輦
	Tainan	輦仔
	Singapore (Hokkien)	輦
	Manila (Hokkien)	輪
	Chaozhou	輪
	Puning	輦
	Singapore (Teochew)	輦
Puxian Min	Putian	輦
	Xianyou	輦
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	車輪
Wu	Shanghai	輪盤
	Shanghai (Songjiang)	輪盤
	Shanghai (Zhoupu, Pudong)	輪盤
	Shanghai (Shuangcaodun, Baoshan)	輪盤, 輪子
	Shanghai (Luodian, Baoshan)	輪盤
	Suzhou	輪盤
	Suzhou (Lili, Wujiang)	輪盤
	Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang)	輪盤
	Changshu	輪盤
	Kunshan	輪盤
	Jiaxing	輪盤
	Changzhou	輪盤
	Liyang	輪盤
	Changzhou (Jintan)	輪盤
	Yixing	輪盤
	Danyang	輪盤, 輪子
	Danyang (Tongjiaqiao)	輪盤
	Jingjiang	輪子, 輪盤, 盤子
	Jiangyin	輪盤
	Huzhou (Shuanglin)	輪盤
	Hangzhou	輪盤, 輪子
	Shaoxing	輪盤
	Zhuji (Wangjiajing)	輪盤
	Shengzhou (Chongren)	輪盤
	Shengzhou (Taiping)	輪盤
	Ningbo	輪盤, 擂盤 dated
	Yuyao	輪盤
	Taizhou (Huangyan)	輪盤
	Wenzhou	輪盤, 輪
	Quzhou	輪盤
	Jinhua	輪盤, 司機 euphemistic
	Yongkang	輪盤
Xiang	Changsha	輪盤, 滾盤, 車盤, 車輪子
	Shuangfeng	滾盤, 𱰥盤

Derived terms

• 推輦歸里 / 推辇归里
• 方輦 / 方辇
• 步輦 / 步辇 (bùniǎn)
• 步輦兒 / 步辇儿
• 玉輦 / 玉辇 (yùniǎn)
• 畿輦 / 畿辇
• 車輦 / 车辇 (chēniǎn)
• 輦下 / 辇下
• 輦夫 / 辇夫
• 輦席 / 辇席
• 輦路 / 辇路
• 輦載 / 辇载
• 輦轂 / 辇毂
• 輦轂下 / 辇毂下 (niǎngǔxià)
• 輦道 / 辇道
• 鳳輦 / 凤辇
• 龍車鳳輦 / 龙车凤辇
• 龍鳳輦 / 龙凤辇

References

• 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “辇”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 355.
• 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long], 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu], 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying], 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019) “1900 瞪 (～眼)”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 474.
• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “辇”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 165.

Japanese

Kanji

輦

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

• On (unclassified): れん (ren)
• Kun: てぐるま (teguruma)、たごし (tagoshi)

Korean

Hanja

輦 (eum 련 (ryeon), word-initial (South Korea) 연 (yeon))

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Vietnamese

Han character

輦: Hán Nôm readings: lén, lẻn, liễn, rịn

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References

• Nom Foundation