外
|
Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
---|---|---|---|
Stroke order | |||
---|---|---|---|
Han character
[edit]外 (Kangxi radical 36, 夕+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 弓戈卜 (NIY), four-corner 23200, composition ⿰夕卜(GHTVHK))
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 246, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5750
- Dae Jaweon: page 487, character 5
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 860, character 1
- Unihan data for U+5916
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 外 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 外 | |
alternative forms | 𡖄 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 外 | |||
---|---|---|---|
Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋʷaːds) : semantic 卜 + phonetic 月 (OC *ŋod).
According to 学研漢和大字典 (Kenkyūsha Kanwa Dai Jiten), it is also an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) ; 月 originally represents a crescent moon (i.e. the moon with part “missing” to the observer). The character is thus interpreted as representing divination based on the partial phase of the moon, implying the remaining visible part of the moon is the moon's ‘outside’. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): wai4 / wei4
- (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): wāi
- (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): wāi
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): вэ (ve, III) / ви (vi, III)
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ngoi6
- (Dongguan, Jyutping++): wi3
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): ngoi5
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ngoi6
- Gan (Wiktionary): uai5
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): vai3
- Northern Min (KCR): nguōi / ngṳē
- Eastern Min (BUC): nguôi / ngiê
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gua5 / gue5
- Southern Min
- Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): waai6
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 6nga / 6we
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): uai5 / ngai5 / uai4
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄨㄞˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: wài
- Wade–Giles: wai4
- Yale: wài
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: way
- Palladius: вай (vaj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /waɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: wai4 / wei4
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: uai / ui
- Sinological IPA (key): /uai²¹³/, /uei²¹³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- (Xi'an)
- Guanzhong Pinyin: wāi
- Sinological IPA (key): /uæ⁵⁵/
- (Nanjing)
- Nanjing Pinyin: wāi
- Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): wai4
- Sinological IPA (key): /uɛ⁴⁴/
- (Dungan)
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Xi'an)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ngoi6
- Yale: ngoih
- Cantonese Pinyin: ngoi6
- Guangdong Romanization: ngoi6
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋɔːi̯²²/
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
- Jyutping++: wi3
- Sinological IPA (key): /vi³²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: ngoi5
- Sinological IPA (key): /ᵑɡᵘɔi³²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: uai5
- Sinological IPA (key): /uai¹¹/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngoi
- Hakka Romanization System: ngoi
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngoi4
- Sinological IPA: /ŋoi̯⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: ngoi˖
- Sinological IPA: /ŋoi³³/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: vai3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /vai⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: nguōi / ngṳē
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋuɛ⁵⁵/, /ŋyɛ⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: nguôi / ngiê
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋui²⁴²/, /ŋiɛ²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- nguôi - literary;
- ngiê - colloquial.
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: gua5
- Sinological IPA (key): /kua²¹/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: gue5
- Sinological IPA (key): /kuei²¹/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- gua5 - colloquial;
- gue5 - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Longyan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gioa
- Tâi-lô: giua
- IPA (Longyan): /ɡiua³³⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Longyan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngoǎi
- Tâi-lô: nguǎi
- IPA (Longyan): /ŋuãi⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Longyan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: goǎi
- Tâi-lô: guǎi
- IPA (Longyan): /ɡuai⁵³/
- gōa/giua - colloquial;
- gōe/ngoǎi/goǎi - literary.
- bhua1 - colloquial;
- nguai7 - literary.
- Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Jyutping++: waai6
- Sinological IPA (key): /βai²²/
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Wu
- 6nga (Shanghai) - colloquial;
- 6we (Shanghai) - literary.
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: uai5 / ngai5 / uai4
- Sinological IPA (key): /u̯ai̯²¹/, /ŋai̯²¹/, /u̯ai̯⁴⁵/
- (Changsha)
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: ngwajH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ŋ]ʷˤa[t]-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ŋʷaːds/
Definitions
[edit]外
- out; outside; external
- beyond; above; in addition to; other than; except
- other; foreign; alien (not of one's own family, clan, locality, school, country, etc.)
- foreign country
- (literary) to alienate; to other; to exclude; to distance
- 見外/见外 ― jiànwài ― to make me feel like an outsider (literally, "to have me excluded [from the familiar circle]")
- 內其國而外諸夏,內諸夏而外夷狄。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Commentary of Gongyang, c. 206 BCE– 9 CE
- Nèi qí guó ér wài Zhūxià, nèi Zhūxià ér wài Yídí. [Pinyin]
- to deem one's own state "the in" and treat the other Xias as "the other", while allying oneself with the Xias and distancing oneself from the Barbarians.
内其国而外诸夏,内诸夏而外夷狄。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- relatives of one's mother, sister or daughter
- additional
- unofficial
- (Hokkien, Teochew, after an amount but before the classifier) as much as
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 丁外艱 / 丁外艰
- 不外 (bùwài)
- 不外乎 (bùwàihū)
- 不自外
- 中外 (zhōngwài)
- 之外 (zhīwài)
- 九霄雲外 / 九霄云外 (jiǔxiāoyúnwài)
- 以外 (yǐwài)
- 作外
- 例外 (lìwài)
- 內外 / 内外 (nèiwài)
- 其外 (qíwài)
- 出外 (chūwài)
- 出外景
- 出意外
- 分外 (fènwài)
- 劍外 / 剑外
- 務外 / 务外
- 化外 (huàwài)
- 口外 (kǒuwài)
- 另外 (lìngwài)
- 向外 (xiàngwài)
- 吐外特 (Tǔwàitè)
- 味外味
- 員外 / 员外 (yuánwài)
- 員外郎 / 员外郎
- 國外 / 国外 (guówài)
- 圈外人
- 在外 (zàiwài)
- 城外 (Chéngwài)
- 域外 (yùwài)
- 塞外 (sàiwài)
- 外三關 / 外三关 (Wàisānguān)
- 外丹
- 外丹功
- 外事 (wàishì)
- 外交 (wàijiāo)
- 外交團 / 外交团 (wàijiāotuán)
- 外交官 (wàijiāoguān)
- 外交部 (wàijiāobù)
- 外人 (wàirén)
- 外來 / 外来 (wàilái)
- 外來語 / 外来语 (wàiláiyǔ)
- 外來錢 / 外来钱
- 外侮 (wàiwǔ)
- 外側 / 外侧 (wàicè)
- 外傅
- 外傷 / 外伤 (wàishāng)
- 外債 / 外债 (wàizhài)
- 外傳 / 外传
- 外僑 / 外侨 (wàiqiáo)
- 外像
- 外光派
- 外公 (wàigōng)
- 外典
- 外出 (wàichū)
- 外出服
- 外出血 (wàichūxuè)
- 外力 (wàilì)
- 外加 (wàijiā)
- 外功 (wàigōng)
- 外務 / 外务 (wàiwù)
- 外務員 / 外务员
- 外動詞 / 外动词 (wàidòngcí)
- 外勞 / 外劳 (wàiláo)
- 外勤 (wàiqín)
- 外包 (wàibāo)
- 外匯 / 外汇 (wàihuì)
- 外卡 (wàikǎ)
- 外口 (gōa-kháu) (Min Nan)
- 外史 (wàishǐ)
- 外向 (wàixiàng)
- 外名
- 外呈答
- 外呼吸
- 外商 (wàishāng)
- 外四路
- 外國 / 外国 (wàiguó)
- 外國人 / 外国人 (wàiguórén)
- 外國貨 / 外国货 (wàiguóhuò)
- 外圍 / 外围 (wàiwéi)
- 外在 (wàizài)
- 外地 (wàidì)
- 外在美 (wàizàiměi)
- 外城 (wàichéng)
- 外型 (wàixíng)
- 外埔 (Wàipǔ)
- 外埠 (wàibù)
- 外場 / 外场 (wàichǎng)
- 外場人 / 外场人
- 外外
- 外太空 (wàitàikōng)
- 外套 (wàitào)
- 外姓 (wàixìng)
- 外婆 (wàipó)
- 外婦 / 外妇
- 外子 (wàizǐ)
- 外孫 / 外孙 (wàisūn)
- 外孫女 / 外孙女 (wàisūnnǚ)
- 外宅
- 外官
- 外客
- 外家 (wàijiā)
- 外宿
- 外寇 (wàikòu)
- 外層 / 外层 (wàicéng)
- 外帶 / 外带 (wàidài)
- 外幣 / 外币 (wàibì)
- 外延 (wàiyán)
- 外引
- 外弟
- 外形 (wàixíng)
- 外後日 / 外后日
- 外心 (wàixīn)
- 外快 (wàikuài)
- 外快子
- 外患 (wàihuàn)
- 外感
- 外戚 (wàiqī)
- 外戶 / 外户
- 外才
- 外手
- 外找
- 外技
- 外掛 / 外挂 (wàiguà)
- 外接圓 / 外接圆 (wàijiēyuán)
- 外援 (wàiyuán)
- 外揚 / 外扬 (wàiyáng)
- 外放 (wàifàng)
- 外教 (wàijiào)
- 外敷
- 外敵 / 外敌 (wàidí)
- 外文 (wàiwén)
- 外方 (wàifāng)
- 外族 (wàizú)
- 外日
- 外星人 (wàixīngrén)
- 外景 (wàijǐng)
- 外末
- 外果皮 (wàiguǒpí)
- 外標 / 外标
- 外欠
- 外此
- 外殼 / 外壳 (wàiké)
- 外母 (wàimǔ)
- 外毒素 (wàidúsù)
- 外氏
- 外水
- 外江 (wàijiāng)
- 外泄 (wàixiè)
- 外流 (wàiliú)
- 外洋 (wàiyáng)
- 外洩 / 外泄 (wàixiè)
- 外流區 / 外流区
- 外流河
- 外海 (wàihǎi)
- 外淨 / 外净
- 外港 (wàigǎng)
- 外焰
- 外煙 / 外烟
- 外燃機 / 外燃机
- 外父 (wàifù)
- 外王內帝 / 外王内帝 (wàiwángnèidì)
- 外生
- 外甥 (wàishēng)
- 外甥女
- 外用 (wàiyòng)
- 外用藥 / 外用药 (wàiyòng yào)
- 外界 (wàijiè)
- 外痔 (wàizhì)
- 外相 (wàixiàng)
- 外省 (wàishěng)
- 外磕腳 / 外磕脚 (Wàikējiǎo)
- 外祖母 (wàizǔmǔ)
- 外祖父 (wàizǔfù)
- 外科 (wàikē)
- 外秧兒 / 外秧儿
- 外稃 (wàifū)
- 外篇
- 外籍 (wàijí)
- 外緣 / 外缘 (wàiyuán)
- 外線 / 外线 (wàixiàn)
- 外縣 / 外县
- 外罩 (wàizhào)
- 外耳 (wài'ěr)
- 外耳道 (wài'ěrdào)
- 外聽道 / 外听道
- 外胎 (wàitāi)
- 外胚層 / 外胚层 (wàipēicéng)
- 外膜
- 外舅
- 外舍
- 外艱 / 外艰
- 外蒙 (Wàiměng)
- 外蒙古
- 外藩
- 外號 / 外号 (wàihào)
- 外行 (wàiháng)
- 外行人 (wàihángrén)
- 外行星 (wàixíngxīng)
- 外行話 / 外行话
- 外衣 (wàiyī)
- 外表 (wàibiǎo)
- 外褂
- 外親 / 外亲
- 外觀 / 外观 (wàiguān)
- 外角 (wàijiǎo)
- 外角球
- 外話 / 外话
- 外語 / 外语 (wàiyǔ)
- 外調 / 外调 (wàidiào)
- 外貌 (wàimào)
- 外財 / 外财 (wàicái)
- 外貨 / 外货 (wàihuò)
- 外貿 / 外贸 (wàimào)
- 外資 / 外资 (wàizī)
- 外賓 / 外宾 (wàibīn)
- 外賣 / 外卖 (wàimài)
- 外路
- 外路人
- 外遇 (wàiyù)
- 外道
- 外道兒 / 外道儿
- 外道話 / 外道话
- 外邊 / 外边 (wàibiān)
- 外郎
- 外部 (wàibù)
- 外鄉 / 外乡 (wàixiāng)
- 外野 (wàiyě)
- 外野手 (wàiyěshǒu)
- 外鈔 / 外钞
- 外銷 / 外销 (wàixiāo)
- 外錯角 / 外错角
- 外長城 / 外长城
- 外間 / 外间 (wàijiān)
- 外附
- 外集
- 外電 / 外电 (wàidiàn)
- 外電路 / 外电路
- 外面
- 外面情
- 外項 / 外项
- 外頭 / 外头 (wàitou)
- 外館 / 外馆
- 天外
- 婚外 (hūnwài)
- 媚外 (mèiwài)
- 室外 (shìwài)
- 局外
- 局外人 (júwàirén)
- 屋外
- 山外
- 崇外
- 度外
- 庭外 (tíngwài)
- 徼外
- 心外膜 (xīnwàimó)
- 意外 (yìwài)
- 意外險 / 意外险
- 戶外 / 户外 (hùwài)
- 打外
- 打野外
- 拍外景
- 排外 (páiwài)
- 援外 (yuánwài)
- 攘外安內 / 攘外安内 (rángwài'ānnèi)
- 方外
- 方外人
- 望外
- 格外 (géwài)
- 此外 (cǐwài)
- 法外 (fǎwài)
- 治外
- 流外
- 海外 (hǎiwài)
- 涉外 (shèwài)
- 海外版
- 濱外 / 滨外
- 牆外漢 / 墙外汉
- 物外
- 界外
- 界外球 (jièwàiqiú)
- 窗外 (chuāngwài)
- 紅外線 / 红外线 (hóngwàixiàn)
- 紫外線 / 紫外线 (zǐwàixiàn)
- 美國本土外小島嶼 / 美国本土外小岛屿 (Měiguó Běntǔ Wài Xiǎodǎoyǔ)
- 老外 (lǎowài)
- 而外 (érwài)
- 膜外
- 自外
- 荒外
- 號外 / 号外 (hàowài)
- 裡外 / 里外 (lǐwài)
- 裡外裡 / 里外里 (lǐwàilǐ)
- 見外 / 见外 (jiànwài)
- 言外 (yánwài)
- 課外 / 课外 (kèwài)
- 象外
- 賺外快 / 赚外快
- 郊外 (jiāowài)
- 野外 (yěwài)
- 門外 / 门外 (ménwài)
- 門外漢 / 门外汉 (ménwàihàn)
- 開外 / 开外 (kāiwài)
- 關外 / 关外 (guānwài)
- 除外 (chúwài)
- 䫄外
- 額外 / 额外 (éwài)
- 題外話 / 题外话 (tíwàihuà)
- 餘外 / 余外
- 騖外 / 骛外
Descendants
[edit]Others:
References
[edit]- “外”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]- Go-on: げ (ge, Jōyō)←げ (ge, historical)←ぐゑ (gwe, ancient)
- Kan-on: がい (gai, Jōyō)←ぐわい (gwai, historical)
- Tō-on: うい (ui)
- Kun: そと (soto, 外, Jōyō)、ほか (hoka, 外, Jōyō)、はずす (hazusu, 外す, Jōyō)、はずれる (hazureru, 外れる, Jōyō)、と (to)
Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
外 |
そと Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
Appears from roughly the Muromachi period,[1] superseding earlier to reading (see below). Likely a compound of either 背 (so, “back, behind”, ancient reading found in compounds) + 外 (to, “outside”), or 背 (so, “back, behind”, ancient reading found in compounds) + 所 (to, “place”).[2]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
外 |
ほか Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *poka.
Related to Baekje ホカ (*poka, “outside”),[4] compare Korean 밖 (bak, “outside”).
Alternative forms
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
外 |
よそ Grade: 2 |
irregular |
For pronunciation and definitions of 外 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 外, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 4
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
外 |
と Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Etymology 5
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
外 |
がい Grade: 2 |
on'yomi |
Middle Chinese 外 (ŋuɑiH)
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- 外骨格 (gaikokkaku): an exoskeleton
- 外形 (gaikei): external shape/form
- 外祖母 (gaisobo): (rare) maternal grandmother, mother's mother
- 外交 (gaikō)
- 外人 (gaijin)
- 外傷 (gaishō)
- 外出 (gaishutsu)
- 外務省 (gaimushō)
- 外国 (gaikoku)
- 外国人 (gaikokujin)
- 外国語 (gaikokugo)
- 外来 (gairai)
- 外来語 (gairaigo)
- 外泊 (gaihaku)
- 外相 (gaishō)
- 外耳 (gaiji)
- 外苑 (gaien)
- 外資 (gaishi)
- 外貨 (gaika)
- 外装 (gaisō)
- 外部 (gaibu)
- 海外 (kaigai)
- 室外 (shitsugai): outside a room, outdoor
Etymology 6
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
外 |
げ Grade: 2 |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 外 (MC ngwajH).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- 外科 (geka): surgery (as a field of medicine)
- 外道 (gedō): any non-Buddhist religion
- 外法 (gehō): any non-Buddhist religion; any non-Buddhist teaching
Usage notes
[edit]The printed form of this character often differs from its handwritten form; in the latter, the last stroke often does not pass through, as in the printed Chinese form.
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ John Bentley (2000) “New Look at Paekche and Korean: Data from Nihon shoki”, in Language Research[1], volume 36, number 2, Seoul National University, pages 417—443
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 外 (MC ngwajH).
Historical Readings | ||
---|---|---|
Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | ᅌᅬᆼ〮 (Yale: ngwóy) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 | 밧 (Yale: pàs) | 외〯 (Yale: wǒy) |
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [we̞(ː)] ~ [ø̞(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [웨(ː)/외(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [3]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]外: Hán Nôm readings: ngoại, ngoái, ngoải, ngoài, nguậy
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Readings
[edit]- Nôm: ngoái, ngoài, ngoại, ngòi, ngồi
Compounds
[edit]- ngoại quốc (外國)
References
[edit]- Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
- Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
- Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville
- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han phono-semantic compounds
- Han ideogrammic compounds
- Mandarin terms with audio pronunciation
- Cantonese terms with audio pronunciation
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Sichuanese lemmas
- Dungan lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Taishanese lemmas
- Gan lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Jin lemmas
- Northern Min lemmas
- Eastern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Leizhou Min lemmas
- Puxian Min lemmas
- Southern Pinghua lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Xiang lemmas
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese hanzi
- Mandarin hanzi
- Sichuanese hanzi
- Dungan hanzi
- Cantonese hanzi
- Taishanese hanzi
- Gan hanzi
- Hakka hanzi
- Jin hanzi
- Northern Min hanzi
- Eastern Min hanzi
- Hokkien hanzi
- Teochew hanzi
- Leizhou Min hanzi
- Puxian Min hanzi
- Southern Pinghua hanzi
- Wu hanzi
- Xiang hanzi
- Middle Chinese hanzi
- Old Chinese hanzi
- Chinese adjectives
- Mandarin adjectives
- Sichuanese adjectives
- Dungan adjectives
- Cantonese adjectives
- Taishanese adjectives
- Gan adjectives
- Hakka adjectives
- Jin adjectives
- Northern Min adjectives
- Eastern Min adjectives
- Hokkien adjectives
- Teochew adjectives
- Leizhou Min adjectives
- Puxian Min adjectives
- Southern Pinghua adjectives
- Wu adjectives
- Xiang adjectives
- Middle Chinese adjectives
- Old Chinese adjectives
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Sichuanese nouns
- Dungan nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Taishanese nouns
- Gan nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Jin nouns
- Northern Min nouns
- Eastern Min nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Leizhou Min nouns
- Puxian Min nouns
- Southern Pinghua nouns
- Wu nouns
- Xiang nouns
- Middle Chinese nouns
- Old Chinese nouns
- Chinese postpositions
- Mandarin postpositions
- Sichuanese postpositions
- Dungan postpositions
- Cantonese postpositions
- Taishanese postpositions
- Gan postpositions
- Hakka postpositions
- Jin postpositions
- Northern Min postpositions
- Eastern Min postpositions
- Hokkien postpositions
- Teochew postpositions
- Leizhou Min postpositions
- Puxian Min postpositions
- Southern Pinghua postpositions
- Wu postpositions
- Xiang postpositions
- Middle Chinese postpositions
- Old Chinese postpositions
- Chinese verbs
- Mandarin verbs
- Sichuanese verbs
- Dungan verbs
- Cantonese verbs
- Taishanese verbs
- Gan verbs
- Hakka verbs
- Jin verbs
- Northern Min verbs
- Eastern Min verbs
- Hokkien verbs
- Teochew verbs
- Leizhou Min verbs
- Puxian Min verbs
- Southern Pinghua verbs
- Wu verbs
- Xiang verbs
- Middle Chinese verbs
- Old Chinese verbs
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 外
- Mandarin terms with usage examples
- Literary Chinese terms with quotations
- Chinese literary terms
- Hokkien Chinese
- Teochew Chinese
- Hokkien terms with usage examples
- Beginning Mandarin
- Japanese kanji
- Japanese second grade kanji
- Japanese kyōiku kanji
- Japanese jōyō kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading げ
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading げ
- Japanese kanji with ancient goon reading ぐゑ
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading がい
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading ぐわい
- Japanese kanji with tōon reading うい
- Japanese kanji with kun reading そと
- Japanese kanji with kun reading ほか
- Japanese kanji with kun reading はず・す
- Japanese kanji with kun reading はず・れる
- Japanese kanji with kun reading と
- Japanese terms spelled with 外 read as そと
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese compound terms
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with 外
- Japanese single-kanji terms
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese terms spelled with 外 read as ほか
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms read with irregular kanji readings
- Japanese terms spelled with 外 read as と
- Japanese terms spelled with 外 read as がい
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese suffixes
- Japanese terms historically spelled with わ
- Japanese terms spelled with 外 read as げ
- ja:Buddhism
- Korean terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Korean terms with long vowels in the first syllable
- Korean lemmas
- Korean hanja
- Korean hanja forms
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters