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內

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 内
內 U+5167, 內
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5167
← 兦
[U+5166] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 全 →
[U+5168]

內 U+2F814, 內
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F814
← 㒹
[U+2F813] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 再 →
[U+2F815]

Translingual

[edit]
Stroke order
4 strokes

Han character

[edit]

內 (Kangxi radical 11, 入+2, 4 strokes, cangjie input 人月 (OB), four-corner 40227, composition ⿻冂入)

Derived characters

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 125, character 35
  • Dae Jaweon: page 267, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 97, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+5167

Chinese

[edit]
trad. 內
simp. 内

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character 內
j13126
j13127
j13128
j13129
j13130
j13131
j13132
j13133
j13134
j13135
j13136
j13137
j13138
j13139
j13140
j13141
b08077
b08078
b08079
b08080
b08081
b08082
b08083
b08084
b08085
b08086
b08087
b08088
b08089
b08090
b08091
b08092
b08093
b08094
b08095
b08096
b08097
b08098
b08099
b08100
b08101
b08102
b08103
b08104
b08105
b08106
b08107
b08108
b08109
b08110
b08111
b08112
s03778
Transcribed ancient scripts
L36369
L36370
L21837
L21838
L21839
L21840
L21841
L21842
L21843
L21844
L21845
L21846
L21833
L21834
L21835
L21836
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (內) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
妠 *nuːms, *nuːb, *rnoːd
內 *nuːbs
笍 *tnobs, *njobs
芮 *njobs
枘 *njobs
汭 *njobs
鈉 *njobs
蜹 *njobs, *lobs, *njod
抐 *nuːns, *nuːd
納 *nuːb
衲 *nuːb
魶 *nuːb, *noːb
軜 *nuːb
蒳 *nuːb
豽 *rnuːd
肭 *rnuːd, *nuːd, *nuɡ
吶 *nod
焫 *njod
訥 *nuːd

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 冂 (“city outskirts”) + 入 (“to enter”) – entering the city through its outskirts - inside, within.

Etymology

[edit]

Related to 入 (OC *njub, “to enter”); see there for more.

Pronunciation 1

[edit]
Note:
  • lāi/lǎi - vernacular (etymologically 裡);
  • lōe - literary.
Note: lai6 - etymologically 裡.
    • (Leizhou)
      • Leizhou Pinyin: lai6 / nui7
      • Sinological IPA: /lai³³/, /nui⁵⁵/
Note:
  • lai6 - vernacular (etymologically 裡);
  • nui7 - literary.
Note:
  • lei5 - vernacular;
  • lei4- literary.
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 內
    Mandarin Beijing /nei⁵¹/
    Harbin /nei⁵³/
    Tianjin /nei⁵³/
    Jinan /nei²¹/
    Qingdao /ne⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /nei³¹²/
    Xi'an /luei⁴⁴/
    Xining /nuɨ²¹³/
    Yinchuan /nuei¹³/
    Lanzhou /luei¹³/
    Ürümqi /nei²¹³/
    Wuhan /nei³⁵/
    Chengdu /nuei¹³/
    Guiyang /nuei²¹³/
    Kunming /nuei²¹²/
    Nanjing /luəi⁴⁴/
    Hefei /le⁵³/
    Jin Taiyuan /nai⁴⁵/
    Pingyao /næ³⁵/
    Hohhot /nɛ⁵⁵/
    Wu Shanghai /ne²³/
    Suzhou /ne̞³¹/
    Hangzhou /nei¹³/
    Wenzhou /nai²²/
    Hui Shexian /nɛ²²/
    Tunxi /lə¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /lei⁵⁵/
    /lei¹¹/
    Xiangtan /nəi²¹/
    Gan Nanchang /lui²¹/
    Hakka Meixian /nui⁵³/
    Taoyuan /mui⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /nɔi²²/
    Nanning /nui²²/
    Hong Kong /nɔi²²/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /lue²²/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /nuɔi²⁴²/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /no⁴⁴/
    Shantou (Teochew) /lai³⁵/ 訓讀
    Haikou (Hainanese) /nui³³/
    /lai³³/ 訓裡
    Rime
    Character 內
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 泥 (8)
    Final (韻) 灰 (42)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 奴對切
    Baxter nwojH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/nuʌiH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/nuoiH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/nuɒiH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/nwəjH/
    Li
    Rong         		/nuᴀiH/
    Wang
    Li         		/nuɒiH/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/nuɑ̆iH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		nèi
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		neoi6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 內
    Reading # 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		nèi
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ nwojH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*nˁ[u]p-s/
    English inside

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 內
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 9381
    Phonetic
    component         		內
    Rime
    group         		內
    Rime
    subdivision         		3
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		内
    Old
    Chinese         		/*nuːbs/

    Definitions

    [edit]

    內

    1. inside; interior; internal; inner
      Antonym: 外 (wài)
      室內／室内  ―  shìnèi  ―  indoors
      內傷／内伤  ―  nèishāng  ―  internal injury
      內戰／内战  ―  nèizhàn  ―  civil war
      未來幾天內／未来几天内  ―  wèilái jǐtiān nèi  ―  within the next few days
    2. (obsolete) room; inner room
    3. (literary) court; imperial palace
    4. woman; wife
      內兄／内兄  ―  nèixiōng  ―  wife's elder brother
    5. heart; mind; self
      內疚／内疚  ―  nèijiù  ―  conscience-stricken
    6. (traditional Chinese medicine) internal organs
    7. (Buddhism) within Buddhism
      內典／内典  ―  nèidiǎn  ―  Buddhist scripture
      內學／内学  ―  nèixué  ―  Buddhism
    8. 65th tetragram of the Taixuanjing (𝍆)
    9. (Teochew) family
    10. (Teochew) home
      伊無在內。／伊无在内。 [Teochew]  ―  i1 bho5 do6 lai6. [Peng'im]  ―  He/she is not home.
    11. (Internet slang) Alternative form of 那
      有內味了。／有内味了。  ―  Yǒunèiwèile.  ―  That's the taste.
    12. (Philippine Hokkien) Classifier for servings / helpings of food.
      一內菜，兩內物配，三內點心 [Philippine Hokkien, trad.]
      一内菜，两内物配，三内点心 [Philippine Hokkien, simp.]
      chi̍t lǎi chhài, nňg lǎi mn̍gh-phè, saⁿ lǎi tiám-sim [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
      one serving of a dish, two servings of side toppings, three servings of snacks
    Synonyms
    [edit]
    Dialectal synonyms of 裡邊 (“inside”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 裡面, 裡邊
    Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 裡頭, 裡邊兒
    Taiwan 裡面, 裡邊, 裡頭
    Harbin 裡面兒, 裡面
    Shenyang 裡頭
    Malaysia 裡面
    Singapore 裡面
    Jilu Mandarin Jinan 裡頭, 裡邊兒, 裡面兒, 裡面
    Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 裡邊兒, 裡面兒, 裡頭
    Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 裡頭, 裡邊兒, 裡面兒
    Wanrong 裡頭
    Xi'an 裡頭
    Xining 裡頭, 裡面
    Xuzhou 裡邊兒, 裡邊, 裡頭兒, 裡頭, 裡面
    Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 裡頭
    Lanzhou 裡面個, 裡頭
    Ürümqi 裡頭, 裡面
    Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 後頭, 裡頭, 裡面
    Wuhan 裡頭, 裡邊, 肚裡
    Guiyang 裡頭, 裡邊, 裡面
    Kunming 裡首
    Liuzhou 裡頭, 裡面
    Mae Salong (Lancang) 裡面
    Mae Sai (Tengchong) 裡面, 裡頭
    Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 裡頭
    Yangzhou 裡頭, 裡口, 裡身
    Nantong 裡頭
    Hefei 裡頭
    Cantonese Guangzhou 裡便, 入便, 裡頭, 裡底, 裡面, 入面
    Hong Kong 裡便, 入便, 裡頭, 裡面, 入面
    Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 入邊, 入解
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 入面, 入便
    Taishan 入便, 入面, 耳後
    Dongguan 入內, 內頭, 內便
    Yangjiang 裡頭
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 入便, 裡便, 入面
    Singapore (Guangfu) 入便
    Yangon (Taishan) 裡頭
    Mandalay (Taishan) 裡面
    Gan Nanchang 裡頭, 肚裡
    Lichuan 裡家, 內裡
    Pingxiang 內裡
    Hakka Meixian 裡背, 肚仔, 肚裡背
    Xingning 裡背
    Huidong (Daling) 裡背
    Shaoguan (Qujiang) 裡背
    Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 裡背
    Changting 裡背
    Wuping 裡背
    Wuping (Pingyu) 裡背
    Liancheng 裡背
    Ninghua 裡邊
    Ruijin 內裡
    Shicheng 裡交, 裡向
    Shangyou (Shexi) 裡囊
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 裡背, 裡肚, 內肚
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 裡背, 裡肚仔, 裡肚, 內肚
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 裡背, 裡肚, 內肚
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 裡背, 裡肚, 內肚
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 裡背, 裡肚, 內肚
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 內底
    Hong Kong 裡背
    Kuching (Hepo) 裡肚
    Huizhou Jixi 裡頭, 裡首
    Jin Taiyuan 裡頭, 裡面, 黑裡
    Xinzhou 後兒, 裡頭
    Northern Min Jian'ou 裡邊
    Eastern Min Fuzhou 裡勢, 裡邊
    Fuqing 裡勢
    Matsu 裡勢
    Southern Min Xiamen 內面, 內底, 內頭, 內兜, 內角
    Quanzhou 內面, 內底, 內頭, 內壁, 內溝, 內角
    Jinjiang 內兜
    Shishi 內面
    Zhangzhou 內面, 內底, 內頭, 內角
    Zhao'an 內底
    Taipei 內底, 內面
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 內底
    Kaohsiung 內底, 內面
    Yilan 內底, 內面
    Changhua (Lukang) 內底
    Taichung 內底, 內面
    Taichung (Wuqi) 內面
    Tainan 內底, 內面
    Taitung 內底
    Hsinchu 內底, 內面
    Kinmen 內底
    Penghu (Magong) 內底, 內面
    Penang (Hokkien) 內面
    Singapore (Hokkien) 內爿, 內底, 內交, 內面
    Manila (Hokkien) 內面, 內兜, 內爿
    Chaozhou 底爿, 內爿
    Shantou 底爿, 內爿, 內底
    Shantou (Chaoyang) 內底
    Jieyang 底爿, 內爿, 內底, 內面
    Bangkok (Teochew) 內底
    Singapore (Teochew) 內爿, 內底
    Wenchang 內
    Haikou 內面, 內
    Singapore (Hainanese) 內
    Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 入頭
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 裡頭
    Wu Shanghai 裡頭, 裡向, 裡向頭, 裡首 dated
    Shanghai (Chongming) 裡面, 裡向
    Suzhou 裡向, 裡面
    Danyang 肚裡
    Hangzhou 裡頭, 裡向
    Ningbo 裡向, 裡頭
    Wenzhou 底面, 底轉
    Jinhua 裡面, 裡頭
    Xiang Changsha 裡頭, 裡面, 肚裡
    Loudi 肚裡, 底裡, 裡頭
    Shuangfeng 底頭, 肚裡
    Dialectal synonyms of 家 (“home”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 家
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 家
    Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 家
    Taiwan 家
    Malaysia 家
    Singapore 家
    Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 家
    Jinan 家
    Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 家, 屋
    Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 家
    Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 屋頭, 家
    Wuhan 屋裡, 家
    Guilin 家
    Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 家, 家頭
    Hefei 家
    Cantonese Guangzhou 屋企
    Hong Kong 屋企
    Macau 屋企
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 屋企
    Jiangmen (Xinhui) 屋企
    Taishan 屋企, 企
    Kaiping (Chikan) 屋企, 企
    Dongguan 屋企
    Yunfu 屋己
    Yangjiang 屋己, 屋
    Maoming (Xinpo) 屋己
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 屋企
    Singapore (Guangfu) 屋企
    Gan Nanchang 屋裡
    Hakka Meixian 屋下
    Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 屋
    Huiyang 屋下
    Dongguan (Qingxi) 屋下
    Boluo (Bendihua) 屋
    Heyuan (Bendihua) 屋下
    Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua) 屋下
    Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua) 屋下
    Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua) 屋下
    Wengyuan 屋下
    Liannan 屋下
    Jiexi 屋家
    Luhe 屋下
    Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 屋下
    Changting 屋下
    Wuping (Yanqian) 屋下
    Liancheng 屋下
    Ninghua 屋下
    Ningdu 屋下
    Tonggu (Sandu) 屋下
    Ganzhou (Panlong) 屋下
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 屋下
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 屋下
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 屋下
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 屋下
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 屋下
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 屋下
    Hong Kong 屋下
    Yangxi (Tangkou) 屋下
    Yangchun (Sanjia) 屋下
    Xinyi (Sihe) 屋下
    Xinyi (Qianpai) 屋下
    Gaozhou (Xindong) 屋下
    Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 屋下
    Huazhou (Xin'an) 屋下
    Lianjiang (Shijiao) 屋下
    Lianjiang (Qingping) 屋下
    Mengshan (Xihe) 屋下
    Luchuan 屋下
    Senai (Huiyang) 屋下
    Singapore (Dabu) 屋下
    Jin Taiyuan 家
    Northern Min Jian'ou 厝
    Eastern Min Fuzhou 厝
    Singapore (Fuqing) 厝
    Southern Min Xiamen 厝, 兜
    Quanzhou 厝, 兜
    Jinjiang 厝
    Zhangzhou 厝, 兜
    Zhao'an 厝
    Taipei 兜
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 兜
    Kaohsiung 兜
    Yilan 厝, 兜
    Changhua (Lukang) 兜, 塊
    Taichung 兜
    Tainan 厝, 兜
    Hsinchu 兜
    Kinmen 塊, 兜
    Penghu (Magong) 塊, 兜
    Penang (Hokkien) 厝
    Singapore (Hokkien) 厝, 兜
    Manila (Hokkien) 厝, 厝內, 兜
    Chaozhou 內
    Shantou 內
    Shantou (Chaoyang) 內
    Jieyang 內
    Haifeng 厝
    Bangkok (Teochew) 厝, 內
    Ho Chi Minh City (Teochew) 內
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 厝
    Singapore (Teochew) 內
    Wenchang 厝
    Qionghai 厝
    Singapore (Hainanese) 厝
    Puxian Min Putian 厝
    Xianyou 厝
    Shehua Fu'an 寮
    Fuding 寮
    Luoyuan 寮
    Sanming 寮
    Shunchang 寮
    Hua'an 寮
    Guixi (Zhangping) 寮
    Cangnan 寮
    Jingning (Hexi) 寮
    Lishui 寮
    Longyou 寮
    Chaozhou 寮
    Fengshun 寮
    Wu Shanghai 屋裡
    Suzhou 屋裡
    Ningbo 屋落, 屋裡
    Wenzhou 屋裡
    Xiang Changsha 屋裡
    Shuangfeng 屋裡

    Compounds

    [edit]

    Descendants

    [edit]
    Sino-Xenic (內):
    • → Japanese: 内(ない) (nai)
    • → Korean: 내(內) (nae)
    • → Vietnamese: nội (內)

    Pronunciation 2

    [edit]
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 內
    Reading # 1/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		nà
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ nop ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*nˁ[u]p/
    English bring or send in

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

    Definitions

    [edit]

    內

    1. † to enter
    2. † Original form of 納／纳 (nà, “to pay”).

    Compounds

    [edit]

    Japanese

    [edit]

    Shinjitai

    		内

    Kyūjitai

    		內

    Kanji

    [edit]
    內

    (Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 内)

    1. Kyūjitai form of 内

    Readings

    [edit]
    • Go-on: ない (nai)
    • Kan-on: だい (dai)
    • Kun: うち (uchi)、いる (iru)、いれる (ireru)

    Usage notes

    [edit]

    This character is usually not used in Japanese and lacks JIS support. The variant 内 (U+5185) is used instead.

    Korean

    [edit]

    Etymology

    [edit]

    From Middle Chinese 內 (MC nwojH).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 뇡〮 (Yale: nwóy)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] 안〮 (Yale: án) ᄂᆡ〯 (Yale: nǒy)

    Pronunciation

    [edit]
    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [nɛ(ː)] ~ [ne̞(ː)]
    • Phonetic hangul: [내(ː)/네(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

    Hanja

    [edit]

    內 (eumhun 안 내 (an nae))

    1. hanja form? of 내 (“inside; within”) [dependent noun; prefix]

    Compounds

    [edit]
    Compounds

    Vietnamese

    [edit]

    Han character

    [edit]

    內: Hán Nôm readings: nội

    Noun

    [edit]

    內 • (nội)

    1. chữ Hán form of nội.
      1. in; inside; within
      2. inside one's heart; internal; psychological
      3. imperial palace; royal court
      4. wife (and concubine)
      5. woman; a woman's beauty
      6. bedroom; room
      7. internal organs; entrails, bowels, guts
      8. a surname

    Compounds

    [edit]
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