訥

See also: 讷

訥 U+8A25, 訥 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8A25 ← 訤 [U+8A24] CJK Unified Ideographs 訦 → [U+8A26]

Translingual

Han character

訥 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+4, 11 strokes, cangjie input 卜口人月 (YROB), four-corner 0462₇, composition ⿰訁內)

1. slow of speech
2. mumble
3. stammer

Derived characters

• 𠽆, 𱟄, 𭅾, 𭋚, 𦄠, 𤹽

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1150, character 9
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35274
• Dae Jaweon: page 1617, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3946, character 4
• Unihan data for U+8A25

Chinese

trad.		訥
simp.		讷
alternative forms		吶／呐 㕯

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (內) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
妠	*nuːms, *nuːb, *rnoːd
內	*nuːbs
笍	*tnobs, *njobs
芮	*njobs
枘	*njobs
汭	*njobs
鈉	*njobs
蜹	*njobs, *lobs, *njod
抐	*nuːns, *nuːd
納	*nuːb
衲	*nuːb
魶	*nuːb, *noːb
軜	*nuːb
蒳	*nuːb
豽	*rnuːd
肭	*rnuːd, *nuːd, *nuɡ
吶	*nod
焫	*njod
訥	*nuːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *nuːd) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 內 (OC *nuːbs, “inside”)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): nè, nà (ne⁴, na⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄋㄜˋ, ㄋㄚˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): neot⁶ / nat⁶ / naap⁶
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lu̍t
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁸neq

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: nè
    • Zhuyin: ㄋㄜˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: nè
    • Wade–Giles: nê⁴
    • Yale: nè
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: neh
    • Palladius: нэ (nɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nɤ⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, variant)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: nà
    • Zhuyin: ㄋㄚˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: nà
    • Wade–Giles: na⁴
    • Yale: nà
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nah
    • Palladius: на (na)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nä⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: neot⁶ / nat⁶ / naap⁶
    • Yale: neuht / naht / naahp
    • Cantonese Pinyin: noet⁹ / nat⁹ / naap⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: nêd⁶ / ned⁶ / nab⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nɵt̚²/, /nɐt̚²/, /naːp̚²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lu̍t
    • Tâi-lô: lu̍t
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lut
    • IPA (Xiamen): /lut̚⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lut̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /lut̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /lut̚⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /lut̚⁴/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁸neq
    • MiniDict: neh^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵neq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /nəʔ¹²/

---

• Middle Chinese: nwot

Rime
Character	訥
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	泥 (8)
Final (韻)	沒 (56)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	内骨切
Baxter	nwot
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/nuət̚/
Pan Wuyun	/nuot̚/
Shao Rongfen	/nuət̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/nwət̚/
Li Rong	/nuət̚/
Wang Li	/nuət̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/nuət̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	nù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	neot6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*nˤut/

  (Zhengzhang): /*nuːd/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	訥
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	nè
Middle Chinese	‹ nwot ›
Old Chinese	/*nˁut/
English	slow of speech
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	訥
Reading #	1/1
No.	9404
Phonetic component	內
Rime group	物
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime
Old Chinese	/*nuːd/

Definitions

訥

1. slow of speech; speaking in a clumsy manner

   • 大直若屈，大巧若拙，大辯若訥。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     大直若屈，大巧若拙，大辩若讷。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Tao Te Ching, 4^th century BCE

     Dà zhí ruò qū, dà qiǎo ruò zhuō, dà biàn ruò nè. [Pinyin]

     The very straight seems bent, the skillful seems stupid, the most rhetorical seems clumsily expressed.

2. taciturn; speaking little

Usage notes

• Xiandai Hanyu Guifan Cidian (《现代汉语规范词典》) proscribes the use of the pronunciation nà.

Compounds

• 剛毅木訥／刚毅木讷
• 口訥／口讷
• 大辯若訥／大辩若讷
• 木訥／木讷 (mùnè)
• 木訥無言／木讷无言
• 樸訥／朴讷
• 樸訥誠篤／朴讷诚笃
• 澀訥／涩讷
• 訥口／讷口
• 訥會／讷会 (nèhuì)
• 訥澀／讷涩

 

References

• “訥”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

訥

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: のち (nochi)
• Kan-on: どつ (dotsu)
• Kan’yō-on: とつ (totsu)
• Kun: どもる (domoru, 訥る)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 訥 (MC nwot). Recorded as Middle Korean 눌 (nwul) (Yale: nwul) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource

訥 (eumhun 말 더듬을 눌 (mal deodeumeul nul))

1. hanja form^? of 눌 (“mumble; stammer”)

Compounds

• 어눌 (語訥, eonul)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Middle Mongol

Mongolian	ʼPhags-pa	Hanzi
ᠤ	ꡟ	訥

Suffix

訥 (-u)

1. Hanzi form of ᠤ (-u).

Vietnamese

Han character

訥: Hán Nôm readings: nột, dốt, nói, nốt, nuốt

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.