奴
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]奴 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 女水 (VE), four-corner 47440, composition ⿰女又)
Derived characters
[edit]Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 254, character 26
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6039
- Dae Jaweon: page 517, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1024, character 7
- Unihan data for U+5974
Chinese
[edit]| trad. | 奴 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 奴 | |
| alternative forms | 㚢 | |
Glyph origin
[edit]| Historical forms of the character 奴 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
|
|
|
|
|
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 拿 | *rnaː |
| 拏 | *rnaː |
| 詉 | *rnaː |
| 蒘 | *rnaː, *na |
| 笯 | *rnaː, *naː, *naːs |
| 挐 | *rnaː, *na |
| 絮 | *rnaːs, *nas, *snas, *nas |
| 呶 | *rnaːw |
| 怓 | *rnaːw |
| 帑 | *n̥ʰaːŋʔ, *naː |
| 奴 | *naː |
| 砮 | *naː, *naːʔ |
| 駑 | *naː |
| 孥 | *naː |
| 努 | *naːʔ |
| 弩 | *naːʔ |
| 怒 | *naːʔ, *naːs |
| 袽 | *na |
| 帤 | *na |
| 女 | *naʔ, *nas |
| 籹 | *naʔ |
| 恕 | *hnjas |
| 如 | *nja, *njas |
| 茹 | *nja, *njaʔ, *njas |
| 洳 | *nja, *njas |
| 鴽 | *nja |
| 蕠 | *nja |
| 汝 | *njaʔ |
| 肗 | *njaʔ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 女 (“woman”) + 又 (“hand”) – a hand capturing and ordering a woman around. 女 (OC *naʔ, *nas) may also be phonetic.
Some oracle bone script forms (not depicted above) are pictographic (象形) , showing a person (probably a woman) with hands crossed at the back, as opposed to 女 which depicts a woman clasping her hands in front of the body.
Etymology
[edit]Uncertain.
- Possibly cognate with Mru nar (“servant”) & Awa-Khumi Chin tana (Löffler, 1960);
- Ferlus (1999) relates this to 女 (OC *naʔ), which has semantic parallel, especially among foreign loans (e.g. 嬯 (OC *dɯː, “servant, slave woman”) which is possibly from Austroasiatic).
- Unger (1990) groups 奴 (OC *naː) as well as 努 (OC *naːʔ, “to tense, to exert”), 弩 (OC *naːʔ, “crossbow”), & 怒 (OC *naːs, “angry”), in a word-family with the basic meaning "tense", hence 奴 (OC *naː)'s meaning "press into service".
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Northern Min (KCR): nû
- Eastern Min (BUC): nù
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6nu
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄋㄨˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: nú
- Wade–Giles: nu2
- Yale: nú
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nu
- Palladius: ну (nu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /nu³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: nou4
- Yale: nòuh
- Cantonese Pinyin: nou4
- Guangdong Romanization: nou4
- Sinological IPA (key): /nou̯²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: nu3
- Sinological IPA (key): /ⁿdu²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: nù / nùng
- Hakka Romanization System: nuˇ / nungˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: nu2 / nung2
- Sinological IPA: /nu¹¹/, /nuŋ¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: nû
- Sinological IPA (key): /nu³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: nù
- Sinological IPA (key): /nˡu⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: nu
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*nˤa/
- (Zhengzhang): /*naː/
Definitions
[edit]奴
- slave; servant
- (humble, polite) I
- (derogatory) a person associated with a particular identity or trait
- to enslave
Synonyms
[edit]- (I):
Compounds
[edit]- 丁奴
- 主奴
- 九苞奴
- 乾奴才 / 干奴才
- 五奴
- 亞奴 / 亚奴
- 亡國奴 / 亡国奴 (wángguónú)
- 人奴
- 人奴產子 / 人奴产子
- 仙奴
- 俟奴
- 俠奴 / 侠奴
- 倭奴
- 倉奴 / 仓奴
- 傖奴 / 伧奴
- 傒奴
- 傭奴 / 佣奴
- 僮奴
- 僕奴 / 仆奴
- 儜奴 / 佇奴
- 儼奴 / 俨奴
- 兀地奴
- 入主出奴
- 六籍奴婢
- 出奴入主
- 劉寄奴 / 刘寄奴 (liújìnú)
- 匈奴 (Xiōngnú)
- 匈奴入侵
- 北匈奴
- 千奴
- 千頭木奴 / 千头木奴
- 千頭橘奴 / 千头橘奴
- 卒奴
- 南匈奴
- 叱奴
- 史奴比 (Shǐnúbǐ)
- 名利奴
- 呼奴使婢
- 囚奴
- 大奴
- 奚奴
- 女奴 (nǚnú)
- 奴下
- 奴使
- 奴僇
- 奴僕 / 奴仆 (núpú)
- 奴儕 / 奴侪
- 奴兵
- 奴化 (núhuà)
- 奴哥
- 奴奴
- 奴婢 (núbì)
- 奴子
- 奴官
- 奴客
- 奴家 (nújiā)
- 奴工
- 奴廝兒 / 奴厮儿
- 奴役 (núyì)
- 奴從 / 奴从
- 奴性 (núxìng)
- 奴怯
- 奴戮
- 奴才 (núcái)
- 奴書 / 奴书
- 奴材 (núcái)
- 奴爾 / 奴尔 (Nú'ěr)
- 奴產子 / 奴产子
- 奴視 / 奴视
- 奴胎
- 奴脣婢舌 / 奴唇婢舌
- 奴虜 / 奴虏
- 奴角
- 奴輩 / 奴辈
- 奴隸 / 奴隶 (núlì)
- 奴隸主 / 奴隶主 (núlìzhǔ)
- 奴隸主義 / 奴隶主义
- 奴顏 / 奴颜 (núyán)
- 奴顏婢睞 / 奴颜婢睐
- 奴顏婢膝 / 奴颜婢膝 (núyánbìxī)
- 奴顏婢色 / 奴颜婢色
- 奴顏媚骨 / 奴颜媚骨 (núyánmèigǔ)
- 婢膝奴顏 / 婢膝奴颜
- 嬖奴
- 守財奴 / 守财奴 (shǒucáinú)
- 守錢奴 / 守钱奴
- 官奴
- 家奴 (jiānú)
- 宮奴 / 宫奴
- 家生奴
- 寄奴
- 小奚奴
- 小奴
- 尖奴
- 尖頭奴 / 尖头奴
- 崑奴 / 昆奴
- 崑崙奴 / 昆仑奴 (kūnlúnnú)
- 崑崙奴傳 / 昆仑奴传
- 常住奴
- 常奴
- 平頭奴 / 平头奴
- 平頭奴子 / 平头奴子
- 幹奴 / 干奴
- 庸奴
- 引光奴
- 徒奴
- 從奴 / 从奴
- 念奴
- 忤奴
- 念奴嬌 / 念奴娇
- 恭奴 (Gōngnú)
- 惺惺奴
- 戶奴 / 户奴
- 斑奴
- 木奴
- 李衡奴
- 柔奴
- 桀奴
- 桃奴
- 椎奴
- 橘奴
- 檀奴
- 治書奴 / 治书奴
- 洲中奴
- 洋奴 (yángnú)
- 潑奴胎 / 泼奴胎
- 火奴魯魯 / 火奴鲁鲁 (Huǒnúlǔlǔ)
- 烏舅金奴 / 乌舅金奴
- 燕奴
- 燭奴 / 烛奴
- 牧奴
- 牧豬奴 / 牧猪奴
- 牧豬奴戲 / 牧猪奴戏
- 狂奴
- 狂奴故態 / 狂奴故态
- 狗奴
- 狸奴 (línú)
- 獠奴
- 玉奴
- 玉奴粧 / 玉奴妆
- 玉川奴
- 玉腰奴
- 班奴
- 瑞聖奴 / 瑞圣奴
- 瓊奴 / 琼奴
- 用事奴
- 田奴
- 田舍奴
- 番奴
- 瘖奴
- 監奴 / 监奴
- 看財奴 / 看财奴
- 看錢奴 / 看钱奴
- 眾奴 / 众奴
- 矮奴 (óe-lô͘) (Min Nan)
- 石奴
- 秃奴
- 禿奴 / 秃奴
- 私奴
- 童奴
- 竹奴
- 美麗奴羊 / 美丽奴羊
- 老奴
- 耕奴
- 耕當問奴 / 耕当问奴
- 胡奴
- 胡奴車 / 胡奴车
- 臊羯奴
- 花奴
- 花奴羯鼓
- 花奴鼓
- 荔奴
- 荔枝奴 (lìzhīnú)
- 莊奴 / 庄奴
- 萎奴公
- 蟹奴
- 蠣奴 / 蛎奴
- 蠻奴 / 蛮奴
- 詩奴 / 诗奴
- 認奴作郎 / 认奴作郎
- 諧奴 / 谐奴
- 譂奴 / 𫟠奴
- 象奴 (xiàngnú)
- 豪奴
- 豹奴
- 貉奴
- 貍奴 / 狸奴
- 貓奴 / 猫奴 (māonú)
- 賊奴 / 贼奴
- 賤奴 / 贱奴
- 農奴 / 农奴 (nóngnú)
- 農奴主 / 农奴主
- 農奴制 / 农奴制 (nóngnúzhì)
- 農奴制度 / 农奴制度 (nóngnú zhìdù)
- 逃奴
- 郗家奴
- 酪奴
- 醜奴兒 / 丑奴儿
- 金奴
- 金奴銀婢 / 金奴银婢
- 鈐奴 / 钤奴
- 鉗奴 / 钳奴
- 銜蟬奴 / 衔蝉奴
- 錢奴 / 钱奴
- 錫奴 / 锡奴
- 閹奴 / 阉奴
- 阿奴
- 陪奴
- 雁奴
- 雅奴
- 青奴
- 頑奴 / 顽奴
- 顇奴 / 悴奴
- 飛奴 / 飞奴
- 馬奴 / 马奴
- 馬奴法典 / 马奴法典
- 騎奴 / 骑奴
- 騷奴 / 骚奴
- 騶奴 / 驺奴
- 騷達奴 / 骚达奴
- 驅奴 / 驱奴
- 髡奴
- 髯奴
- 鬼奴
- 鮮卑奴 / 鲜卑奴
- 鮫奴 / 鲛奴
- 麥奴 / 麦奴
- 黃奴 / 黄奴
- 黃頭奴 / 黄头奴
- 黑奴 (hēinú)
- 齇奴
- 齊奴 / 齐奴
- 齊奴物 / 齐奴物
- 龜奴 / 龟奴
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]奴
- a thing, an object; (derogatory, familiar) a person
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: ぬ (nu)←ぬ (nu, historical)
- Kan-on: ど (do, Jōyō)←ど (do, historical)
- Kun: やっこ (yakko, 奴)、やつ (yatsu, 奴)、め (me, 奴)
- Nanori: ぬい (nui)
Etymology 1
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 奴 |
| やつ Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 奴 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 奴, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 2
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 奴 |
| やっこ Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 奴 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 奴, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 3
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 奴 |
| め Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 奴 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 奴, is an alternative spelling (uncommon) of the above term.) |
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]奴: Hán Nôm readings: nô, no, nó, nọ
- (colloquial) he, she, it
Usage notes
[edit]- Chữ Nôm.
- This is the common form of this character. The regular form is 伮.
- The term is de facto used to refer to any animal (including the human) in the third person, in a disrespectful manner. The use of the term to translate the English it, or to refer to an inanimate object, is rather artificial, and mostly found in awkward (but common) translation of other languages.
References
[edit]Categories:
- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han ideogrammic compounds
- Han pictograms
- Chinese terms with unknown etymologies
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- Eastern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
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- Chinese hanzi
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- Chinese nouns
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- Chinese humble terms
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- Mandarin terms with quotations
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- Japanese kanji
- Japanese jōyō kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading ぬ
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading ぬ
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading ど
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading ど
- Japanese kanji with kun reading やっこ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading やつ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading め
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ぬい
- Japanese terms spelled with 奴 read as やつ
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
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- Japanese single-kanji terms
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- Japanese terms spelled with 奴 read as やっこ
- Japanese terms spelled with 奴 read as め
- Japanese suffixes
- Japanese terms with uncommon senses
- Korean lemmas
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- Vietnamese Han characters
- Vietnamese colloquialisms