崑崙奴

Chinese

			slave
trad. (崑崙奴)		崑崙	奴
simp. (昆仑奴)		昆仑	奴

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kūnlúnnú

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄣ ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄋㄨˊ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kūnlúnnú
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄣ ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄋㄨˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kunlúnnú
    • Wade–Giles: kʻun¹-lun²-nu²
    • Yale: kwūn-lwún-nú
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuenluennu
    • Palladius: куньлуньну (kunʹlunʹnu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu̯ən⁵⁵ lu̯ən³⁵ nu³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: kwon lwon nu

Rime
Character	崑	崙	奴
Reading #	1/1	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	來 (37)	泥 (8)
Final (韻)	魂 (55)	魂 (55)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	I	I
Fanqie	古渾切	盧昆切	乃都切
Baxter	kwon	lwon	nu
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuən/	/luən/	/nuo/
Pan Wuyun	/kuon/	/luon/	/nuo/
Shao Rongfen	/kuən/	/luən/	/no/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwən/	/lwən/	/nɔ/
Li Rong	/kuən/	/luən/	/no/
Wang Li	/kuən/	/luən/	/nu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kuən/	/luən/	/nuo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gūn	lún	nú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwan1	leon4	nou4

Noun

崑崙奴

1. (historical) “Kunlun slave” (slave from Southeast Asia during the Tang and Song dynasties)

   • 適遇一崑崙奴，駕黃牛耕田。問曰：“此有張老家莊否？”崑崙投杖拜曰：「大郎子何久不來。莊去此甚近，某當前引。」 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
     适遇一昆仑奴，驾黄牛耕田。问曰：“此有张老家庄否？”昆仑投杖拜曰：「大郎子何久不来。庄去此甚近，某当前引。」 [Literary Chinese, simp.]

     From: Taiping Guangji (Extensive Records of the Taiping Era), 978 CE

     Shì yù yī kūnlúnnú, jià huángniú gēng tián. Wèn yuē: “Cǐ yǒu Zhānglǎo jiā zhuāng fǒu?” Kūnlún tóu zhàng bài yuē: “Dà lángzǐ hé jiǔ bùlái. Zhuāng qù cǐ shèn jìn, mǒu dāng qiányǐn.” [Pinyin]

     He came upon a dark slave tilling the land with an ox and plow. “Is there an Old Zhang who has a farm around here?” he asked. The dark man dropped his whip and bowed, “Big Master, what took you so long to come? The manor isn't far off. Would you please follow me?”

Synonyms

• 崑崙兒／昆仑儿 (kūnlún'ér)